Haploids in the improvement of Crucifers

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: Özel Sayı-2, 1419 - 1424, 01.03.2014

Fatih Seyis Emine Aydın M. İkbal Çatal

Öz

The production of doubled haploids (DH) in plants is a biotechnological tool useful in producing homozygous breeding lines and varieties. The production of haploids can be achieved either by gynogenesis or by androgenesis. The formation of haploids in the first case proceeds from the embryo sack (megagametophyte), in the second case microspores are used as target tissue. The use of haploids in producing new cultivars of crucifers (Brassicaceae) has widespread use. Biotechnological DH line production offers various advantages for plant breeders, including the possibility to obtain homozygous lines rapidly, as well as easy selection due to the absence of heterozygosity. It also facilitates genetic studies, particularly regarding quantitative traits. Furthermore, the use of DH progeny as mapping population(s) for the development of molecular markers is very advantageous since it enhances the efficiency of detecting markers, particularly for quantitative traits. Within the genus Brassica, most work for the development of DH lines has been devoted to B. napus. This is not surprising since it is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. Furthermore, B. napus is much easier to handle in tissue culture than other Brassicaceae (Weber et al. 2000). In this review the steps of producing DH lines using the microspore culture system will be described. Furthermore, the highlights regarding the creation of doubled haploids in crucifers and the role of haploids, more precisely of doubled haploids in breeding programs of crucifers will be explained detailly

Anahtar Kelimeler

haploid, Brassica, rapeseed, biotechnology

Haploids in the improvement of Crucifers

Öz

Bitkilerde dihaploid (DH) geliştirme homozigot ıslah hatları ve çeşitleri geliştirmede kullanılan oldukça yararlı bir biyoteknolojik vasıtadır. Haploid bitkicik ledesi ya ginogenesis ya da androgenesis yoluyla elde edilebilmektedir. İlk verilen örnekte haploid bitki gelişimi embriyo kesesinden (megagametofit) ikinci örnekte ise mikrosporlar hedef dokular olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Brassicaceae familyasında yeni çeşitlerin geliştirme çalışmalarında haploid bitkilerin kullanılması oldukça yaygın kullanıma sahiptir. Biyoteknolojik vasıtalar ile dihaploid hatların geliştirilmesi bitki ıslahçılarına çeşitli avantajlar sağlamaktadır; bunlar arasında hızlı olarak homozigot hatların elde edilmesi, ve heterozigotluk bulunmadığından kolay seleksiyon imkanı sayılabilir. Ayı zamanda özellikle kantitatif karakterlere yönelik genetic araştırmaları kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bundan başka, moleküler marker geliştirmede DH soyağaçlarının haritalama populasyonu olarak kullanılması oldukça avantajlıdır, çünkü özellikle kantitatif özellikler için marker geliştirmedeki etkinliği artırmaktadır. Brassica, cinsi içersinde dihaploid hat geliştirme çalışmaları daha çok B. napus ile ilgilidir. Bu sürpriz değildir, çünkü kolza dünya üzerindeki en önemli yağ bitkilerinden bir tanesidir. Ayrıca, B. napus doku kültürü çalışmalarına diğer Brassicaceae’ e göre daha yatkındır. Bu derlemede mikrospor kültürü kullanılarak dihaploid bitki geliştirme işlemi açıklanacaktır. Bundan başka, Haçlıgiller familyasında dihaploid bitki geliştirmede önemli konular ve dihaploid bitkilerin Haçlıgiller familyasındaki ıslah programlarında kullanılması detayıyla açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

haploid, Brassica, kolza, biyoteknoloji

Kaynakça

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