Forage Sources For Ruminants In Bulgaria

Atanas Kırılov; Tsvetoslav Mıhovskı

Forage Sources For Ruminants In Bulgaria

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: Özel Sayı-2, 2040 - 2045, 01.03.2014

Öz

The paper is a brief overview of climate and forage sources of feed for the ruminants – cattle, sheep and goats in Bulgaria. Main sources for grazing and hay making in spring-summer season are the natural pastures, and for feeding rack are the preserved forages – haylage and silage from forage cultures, which are grown on arable land. Natural pasture swards occupy 1/3 from the agricultural area in Bulgaria. They consist of natural species, which are well adapted to the local conditions, but their yield is low. They are suitable for extensive stock-breeding and to obtain healthy food of animal origin. The sown pasture swards in Bulgaria take a small share, but more and more farmers show interest for establishment of artificial pastures near the farm. The big cattle breeding farms rely mainly on hay and haylage from alfalfa, and maize silage. Feeding in most of them is on rack in the cattle-shed all year round. In the paper are given data for the composition of a natural sward in the mountain and foothill pastures in Bulgaria. Attention is paid on main grass-feed sources such as the alfalfa, peas and vetch, waste rough forage, as well as maize for silage and some new technological methods for silage making

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

DUGLAS J.A. The production and utolization of lucerne in New Zealand. Review paper. Grass and Forage Science, 41, 81-128, 1986.
ELGERSMA A., A.C. WAVER AND T.NALẹCZ- TARWACKA. Grazing versus indoor feeding: effects on milk quality. In: Sustainable Grassland Productivity, Eds. J. Lloveras, A. González-Rodriguez, O. Vázkequez-Yañez, J. Pineiro, O. Santamaria,
Poblaciones. Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 11, 419-427, 2006.
M.J. milk of Tsigai sheep depending on altitude and sward of pastures. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, vol. 1, 3-4, 226-232, 1998.
KIRILOV A. Study on peas as forage for ruminants. I Yield and composition. Animal sciences, 1990, №6, 26-31, KIRILOV A. Study on peas as forage for II ruminants.
consumption of green mass of peas. Animal sciences, 1990, №6, 32-37, 1990.
and KIRILOV A. Forage base of ruminant stock- breeding in Bulgaria. Animal Sciences. vol. 37, No 5-6, 97-101. 2000.
KIRILOV A. Comparison des valeurs alimentaires de plantes entières de pois et de vesce. Fourrages (2000) 162, 181 – 186, 2000.
KIRILOV A. AND P. TODOROVA. Development of forage areas and forage resources in Bulgaria during the period of transition. In: Land use systems in grassland dominated regions, Eds. A. Luscher, B. Jeangros, W. Kessler, O. Huguening, M. Lobsiger, N. Millar and D. Suter. Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 9, 855-857, 2004.
KIRILOV A. Fodder Oats. A European overview. In: Fodder Oats: a world overview Eds. J.M.Suttie and S. G. Reynolds. FAO, Rome, 2004, p. 179-195, 2004.
KRACHUNOV I. Changes in quality of forage from sudangrass (Sorghum Sudanese (Piper) Stapf) II Yield, energy and protein nutrition. Animal Sciences. vol. XLII, 3/2005, 3-8, 2005.
KATOVA A. Species and varieties of perennial grasses for high quality forage in Bulgaria, 14th Meeting of the FAO – CIHEM mountain pastures network, 30 May
Bulgaria,“Adapting management to the new challenges of European mountain grasslands”
Agriculture on the Balkans, (JMAB), 156 – 161, 2007. Troyan, Journal of
Mountain 12. KATOVA A. Study of new untraditional forage grass species tolerant to marginal ecological conditions III. Agricultural values, Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, (JMAB), vol.12 , 2, 319 – 328, 2009.
KATOVA A. New perennial ryegrass variety (Lolium perenne L.) IFK Harmoniya. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, 14(4): 721-739, 2011.
LEGARTO J. Les sorgos: interets et limites pour les regions seches. Journees AFPF Mars 2000, Paris, 2000.
MIHAILOVA G., ODJAKOVA T., P. MOEKEL, JAREIS G. AND KAFRDJIEV V. Dinamics of the fatty acids contents in milk throughout the grazing seazon of sheep. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, №5 455-471, 2003.
PEETERS A., AND KOPEC S. Production and productivity of cutting grasslands in temperate climates of Europe. In: Grassland and Land Use Systems. Eds.G. Parente , J. Frame and S. Orsi. Grassland Science in Europe, Vol. 1, 59- 73, 1996.
PAPANASTASIS V.P. Grasslands and woody plants in Europe with special reference to Greece. In: Grassland and Woody Plants
Papanastasis, J. Frame, A.S. Nastis, Grassland Science in Europe Vol. 4., 15- 24, 1999. Eds. V.
P. PFLIMLIN A. AND N.TODOROV. Trends in European forage systems for meat and milk production: facts and new concerns. In: Optimal Forage Systems for
Environment. Eds.. A.Kirilov, N.Todorov and I.Katerov, Grassland Sciens in Europe Vol.8, 1-10, 2003.
PORQUEDDU C. & S. MALTONI Evaluation of a range of rainfed grass-legume mixtures in a Mediterranean environment. In: B.E.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Adaptation and management of forage legumes – strategies for improved reliability in mixed swards. Ystad, Sweden, September 20-22, 113, 2004. 20. SACHANSKI S. AND KIRILOV A. Assesing the suitable cereal components for the overwintering pea cultivar Pleven 10 intended for green forage production. Plant Science (Sofia) Vol. 25, No1, 48- 54, 1988.
SEMERCI A., K. CENGIZ AND Y. KAYA. Forage crop production in Edirne province. Sheep production in Europe: State and Perspectives. Workshop, 7-8 Septembre 2006, Pleven, Bulgaria, 2006.
SLANEV K. Study on initial forms and hybrids of sorghum, Dissertation for the award of PhD degree, Sofia 2006, 2006.
STOYCHEVA I. Influence of grazing and preserved forages on milk productivity of sheep, PhD, Pleven, 2014, 2014.
TODOROV M., P. TODOROVA, TSV. MIHOVSKI. Some results from our work on the FAO project
Production Systems for Livestock Feeding”, Herba, N 12 -1999, 41-51, TODOROVA P., D. PAVLOV AND M. TODOROV. Composition and feeding value of permanent grassland in the Central Balkan Mountains. . In: Optimal Forage Systems for Animal Production and the Environment. Eds. A.Kirilov, N.Todorov and I.Katerov, Grassland Sciens in Europe, Vol. 8, 215-218, 2003.
TOMIĆ Z, M. PETROVIĆ, Z. NESIĆ AND M. ZUJOVIĆ. Forage resources for sheep in Serbia, Sheep production in Europe: State and Perspectives. Workshop, 7-8 Septembre 2006, Pleven, Bulgaria, 2006.
VASILEVA V., VASILEV E. Study on Productivity of some Legume Crops in Pure Cultivation and Mixtures. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, Vol. 77, No. 2, 91-94, 2012.
VASILEVA V. Productivity of dry aboveground and root mass in mixtures. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, Agricultural Academy, vol. 17, 4, 956- 969, 2014. 29. WOODWARD E.I. AND
Microclimate, photosynthesius and growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) 2. Canopy structure and growth. Annals of botany 44, 709-719, 1979.
WILKINS R.J. AND A.KIRILOV. Role of forage crops in animal production systems. In: Optimal Forage Systems for Animal Production and the Environment. Eds. A.Kirilov, N.Todorov and I.Katerov, Grassland Sciens in Europe Vol. 8, 283- 291, 2003.
ZHELYAZKOV T., T. NAYDENOV. Forage assessment of Sordan 79 and Trudan 8. II Composition, digestibility and energy nutrition. Animal sciences, 5-6, 69-76, 1993b.