Immunological Diagnostic of Phytophthora infestans from Host Tissues (Potato) by ELISA Method

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 385 - 392, 26.10.2017

Touseef Hussaın Bir Pal Sıngh Firoz Anwar

Öz

Oomycete
pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are the most destructive plant
pathogens known. They spread mainly through the movement of infested
soil, water and infected plants and plant material. Especially damaging as a
source of inoculum are those plants/seeds that are infected but do not show
signs of symptoms either because the disease has not yet progressed to the
stage where symptoms are evident, or due to suppression of symptom development
by the use of fungicides. In our indirect ELISA method, P.infestans
exhibited strong positive reaction with sporangia (2.256), mycelium (1.256) as
well as oospores (2.286) whereas no reaction with other fungal pathogens of
potato. P.infestans was detected by indirect ELISA in potato leaves
(1.212) and tubers (1.201). Our study was to confirm the detection of P.infestans
irrespective of inoculum present in the host tissues (0.435), by which planting
material by quarantine dept., horticultural dept. from one state to another. It
could be used as reliable routine diagnostic test to replace current
identification and isolation, detection methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phytophthora infestans, oospores, potato, ELISA

Kaynakça

• Abd El-Rehim, M.A., Hashem, M.A. 1970. A serodiagnosic method for the differentiation between resistance and susceptible Egyptian cotton varieties to infection with Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology, 67: 180-182.
• Abd El-Rehim, M.A., El-Melegi, M.A. 1973. Serological and immunoelectrophoretical differences between Fusarium species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 8: 7-9.
• Abd El-Rehim, M.A., Ibrahim, I.A., Michail, S.H., El-Melegi, M.A. 1974. Serological relationships between Pythium irreglare buisman and certain Tomato cultivars. Zb1. Bokt. Abt. H, Bd., 129: 179-182.
• Alba, A.P.C., Devay J.E. 1985. Detection of cross reactive antigens between Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Barry and Solanum species by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Phytopathol. Z. 112: 97-104.
• Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., MacDonald, J.D., Kabashima J., 1991. A method for using commercial ELISA tests to detect zoospores of Phytophthora and Pythium species in irrigation water.Plant Disease, 75: 305-311.
• Afouda, L., Wolf, G., Wydra, K. 2008. Development of a sensitive serological method for specific detection of Latent infection of Macrophomina phaseolina in cowpea. J. Phytopathology.
• Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1968.Cell wall chemistry, morphogenesis, and taxonomy of fungi. Annual Review of Microbiology, 22: 87-108.
• Barna, B., Balazs, E., Kiraly, Z. 1978. Common antigens and rust diseases. Phytopathol. Z., 93: 336-341. Beckman, K.B., Harrison, J.G, Ingram, D.S. 1994. Physilology Mol. Pathol.44, 19.
• Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
• Caesar, T., Lartey, R.T., Shelver, W.L. 2007. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Cercospora beticola in soil. Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 44: 51-70.
• Clark, M.F., Adam, A.N. 1977. Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34: 475-483.
• Caten, C.E., Jinks, J.L. 1968. Spontaneous variability of single isolates of Phytophthora infestans. I. Cultural Variation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 46: 329-348.
• El-Kaffash, W.M.I. 1990. Specificity of host lectins to the corresponding pathogens. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt, pp: 84
• El-Nashaar, H.M., Moor, L.W., George, R.A. 1986. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay quantification of initial infection of wheat by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici as moderated by biocontrol agents. Phytopathology, 76: 35-47.
• Elansky, S.N., Smirnov, A.N., Dyakov, Y., Dolgova, A., Filippov, A., Kozlovsky, B., Kozlovskaya, I., Russo, P., Smart, C., Fry, W.E. 2001. Genotypic analysis of Russian isolates of Phytophtora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far East. J. Phytopath., 149: 605-611.
• Estrada-Garcia, M.T., Green, J.R., Booth, J.M., White, J.G., Callow, J.A. 1989. Monoclonal antibodies to cell surface components of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Pythium aphanidermatum reveal species-specific antigens, Exeprimental Mycology, 13: 348-355.
• Fegla, G.I., El-Samra, I.A., Noaman, K.A., Younes, H.A. 1997. Host range, transmission and serology of an isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from tomato of plastic houses in northern Egypt. Proc.1st scien. Conf. of Agric. Assiut Univ., Assiut, December 13-14: 549-568.
• Fernandez-Pavia, S.P., Grunwald, N.J., Diaz-Valasis, M., Caldena_Hinojosa, M., Fry, W.E. 2004. Soilborne sopores of Phytophthora infestans in Central Mexico survive winter fallow and infect potato plants in the field. Plant Disease, 88: 29-33.
• Forster, H., Ribeiro, O.K., Erwin, D.C. 1983.Factors affecting oospore germination of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis. Phytopathology, 73: 442-448.
• Flier, W.G., Kessel, G.J.T., Scheppers, H.T.A.M., Turkensteen, L.J. 2006. The impact of oospores of Phytophthora infestans on late blight epidemics. Working papers - In: Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp. 18-22.
• Goodwin, S.B., Spielman, L.J., Matuszak, J.M., Bergeron, S.N., Fry, W.E. 1992b.Clonal diversity and genetic differentiation of Phytophthora infestans population in northern and central Mexico. Phytopathology, 82: 955-961.
• Guenthner, F.F., Michael, K.C., Nolte, P. 2001. The economic impact of potato late blight on US growers. Potato Research, 44: 121-125.
• Gupta, J. 2000. Variability and epidemiology of Phytophthora infestans affecting potatoes in India. Ph.D thesis. Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh. pp.172.
• Hardham, A.R., Mitchell, H.J. 1998. Use of molecular cytology to study the structure and biology of phytopathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 24: 252-284.
• Hardham, A.R., Cahill, D.M., Cope, M., Gabor, B.K., Gubler, F., Hyde, G.J. 1994. Cell surface antigens of Phytophthora spores: biological and taxanomic characterization, Protoplasma, 181: 231-232.
• Harrison, J.G, Barker, H, Lowe, R, Rees, E.A. 1990. Estimation of amounts of Phytophthora infestans mycelium in leaf tissue by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Plant Pathol, 39: 274-277.
• Hardham, A.R, Suzaki, E, Perkin, J.L., 1986. Monoclonal antibodies to isolates species and genus specific components on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamon.Can. J. Bot., 64: 311-21.
• Haas, B.J, Kamoun, S., Zody, M.C., Jiang, R.H.Y., Handsaker, R.E., Cano, L.M., Grabherr, M., Kodira, C.D, Raffaele, S. and Torto-Alalibo, T. 2009. Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Nature, 461: 393-398.
• Hultberg, M., Bengtsso, T., Liljeroth, E. 2010. Late blight on potato is suppressed by the Biosurfactant producing strains Pseudomonas koreensis 2.74 and it’s Biosurfactant. BioControl, 55: 543-550.
• Hussain, T. 2016a.Detection and quantification of Phytophthora infestans from host tissue and infested soil.Ph.D.Thesis. Dept. of Life Science,Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, U.K.p150.
• Hussain, T.2016b.Diagnostic of most important pathogen on potato through PCR techniques: A systematic Review.Trends in Biosciences.9(4):203-212.
• Knapova, G., Schober-Butin, G., Fehrmann, H. 1992. Nachweis von P.infestans (Mont.) de bary mittels ELISA. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. 283-328.
• Knapova, G., Schober-Butin, B., Fehrmann, H. 1993.Nachweis von P.infestans in Gewebe. Abstract 12th Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research, Paris, 467-468.
• Kirk, W.W., Abu-El Samen, F.M., Muhinyuza, J.B., Hammerschmidt, R., Douces, D.S., Thill, C.A., Groza, H., Thompson, A.L. 2005. Evaluation of potato late blight management utilizing host plant resistance and reduced rates and frequencies of fungicide applications. 24: 961-970.
• Malajczuk, N., Mccomb, A.J., Parker, C.A. 1975. An immunofluorescence technique for detecting Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Phytopathology, 85: 1057-1063.
• McDonald, J.D., Stites, J., Kabashima, J. 1990. Comparison of serological, and culture plate methods for detecting species of Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia in ornamental plants. Plant Disease, 74: 655-659.
• Mohan, S.B. 1988. Evaluation of antisera raised against Phytophthora fragariae for detecting the red core diseases of strawberries by enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay (ELISA). Plant Pathology, 37: 206-216.
• Miller, S.A., Madden, L.V., Schmitthenner, A.F. 1997. Distribution of Phytophthora spp.In field soils determined by immunoassay. Phytopathology, 87:101-107.
• Nyankanga, R.O., Wien, H.C., Olanya, O.M. 2008. Effects of mulch and potato hilling on development of foliar blight (Phytophthora infestans) and the control of tuber blight infection. Potato Research, 51: 101-111.
• Olanya, O.M., Plant, A.B., Larkin, R.P., Honeycutt, C.W. 2008. Infection potential of hairy nightshade by Phytophthora infestans and late blight implications of the alternate host. J. Phytopathology.
• Palmerley, R.A., Callow, J.A. 1978. Common antigens in extracts of Phytophthora infestans and potatoes. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 12: 241-248.
• Qamar, N., Khan, M.A., Rashid, A. 2003. Screening of potato germplasm against potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus Y (PVY). Pakistan J. Phytopath., Vol. 5(2): 181-184.
• Shattock, R.C., Tooley, P.W., Fry, W.E. 1986. Genetics of Phytophthora infestans: Characterization of single-oospore cultures from A1 isolates induced to self by intraspecific stimulation. Phytopathology, 76: 407-410.
• Singh, B.P., Roy, S., Bhattacharyya, S.K., 1994. Occurrence of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans in India. Potato Research, 37: 227-231.
• Srivastava, A.K., Arora, D.K. 1997. Evaluation of polyclonal antibody immunoassay for detection and quantification of Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Pathol., 46: 785-794.
• Tohamy, A.T.A., 1981. The roles of certain host biochemical components in pathogenesis. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt, pp: 96.
• Turkensteen, L.J., Flier, W.G., Mulder, A., Baarlen, V.P. 1996. Evidence for sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in an allotment garden complex in the Netherlands. Pp.356-357 In: Abstracts of conference papers, posters and demonstrations. 13th Tiennial Conference of the European Association of Potato Research, Veldhoven, Netherlands, 14-19, July 1996.
• Turkensteen, L.J., Flier, W.G., Wanningen, R., Mulder, A. 2000. Production, survival and infectivity of oospores of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology 49: 688-696.
• Walsh, J.A., Merz, U., Harrison, J.G. 1996. Serological detection of spore balls of Spongospora subterranea and quantification in soil. Plant Pathology, 45: 884-895.
• Wessels, J.G.H., Sietsma, J.H. 1981. Fungal cell walls a survey, in Encyclopedia of plant Physiology New Series Volume 13B. Plant Carbohydrates (Tanner, W. and Loewus, F.A. Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 352-394.
• White, D.G. 1976. The preparation and use of a fluorescent antibody reagent for the detection of Pythium graminicola, Phytopathology, 66:523-525.