Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Determination of Cutting Force and Energy in Grape Cane in Some Domestic and Foreign Grape Varieties

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 414 - 423, 18.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471203

Öz

In this study, it
is aimed to determine the basic parameters such as shear force, shear stress
and energy requirement in the design of a machine that can be used in cutting
work of gape canes. For this purpose, the variation of cutting properties
depending on the
grape canes diameter and moisture for 8 different grape varieties were
investigated
and evaluated as statistics. The canes of grape used in the experiments were obtained
from the vineyards of wine producing grape producers in Diyarbakır Province.
Llyod LRX plus, a 5000 N capacity biological material tester, was used to
determine the shear properties of gape canes.
According to the results obtained, it was observed that the cutting
characteristics of the plant were directly related to the shoot cross section.
Even though the diameter of the interrupted shoots is the same, there are
significant differences between the varieties in terms of their cutting
properties. The maximum cutting force values obtained according to the diameter
were obtained in the foreign grape varieties while the lowest values were
determined in the domestic grape varieties. The highest cutting values obtained
for foreign grape varieties were obtained from Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Cabernet
Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot and Tannat varieties respectively. According to
the results of the research, maximum cutting force is 2084 N and cutting energy
is 662 Ncm in 42% moisture content and 10 mm shoot diameter in Cabernet Franc
variety. The lowest cutting force is 1595 N and cutting energy is 531 Ncm in
Tannat variety at the same shoot diameter. Thus, these cutting properties of
the varieties in the design and manufacture of a pruning or cutting machine
have an important effect. For this reason, in the design of a machine to be
used in pruning and similar cutting works, the cutting characteristics of the
grape variety must be taken into consideration. This will allow machine
manufacturers to manufacture more modern pruning machines on the one hand.

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, M.R., Ajdadi, F.R., Dabbaghi, A. 2011. Cutting energy of rice stem as influenced by internode position and dimensional characteristics of different varieties. AJCS, 5(6): 681-687, ISSN: 1835-2707.
  • Anonymous, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute Agriculture Databases.
  • ASABE Standards, 2006. Measurement Forages, S358.2: 1:1. 52 nd ed. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph MI. Beyhan, M.A. 1996. Determination of shear strength of hazelnut sucker. J.Agric.Fac.OMU, 11(3): 167-181.
  • Beyhan, M.A., Tekgüler, A. 2000. Fındık dip sürgünlerinin kesilmesinde bıçak-destek mekanizmasının özgül enerji tüketimine ve maksimum kesme kuvvetine etkisi. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 19. Ulusal Kongresi, Erzurum.
  • Chen, Y., Gratton, J.L., Liu, J. 2004. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4): 417-424. Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Pekitkan, F.G., Elicin, A.K., Öztürk, F., Sessiz, A. 2017. Some Engineering Properties of the Şire Grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Scientific Papers Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXI, 2017.Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653. June 8-10, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Ekinci, K., Yılmaz, D., Ertekin, C. 2010. Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of ca¬rob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 1015-1021.
  • Emadi, B., Kosse, V. ve Yarlagadda, P. 2004. Relationship between mechanical properties of pumpkin and skin thickness. In International Journal of Food Properties, 8: 277-287.
  • Ghahraei, O.D., Ahmad, A., Khalina, H., Othman, J. 2011. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. In Transactions of the ASABE, 54: 51-56. Güzel, E., Zeren, Y. 1989. The theory of free cutting and rotary cutters. Agricultural Engineering, 1(4): 1953-1955.
  • Heidari, A., Chegini, G. 2011. Determining the shear strength and picking force of rose flower, EJPAU, 14(2): 13. Available Online: Engineering electronic journal of polish agricultural universities.
  • Hoseinzadeh, B., Shirneshan, A. 2012. Bending and shearing characteristics of canola stem. In American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ Sci, 12: 275-281.
  • İnce, A., Uğurluay, S., Güzel, E., Özcan, M.T., 2005. Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosyst. Eng. 92(2).
  • Kocabıyık, H., Kayışoğlu, B. 2004. Determination of shearing fea¬tures of sunflower stalk. In. J. Agric. Sci., 10: 263-267.
  • Kronbergs, A., Kronbergs, E., Siraks, E., Adamovics, A. 2011. Cutting properties of different hemp varieties in dependence on the cutter mechanism. In Engineering For Rural Development Jelgava, May 26-27, 2011: 446-451.
  • Mesquita, C.M., Hanna, M.A. 1995. Physical and mechanical properties of soybean crops. Transactions of the ASAE, 38(6): 1655-1658.
  • Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York, Gordon and Breach Publishers.
  • Nazari, G.M., Tabatabaeefar, A., Jafari, A., Sharifi, A., Rafiee, S. 2008. Bending and shearing characteristics of alfalfa stems. In Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal, Manuscript FP 08 001, Vol. X, May 2008.
  • Persson, S. 1987. Mechanics of cutting plant material. ASAE Publications, Michigan, USA.
  • Sessiz, A., Elicin, A.K., Esgici, R., Ozdemir, G., Nozdrovıcký, L. 2013. Cutting Properties of Olive Sucker. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. The Scientific Journal for Agricultural Engineering, The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra., 16(3): 80-84. Sessiz, A. Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Eliçin, A.K., Pekitkan F.G. 2015. Cutting properties of different grape varieties. Agriculture & Forestry, 61(1): 211-216.
  • Skubisz, G. 2001. Development of studies on mechanical properties of winter rape stems. Int. Agrophysics, 15: 197-200.
  • Tavakoli, H., Mohtasebi, S.S., Jafari, A., Nazari Galedar, M. 2009. Some Engineering Properties of Barley Straw. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, (ASABE Publication), 25(4): 627-633.
  • Voicu, G., Moiceanu, E., Sandu, M., Poenaru, I.C., Voicu, P. 2011. Experiments regarding mechanical behaviour of energetic plant miscanthus to crushing and shear stress. In Engineering for Rural Development Jelgava, May 26-27, 2011: 490-495.
  • Zareiforoush, H., Mohtasebi, S.S., Tavakoli, H., Alizadeh, M.R. 2010. Effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw. In Aust J Crop Sci, 4(3): 190-195.

Bazı Yerli ve Yabancı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Sürgünlerin Kesme Kuvveti ve Enerjisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 414 - 423, 18.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471203

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bağ çubuklarının kesme
işlerinde kullanılabilecek bir makinanın tasarımında temel parametreler olan
kesme kuvveti, kesme gerilmesi ve enerji gereksiniminin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 8 farklı üzüm çeşidi için sürgün çapına ve
neme bağlı olarak kesme özelliklerinin değişimi incelenmiş ve istatiski olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Deneylerde kullanılan asmaların sürgünleri Diyarbakır
ilindeki şaraplık üzüm üreten üreticilere ait bağlardan temin edilmiştir.
Sürgünlerin kesme özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde, Llyod LRX plus, 5000 N
kapasiteli biyolojik malzeme test cihazı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara
göre, bitkinin kesme özelliklerinin sürgün kesit alanıyla doğrudan ilişkili
olduğunu gözlenmiştir. Kesilen sürgünlerin çaplarının aynı olsa bile kesme
özellikleri bakımından çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Çapa bağlı olarak elde edilen maksimum kesilme kuvveti değerleri yabancı üzüm
çeşitlerinde elde edilirken, en düşük değerler ise yerli şaraplık üzüm
çeşitlerinde saptanmıştır. Yabancı çeşitler için elde edilen en yüksek kesme
değerleri ise sırasıyla Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay,
Merlot ve Tannat çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre maksimum
kesme kuvveti 2084 N ve kesme enerjisi 662 Ncm olarak  % 42 Nem içeriğinde, 10 mm sürgün çapında
Cabernet Franc çeşidinde bulunurken, aynı sürgün çapında en düşük kesme kuvveti
1595 N ve kesme enerjisi 531 Ncm olarak Tannat çeşidinde elde edilmiştir.
Dolaysıyla bir budama veya kesme makinasının tasarımında ve imalatında
çeşitlerin bu kesme özellikleri önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle, budama
ve benzeri kesme işlerinde kullanılacak bir makina tasarımında mutlaka üzüm
çeşidinin kesme özellikleri dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu da makina imalatçılarının
bir yandan daha modern budama makinalarının imalatının yapılmasına yapmasına
olanak sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, M.R., Ajdadi, F.R., Dabbaghi, A. 2011. Cutting energy of rice stem as influenced by internode position and dimensional characteristics of different varieties. AJCS, 5(6): 681-687, ISSN: 1835-2707.
  • Anonymous, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute Agriculture Databases.
  • ASABE Standards, 2006. Measurement Forages, S358.2: 1:1. 52 nd ed. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph MI. Beyhan, M.A. 1996. Determination of shear strength of hazelnut sucker. J.Agric.Fac.OMU, 11(3): 167-181.
  • Beyhan, M.A., Tekgüler, A. 2000. Fındık dip sürgünlerinin kesilmesinde bıçak-destek mekanizmasının özgül enerji tüketimine ve maksimum kesme kuvvetine etkisi. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 19. Ulusal Kongresi, Erzurum.
  • Chen, Y., Gratton, J.L., Liu, J. 2004. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4): 417-424. Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Pekitkan, F.G., Elicin, A.K., Öztürk, F., Sessiz, A. 2017. Some Engineering Properties of the Şire Grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Scientific Papers Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXI, 2017.Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653. June 8-10, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Ekinci, K., Yılmaz, D., Ertekin, C. 2010. Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of ca¬rob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 1015-1021.
  • Emadi, B., Kosse, V. ve Yarlagadda, P. 2004. Relationship between mechanical properties of pumpkin and skin thickness. In International Journal of Food Properties, 8: 277-287.
  • Ghahraei, O.D., Ahmad, A., Khalina, H., Othman, J. 2011. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. In Transactions of the ASABE, 54: 51-56. Güzel, E., Zeren, Y. 1989. The theory of free cutting and rotary cutters. Agricultural Engineering, 1(4): 1953-1955.
  • Heidari, A., Chegini, G. 2011. Determining the shear strength and picking force of rose flower, EJPAU, 14(2): 13. Available Online: Engineering electronic journal of polish agricultural universities.
  • Hoseinzadeh, B., Shirneshan, A. 2012. Bending and shearing characteristics of canola stem. In American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ Sci, 12: 275-281.
  • İnce, A., Uğurluay, S., Güzel, E., Özcan, M.T., 2005. Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosyst. Eng. 92(2).
  • Kocabıyık, H., Kayışoğlu, B. 2004. Determination of shearing fea¬tures of sunflower stalk. In. J. Agric. Sci., 10: 263-267.
  • Kronbergs, A., Kronbergs, E., Siraks, E., Adamovics, A. 2011. Cutting properties of different hemp varieties in dependence on the cutter mechanism. In Engineering For Rural Development Jelgava, May 26-27, 2011: 446-451.
  • Mesquita, C.M., Hanna, M.A. 1995. Physical and mechanical properties of soybean crops. Transactions of the ASAE, 38(6): 1655-1658.
  • Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York, Gordon and Breach Publishers.
  • Nazari, G.M., Tabatabaeefar, A., Jafari, A., Sharifi, A., Rafiee, S. 2008. Bending and shearing characteristics of alfalfa stems. In Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal, Manuscript FP 08 001, Vol. X, May 2008.
  • Persson, S. 1987. Mechanics of cutting plant material. ASAE Publications, Michigan, USA.
  • Sessiz, A., Elicin, A.K., Esgici, R., Ozdemir, G., Nozdrovıcký, L. 2013. Cutting Properties of Olive Sucker. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. The Scientific Journal for Agricultural Engineering, The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra., 16(3): 80-84. Sessiz, A. Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Eliçin, A.K., Pekitkan F.G. 2015. Cutting properties of different grape varieties. Agriculture & Forestry, 61(1): 211-216.
  • Skubisz, G. 2001. Development of studies on mechanical properties of winter rape stems. Int. Agrophysics, 15: 197-200.
  • Tavakoli, H., Mohtasebi, S.S., Jafari, A., Nazari Galedar, M. 2009. Some Engineering Properties of Barley Straw. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, (ASABE Publication), 25(4): 627-633.
  • Voicu, G., Moiceanu, E., Sandu, M., Poenaru, I.C., Voicu, P. 2011. Experiments regarding mechanical behaviour of energetic plant miscanthus to crushing and shear stress. In Engineering for Rural Development Jelgava, May 26-27, 2011: 490-495.
  • Zareiforoush, H., Mohtasebi, S.S., Tavakoli, H., Alizadeh, M.R. 2010. Effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw. In Aust J Crop Sci, 4(3): 190-195.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Abdullah Sessiz Bu kişi benim

, Emin Güzel Bu kişi benim

Yılmaz Bayhan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ekim 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Sessiz, A., Güzel, ,. E., & Bayhan, Y. (2018). Bazı Yerli ve Yabancı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Sürgünlerin Kesme Kuvveti ve Enerjisinin Belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 414-423. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471203