Bitki Fungal Hastalıklarıyla Biyolojik Savaşta Trichoderma’lar

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 135 - 148, 30.09.2015

Mehmet Hadi Aydın

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.10042

Öz

Tarımda kullanılan kimyasal pestisidlerin neden olduğu çevre kirliliği ve kalıntı sorunları gibi nedenlerden dolayı, bitki hastalıklarıyla mücadelede alternatif yöntemlerin bulunması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Biyolojik mücadele kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olarak geliştirilmiştir. Trichoderma’lar biyolojik mücadelede en çok kullanılan antagonistler olarak bilinmektedir. Doğada hemen hemen tüm toprak ve doğal habitatlarda ve özellikle organik madde içeren alanlarda bulunmaktadır. Bitki patojenlerine karşı mikoparazitizm, antibiyotik üretimi, yer-besin için yarışma ve bitkide gelişimi teşvik etme şeklindeki mekanizmaları kullanmaktadır. Günümüzde üzerinde en fazla araştırma yapılan konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte çok sayıda ticari preparat geliştirilip, bitki patolenlerine karşı kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, Trichoderma’nın bitki hastalıklarıyla mücadeledeki önemi, antagonistik özellikleri, etki mekanizmaları üzerinde durulmuş ve bu konu ile ilgili Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da yapılan bazı çalışmalardan örnekler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik mücadele, bitki patojenleri, Trichoderma spp

Kaynakça

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