Bazı Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Ekotiplerindeki Moleküler Farklılıkların RAPD İşaretleyicileri Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 7 - 15, 01.03.2014

M. M. Ertuş C. O. Sabancı S. Şensoy

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.235910

Öz

The relationships among total 76 ecotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), 70 landraces and 6 cultivars, collected in Van and neighboring provinces were investigated. The experiment was established as an augmented design in 2009. In the molecular method, seventeen RAPD primers were used and 106 polymorphic bands were obtained. The genetic distances between the ecotypes were expressed by Euclidean coefficients. The genetic variation among alfalfa ecotypes was examined in 16 groups based on the localities, landraces and check cultivars. The highest genetic variations and polymorphisms were found in Ercis and Gurpinar localities H = 0.179, I = 0.277, H = 0.173, I = 0.267 and 62.26%, 59.43%, respectively. As a result, high genetic diversity was found out among the ecotypes and cultivars of allogamous Medicago sativa L.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alfalfa, Diversity, Medicago sativa, RAPD

The Determination of Moleculer Diversity Among Some Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Ecotypes Using RAPD Markers

Öz

Van ili ve çevre illerden toplanan 70 adet yonca (Medicago sativa L.) ekotipi ile 6 tescilli çeşit olmak üzere toplam 76 genotip arasındaki akrabalık ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi çalışması yürütülmüştür. Deneme augmented deseninde 2009 yılında kurulmuştur. Moleküler yöntem ile on yedi adet RAPD primerleri kullanılmış ve 106 polimorfik bant elde edilmiştir. Ekotipler arasındaki genetik uzaklıklar Öklid katsayısı yardımıyla belirlenmiştir. Yonca ekotiplerinin toplandığı bölgelere göre, ayrıca yerel çeşit olarak ve tescilli çeşitler olmak üzere toplam 16 grup altında genetik varyasyonu incelenmiştir. En yüksek genetik varyasyon, ekotip sayısı fazla olan Erciş ve Gürpınar bölgelerindeki ekotipler içerisinde sırasıyla H = 0.179, I = 0.277, H = 0.173, I = 0.267 ve polimorfizm %62.26, %59.43 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçta yabancı döllenen Medicago sativa’nın ekotip ve çeşitler arasında yüksek genetik çeşitliliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yonca, Çeşitlilik, Medicago sativa, RAPD

Kaynakça

• Alınca S (2008). Determination of molecular characterizaction, with morphological taits and adaptations of button medic (Medicago orbicularis) collected from Southeastern Turkey. Dicle Üniversitesi Fen ilimleri Enstitüsü. Diyarbakır.
• Avcıoglu R, Soya H (1977). Yonca Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Zootekni Der. Yay. No: 4. Bilgehan Matb, Bornova, İzmir
• Bonnin I, Huguet T, Gherardi M, Prosperi JM, Olivieri I (1996). High level of polymorphism and spatial strukture in aselfing plant species, Medicago truncatula (Leguminosae), shown using RAPD markers. American Journual of Botany, 83(7): 843-855.
• Crochemore ML, Huyghe C, Kerlan MC, Durand F, Julier B (1996). Partitioning and distribution of RAPD vaiation in a set of populations of the Medicago sativa complex. Elsevier/ INRA Agronomie, 16: 421-432.
• Dehghan-Shoar M, Hampton JG, Gardiner SE (1997). Genetic analysis among and within populations forming ecotypes and cultivar of alfalfa, Medicago sativa (Leguminosae), using RAPD fragments. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 208:107-119.
• Demir R, Yılmaz H, Maskan M (2006). The Determanition of Protein Levels of Same Medicago L. Species Which were Grown in the Neighbourhood of Diyarbakır D.Ü.Ziya Gökalp Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi 7, 73-78
• Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure from small quantities of fresh leaf tissues. Phytochem. Bull. 19: 11-15.
• Gherardi M, Mangin B, Goffinet B, Bonnet D, Huguet T (1998). A method to measure genetik distance between allogamous populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using RAPD moleculer markers. Theor. Appl. Genetics, 96: 406-412.
• Jenczewski E, Prosperi MJ, Ronfort J (1999). Differation between natural and cultivated populations of Medicago sativa (Leguminosae) from Spain: Analysis with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and comparison to allozymes. Molecular Ecology, 8 : 1317-1330.
• Labate JA (2000). Software for population genetic analyses of molecular marker data. Crop. Sci., 40:1521-1528.
• Mengoni A, Gori A, Bazzicalupo M (2000). Use of RAPD and microsatellite(SSR) variation to ases genetic relationships among populations of tetraploid alfalfa, Medicago sativa. Plant Breeding, 119: 311-317.
• Michaud R, Lehman WF, Runbaugh MD (1988). World distribution and historical development. In Hanson AA, Barnes DK, Hill RR (eds) ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, pp Agronomy, Series of Monographs 29:25-91.
• Nei M (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 70: 3321-3323.
• Özcan S, Gürel E, Babaoglu M (2004). Bitki Biyoteknolojisi. S.Ü. Vakfı Yayınları. Konya. 456.
• Paredes M, Becerra V, Rojo C, Del Pozo A, Ovalle C, Aronson J (2002). Ecotypic differentiation in Medicago polymorpha L. along an environmental gradient in central Chile. RAPDs studies show little genetic divergence. Euphtica, 123:431-439.
• Petolescu C, Nedelea G (2009). Genetic Diversity Analysis of the In Vitro Regenerated Alfalfa Plants Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers. Romainan Biotechnological Letters.14.6:4882-4886
• Rohlf FJ (1997). NTSYS-Pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Exeter Software, New York.
• Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana
• Sensoy S, Buyukalaca S, Abak K. (2007). Evaluation of genetic diversity in Turkish melons (Cucumis melo L.) based on phenotypic characters and RAPD markers , Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution , 54 : 1351-1365.
• Şakiroğlu M, İlhan D, Mavioğlu Kaya M, Demirözoğul O, Uluçay O, Eren B (2011). Moleküler Veriler Işığında Medicago sativa L. Tür Kompleksinin Mevcut Durumu. Kafkas Üniv Fen Bil Enst Derg.4(1):32-42, 2011
• Touil L, Guesmi F, Fares K, Ferchichi A (2008). Genetic diversity of some Mediterranean populations of the cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using ISSR markers. Biotechnology, 7 (4): 808-812. Tucak M, Popovic S, Cupic T, Grljusic S, Bolaric S, Kozumplik V (2008). Genetic diversity of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) estimated by molecular markers and morphological characters. Periodicum Biologorum, 110 (3): 243-249.
• Ünverdi MA (2007). Research on the determination of morphological and molecular diversity among some vetch (Vicia sativa L.) cultivars registered in Turkey. Cukurova Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
• Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TB J, Ye ZH, Mao JK (1997). POPGENE, the User Friendly Shareware for Population Genetic Analysis. University of Alberta, Canada. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre.
• Yu K, Pauls KP (1993). Rapid estimation of genetic relatedness among heterogeneous population of alfalfa by random amplification of bulked genomic DNA samples. Theor Appl Genet (1993) 86:788-794