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Ülkemizde Domateslerde Görülen Yeni Bir Viral Etmen: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 300 - 307, 31.05.2016

Öz

Ülkemiz dünyada en büyük domates üreticisi ülkelerden birisi konumundadır. Domateslerde enfeksiyon oluşturan çok sayıda viral etmen bulunmakta olup, yeni viral hastalık etmenleri de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda dünya çapında domates üretiminde en önemli viral etmen olarak ortaya çıkan ve hızla yayılış gösteren virüslerin başında Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) gelmektedir. Domates bitkilerinde şiddetli sarılık şeklinde simptomlara neden olan PepMV, son yıllarda ülkemizde Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde domates üretim seralarında da tespit edilmiştir. PepMV, ilk olarak 1974 yılında Peru’da pepino bitkisinde saptanmıştır. Konukçuları genellikle Solanaceae familyasına ait bitkilerle sınırlı olan virüs, domates bitkisinde ilk olarak 1999 yılında Hollanda’da saptanırken, daha sonraki yıllarda diğer birçok Avrupa ülkesinde salgınlar oluşturduğu rapor edilmiştir. Virüs mekanik olarak etkili şekilde taşınabilmekte olup, ayrıca tohum, Olpidium virulentus, Macrolophus caliginosus ve hidroponik sistemlerde de taşınabilmektedir. PepMV özellikle serada yetiştirilen domateslerde %40’lara varan oranlarda önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda dünya çapında verim ve kalite kayıplarından dolayı, PepMV en önemli domates patojenleri arasında yer almaktadır.  Bu makalede, PepMV’nin morfolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri, konukçuları, belirtileri, coğrafi dağılımı, taşınma yolları ve mücadelesi konusunda bilgiler verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Bar-Joseph M, Brunt AA, Candresse T, Foster GD, Martelli GP, Milne RG, Fauquet CM (2004). The new plant virus family Flexiviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation. Arch. Virol. 149: 1045-1060.
  • Aguilar JM, Hernandez-Gallardo MD, Cenis JL, Lacasa A, Aranda MA (2002). Complete sequence of the Pepino mosaic virus RNA genome. Arch. Virol. 147: 2009-2015.
  • Alfaro-Fernandez A, Cordoba-selles MDC, Herrera-Vasquez JA, Cebrian MDC, Jorda C (2010). Transmission of Pepino mosaic virus by the fungal vector Olpidium virulentus. J. Phytopath. 158: 217-226.
  • Cevik B, Erkiş G (2007). First report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Turkey. New Dis. Report. 16: 18.
  • Cordoba MC, Martinez-Priego L, Jorda C (2004). New natural hosts of Pepino mosaic virus in Spain. Plant Dis. 88: 906.
  • Cordoba-Selles MC, Garcia-Randez A, Alfaro-Fernandez A, Jorda-Gutierrez C (2007). Seed transmission of Pepino mosaic virus and efficacy of tomato seed disinfection treatments. Plant Dis. 91: 1250-1254.
  • Cotillon AC, Girard M, Ducouret S (2002). Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of a French isolate of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Arch. Virol. 147: 2231-2238.
  • Erkan S, Turkileri S, Gumus M (1995). The investigations on the inhibition of Tomato mosaic virus and Potato virus X infections by certain plant extracts. In: Proceedings of 7th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, September 26-29, Adana, Turkey, pp. 366-370.
  • EPPO (2013). Pepino mosaic virus. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 43: 94-104.
  • EPPO (2015). Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV0). New PQR database. Paris, France: http://newpqr.eppo.int
  • FAO (2014). http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2015)
  • Fakhro A, Paschek U, Bargen SV, Buttner C, Schwarz D (2005). Distribution and spread of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in tomatoes cultivated in a re-circulating hydroponic system. In Symposium Proceedings, Plant protection and plant health in Europe: introduction and spread of invasive species, June 9–11 Berlin, Germany, pp. 223–224.
  • Fakhro A, von Bargen S, Bandte M, Buttner C, Franken P, Schwarz D (2011). Susceptibility of different plant species and tomato cultivars to two isolates of Pepino mosaic virus. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129: 579–590.
  • Ferguson G (2001). Management of Pepino mosaic virus in greenhouse tomatoes. Available online at http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/facts/01-017.htm
  • Fidan U (1995). Virus diseases of vegetables in Greenhouses in İzmir and Muğla. J. Turk. Phytopath. 24: 7-14.
  • French CJ, Bouthillier M, Bernardy M, Ferguson G, Sabourin M, Johnson RC, Masters C, Godkin S, Mumford R (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in Canada and the United States. Plant Dis. 85: 1121.
  • Gomez P, Sempere RN, Aranda MA (2012). Pepino mosaic virus and Tomato torrado virus: Emerging viruses affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean basin. Adv. Virus Res. 84: 505–532.
  • Guldur ME, Yilmaz MA (1995). Virus diseases of tomato in Sanliurfa province. In: Symposium for plant protection problems and their solutions in GAP region of Turkey. April 27-29, Sanliurfa, Turkey, pp. 251-256.
  • Guldur ME, Yilmaz MA (1998). A new virus destructive on tomatoes grown in Sanliurfa. In: 8th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, September 21-25, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 356-360.
  • Hanssen IM, Paeleman A, Wittemans L, Goen K, Lievens B, Bragard C, Vanachter ACRC, Thomma BPHJ (2008). Ge¬netic characterization of Pepino mosaic virus isolates from Belgian greenhouse tomatoes reveals genetic recombina¬tion. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 121: 131-146.
  • Hanssen IM, Paeleman A, Vandewoestijne E, Van Bergen L, Bragard C, Lievens B, Vanachter ACRC, Thomma BPHJ (2009). Pepino mosaic virus isolates and differential symptomatology in tomato. Plant Pathol. 58: 450-460.
  • Hanssen IM, Lapidot M, Thomma BPHJ (2010a). Emerging viral diseases of tomato crops. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 539-548.
  • Hanssen IM, Mumford R, Blystad DG, Cortez I, Hasiow-Jaro¬szewska B, Dimitrinka H, Pagan I, Pereira AM, Peters J, Pospieszny H, Ravnikar M, Stijger I, Tomassoli L, Varve¬ri C, van der Vlugt R, Nielsen SL (2010b). Seed transmis¬sion of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126: 145-152.
  • Hanssen IM, Thomma B (2010). Pepino mosaic virus: A successful pathogen that rapidly evolved from emerging to endemic in tomato crops. Mol. Plant Path. 11: 179-189.
  • Hanssen IM, van Esse HP, Ballester AR, Hogewoning SW, Parra NO, Paeleman A, Lievens B, Bovy AG, Thomma BPHJ (2011). Differential tomato transcriptomic responses induced by Pepino mosaic virus isolates with differential aggressiveness. Plant Phys. 156: 301-318.
  • Hasiow-Jaroszewska B, Borodynko N, Jackowiak P, Figlerowicz M, Pospieszny H (2010). Pepino mosaic virus - A pathogen of tomato crops in Poland: Biology, evolution and diagnostics. J. Plant Protect. Res. 50: 470-476.
  • Jones RAC, Koenig R, Lesemann DE (1980). Pepino mosaic virus, a new potexvirus from pepino (Solanum muricatum). Ann. App. Biol. 94: 61-68.
  • Jorda C, Lazaro Perez A, Martinez PV, Lacasa A (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus on natural hosts. Plant Dis. 85: 1292.
  • Klapwijk J, Stijger CCMM (2000). Over dracht pepino mozaïek virus door wittevlieg en Macrolophus. Groente en Fruit/Glasgroenten. 17.
  • Lacasa A, Guerrero MM, Hita I, Martinez MA, Jorda C, Bielza P, Contreras J, Alcazar A, Cano A (2003). Implication of bumble bees (Bombus spp.) on Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) spread on tomato crops. Plagas. 29: 393-403.
  • Ling KS (2008). Pepino mosaic virus on tomato seed: Virus location and mechanical transmission. Plant Dis. 92: 1701-1705.
  • Ling KS, Wintermantel WM, Bledsoe M (2008). Genetic composition of Pepino mosaic virus population in North American greenhouse tomatoes. Plant Dis. 92: 1683-1688.
  • Lopez C, Soler S, Nuez F (2005). Comparison of the complete se¬quences of three different isolates of Pepino mosaic virus: Size variability of the TGBp3 protein between tomato and L. peruvianum isolates. Arch. Virol. 150: 619-627.
  • Maroon-Lango CJ, Guaragna MA, Jordan RL, Hammond J, Bandla M, Marquardt SK (2005). Two unique US isolates of Pepino mosaic virus from a limited source of pooled tomato tissue are distinct from a third (EU like) US isolate. Arch. Virol. 150: 1187-1201.
  • Mathioudakis MM, Veiga R, Ghita M, Tsikou D, Medina V, Canto T, Makris AM, Livieratos IC (2012). Pepino mosaic virus capsid protein interacts with a tomato heat shock protein cognate 70. Virus Res. 163: 28-39.
  • Mumford RA, Metcalfe EJ (2001). The partial sequencing of the genomic RNA of a UK isolate of Pepino mosaic virus and the comparison of the coat protein sequence with other isolates from Europe and Peru. Arch. Virol. 146: 2455-2460.
  • Ozdemir S (2010). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in Tomato in Turkey. J. Plant Pathol. 92: S4.107-S4.122.
  • Ozgoz A, Baykal N, Erkan S (1995). Studies on determination and incidence of tomato virus diseases in Bursa province. In: 7th Turkish Phytopathology, September 26-29, Adana, Turkey, pp. 256-259.
  • Pagan I, Cordoba-Selles M, Martinez-Priego L, Fraile A, Malpica J, Jorda C, Garcia-Arenal F (2006). Genetic structure of the population of Pepino mosaic virus infecting tomato crops in Spain. Phytopath. 96: 274-279.
  • Roggero P, Masenga V, Lenz R, Coghe F, Ena S, Winter S (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato in Italy. Plant Pathol. 50: 798.
  • Salomone A, Roggero P (2002). Host range, seed transmission and detection by ELISA and lateral flow of an Italian isolate of Pepino mosaic virus. J. Plant Pathol. 84: 65-68.
  • Sevik MA, Arli-Sokmen M (2012). Estimation of the effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on some yield components of tomato. Phytoparasitica. 40: 87-93.
  • Shipp JL, Buitenhuis R, Stobbs L, Wang K, Kim WS, Ferguson G (2008). Vectoring of Pepino mosaic virus by bumble-bees in tomato greenhouses. Ann. App. Biol. 153: 149-155.
  • Soler S, Lopez C, Nuez F (2005). Natural occurrence of viruses in Lycopersicon spp in Ecuador. Plant Dis. 89: 1244.
  • Spence NJ, Basham J, Mumford RA, Hayman G, Edmondson R, Jones DR (2006). Effect of Pepino mosaic virus on the yield and quality of glasshouse-grown tomatoes in the UK. Plant Pathol. 55: 595-606.
  • TurkStat (2014). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Erişim Adresi: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • Van der Vlugt RA, Stijger CM, Verhoeven JTJ, Lesemann DE (2000). First report of Pepino mosaic virus on tomato. Plant Dis. 84: 103-103.
  • Yardımcı N, Çulal-Kılıç H, Urgen G (2014). Three emerging viruses affecting greenhouse tomato crops in West Mediterranean Region of Turkey: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus (TYLCV). In: 66. International Symposium on Crop Protection. May 20, Gent, Belgium, pp. 180-180.
  • Yilmaz MA, Davis RF (1985). Identification of viruses infecting vegetable crops along the Mediterranean Sea coast in Turkey. J. Turk. Phytopath. 14: 1-8.

Emerging Virus Affecting Tomato Crops in Turkey: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 300 - 307, 31.05.2016

Öz

Turkey is one of the biggest tomato producers around the world. Many viruses have been reported to infect tomato plants, while new viral diseases keep emerging. Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a rapidly emerging virus which has established itself as one of the most important viral diseases in tomato production worldwide over recent years. Recently, PepMV infections causing severe yellowing symptoms in tomato plants have also been reported in glasshouse tomato crops in West Mediterranean Region of Turkey. PepMV was initially described as causal agent of a viral disease of pepino in Peru (1974). Its host range is mainly limited to plant species within the family Solanaceae. In 1999, the virus was detected in tomato in the Netherlands. Subsequently, outbreaks of the disease were reported in many other European countries. PepMV is transmitted efficiently through contact. It can also be transmitted by conventional means, such as the hydroponic systems, seed, Olpidium virulentus, and the bug Macrolophus caliginosus. PepMV causes severe yield loss (up to 40%) and economic damage in glasshouse-grown tomatoes. Because of the effects on quality and yield, PepMV is rapidly becoming one of the most important tomato pathogens worldwide over the recent years. In this paper, we review the current status of PepMV epidemics and the morphology and biology, host range, symptoms, geographical distribution, means of movement, control of PepMV.

Kaynakça

  • Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Bar-Joseph M, Brunt AA, Candresse T, Foster GD, Martelli GP, Milne RG, Fauquet CM (2004). The new plant virus family Flexiviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation. Arch. Virol. 149: 1045-1060.
  • Aguilar JM, Hernandez-Gallardo MD, Cenis JL, Lacasa A, Aranda MA (2002). Complete sequence of the Pepino mosaic virus RNA genome. Arch. Virol. 147: 2009-2015.
  • Alfaro-Fernandez A, Cordoba-selles MDC, Herrera-Vasquez JA, Cebrian MDC, Jorda C (2010). Transmission of Pepino mosaic virus by the fungal vector Olpidium virulentus. J. Phytopath. 158: 217-226.
  • Cevik B, Erkiş G (2007). First report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Turkey. New Dis. Report. 16: 18.
  • Cordoba MC, Martinez-Priego L, Jorda C (2004). New natural hosts of Pepino mosaic virus in Spain. Plant Dis. 88: 906.
  • Cordoba-Selles MC, Garcia-Randez A, Alfaro-Fernandez A, Jorda-Gutierrez C (2007). Seed transmission of Pepino mosaic virus and efficacy of tomato seed disinfection treatments. Plant Dis. 91: 1250-1254.
  • Cotillon AC, Girard M, Ducouret S (2002). Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of a French isolate of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Arch. Virol. 147: 2231-2238.
  • Erkan S, Turkileri S, Gumus M (1995). The investigations on the inhibition of Tomato mosaic virus and Potato virus X infections by certain plant extracts. In: Proceedings of 7th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, September 26-29, Adana, Turkey, pp. 366-370.
  • EPPO (2013). Pepino mosaic virus. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 43: 94-104.
  • EPPO (2015). Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV0). New PQR database. Paris, France: http://newpqr.eppo.int
  • FAO (2014). http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2015)
  • Fakhro A, Paschek U, Bargen SV, Buttner C, Schwarz D (2005). Distribution and spread of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in tomatoes cultivated in a re-circulating hydroponic system. In Symposium Proceedings, Plant protection and plant health in Europe: introduction and spread of invasive species, June 9–11 Berlin, Germany, pp. 223–224.
  • Fakhro A, von Bargen S, Bandte M, Buttner C, Franken P, Schwarz D (2011). Susceptibility of different plant species and tomato cultivars to two isolates of Pepino mosaic virus. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129: 579–590.
  • Ferguson G (2001). Management of Pepino mosaic virus in greenhouse tomatoes. Available online at http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/facts/01-017.htm
  • Fidan U (1995). Virus diseases of vegetables in Greenhouses in İzmir and Muğla. J. Turk. Phytopath. 24: 7-14.
  • French CJ, Bouthillier M, Bernardy M, Ferguson G, Sabourin M, Johnson RC, Masters C, Godkin S, Mumford R (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in Canada and the United States. Plant Dis. 85: 1121.
  • Gomez P, Sempere RN, Aranda MA (2012). Pepino mosaic virus and Tomato torrado virus: Emerging viruses affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean basin. Adv. Virus Res. 84: 505–532.
  • Guldur ME, Yilmaz MA (1995). Virus diseases of tomato in Sanliurfa province. In: Symposium for plant protection problems and their solutions in GAP region of Turkey. April 27-29, Sanliurfa, Turkey, pp. 251-256.
  • Guldur ME, Yilmaz MA (1998). A new virus destructive on tomatoes grown in Sanliurfa. In: 8th Turkish Phytopathology Congress, September 21-25, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 356-360.
  • Hanssen IM, Paeleman A, Wittemans L, Goen K, Lievens B, Bragard C, Vanachter ACRC, Thomma BPHJ (2008). Ge¬netic characterization of Pepino mosaic virus isolates from Belgian greenhouse tomatoes reveals genetic recombina¬tion. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 121: 131-146.
  • Hanssen IM, Paeleman A, Vandewoestijne E, Van Bergen L, Bragard C, Lievens B, Vanachter ACRC, Thomma BPHJ (2009). Pepino mosaic virus isolates and differential symptomatology in tomato. Plant Pathol. 58: 450-460.
  • Hanssen IM, Lapidot M, Thomma BPHJ (2010a). Emerging viral diseases of tomato crops. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 539-548.
  • Hanssen IM, Mumford R, Blystad DG, Cortez I, Hasiow-Jaro¬szewska B, Dimitrinka H, Pagan I, Pereira AM, Peters J, Pospieszny H, Ravnikar M, Stijger I, Tomassoli L, Varve¬ri C, van der Vlugt R, Nielsen SL (2010b). Seed transmis¬sion of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126: 145-152.
  • Hanssen IM, Thomma B (2010). Pepino mosaic virus: A successful pathogen that rapidly evolved from emerging to endemic in tomato crops. Mol. Plant Path. 11: 179-189.
  • Hanssen IM, van Esse HP, Ballester AR, Hogewoning SW, Parra NO, Paeleman A, Lievens B, Bovy AG, Thomma BPHJ (2011). Differential tomato transcriptomic responses induced by Pepino mosaic virus isolates with differential aggressiveness. Plant Phys. 156: 301-318.
  • Hasiow-Jaroszewska B, Borodynko N, Jackowiak P, Figlerowicz M, Pospieszny H (2010). Pepino mosaic virus - A pathogen of tomato crops in Poland: Biology, evolution and diagnostics. J. Plant Protect. Res. 50: 470-476.
  • Jones RAC, Koenig R, Lesemann DE (1980). Pepino mosaic virus, a new potexvirus from pepino (Solanum muricatum). Ann. App. Biol. 94: 61-68.
  • Jorda C, Lazaro Perez A, Martinez PV, Lacasa A (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus on natural hosts. Plant Dis. 85: 1292.
  • Klapwijk J, Stijger CCMM (2000). Over dracht pepino mozaïek virus door wittevlieg en Macrolophus. Groente en Fruit/Glasgroenten. 17.
  • Lacasa A, Guerrero MM, Hita I, Martinez MA, Jorda C, Bielza P, Contreras J, Alcazar A, Cano A (2003). Implication of bumble bees (Bombus spp.) on Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) spread on tomato crops. Plagas. 29: 393-403.
  • Ling KS (2008). Pepino mosaic virus on tomato seed: Virus location and mechanical transmission. Plant Dis. 92: 1701-1705.
  • Ling KS, Wintermantel WM, Bledsoe M (2008). Genetic composition of Pepino mosaic virus population in North American greenhouse tomatoes. Plant Dis. 92: 1683-1688.
  • Lopez C, Soler S, Nuez F (2005). Comparison of the complete se¬quences of three different isolates of Pepino mosaic virus: Size variability of the TGBp3 protein between tomato and L. peruvianum isolates. Arch. Virol. 150: 619-627.
  • Maroon-Lango CJ, Guaragna MA, Jordan RL, Hammond J, Bandla M, Marquardt SK (2005). Two unique US isolates of Pepino mosaic virus from a limited source of pooled tomato tissue are distinct from a third (EU like) US isolate. Arch. Virol. 150: 1187-1201.
  • Mathioudakis MM, Veiga R, Ghita M, Tsikou D, Medina V, Canto T, Makris AM, Livieratos IC (2012). Pepino mosaic virus capsid protein interacts with a tomato heat shock protein cognate 70. Virus Res. 163: 28-39.
  • Mumford RA, Metcalfe EJ (2001). The partial sequencing of the genomic RNA of a UK isolate of Pepino mosaic virus and the comparison of the coat protein sequence with other isolates from Europe and Peru. Arch. Virol. 146: 2455-2460.
  • Ozdemir S (2010). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in Tomato in Turkey. J. Plant Pathol. 92: S4.107-S4.122.
  • Ozgoz A, Baykal N, Erkan S (1995). Studies on determination and incidence of tomato virus diseases in Bursa province. In: 7th Turkish Phytopathology, September 26-29, Adana, Turkey, pp. 256-259.
  • Pagan I, Cordoba-Selles M, Martinez-Priego L, Fraile A, Malpica J, Jorda C, Garcia-Arenal F (2006). Genetic structure of the population of Pepino mosaic virus infecting tomato crops in Spain. Phytopath. 96: 274-279.
  • Roggero P, Masenga V, Lenz R, Coghe F, Ena S, Winter S (2001). First report of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato in Italy. Plant Pathol. 50: 798.
  • Salomone A, Roggero P (2002). Host range, seed transmission and detection by ELISA and lateral flow of an Italian isolate of Pepino mosaic virus. J. Plant Pathol. 84: 65-68.
  • Sevik MA, Arli-Sokmen M (2012). Estimation of the effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on some yield components of tomato. Phytoparasitica. 40: 87-93.
  • Shipp JL, Buitenhuis R, Stobbs L, Wang K, Kim WS, Ferguson G (2008). Vectoring of Pepino mosaic virus by bumble-bees in tomato greenhouses. Ann. App. Biol. 153: 149-155.
  • Soler S, Lopez C, Nuez F (2005). Natural occurrence of viruses in Lycopersicon spp in Ecuador. Plant Dis. 89: 1244.
  • Spence NJ, Basham J, Mumford RA, Hayman G, Edmondson R, Jones DR (2006). Effect of Pepino mosaic virus on the yield and quality of glasshouse-grown tomatoes in the UK. Plant Pathol. 55: 595-606.
  • TurkStat (2014). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Erişim Adresi: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • Van der Vlugt RA, Stijger CM, Verhoeven JTJ, Lesemann DE (2000). First report of Pepino mosaic virus on tomato. Plant Dis. 84: 103-103.
  • Yardımcı N, Çulal-Kılıç H, Urgen G (2014). Three emerging viruses affecting greenhouse tomato crops in West Mediterranean Region of Turkey: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus (TYLCV). In: 66. International Symposium on Crop Protection. May 20, Gent, Belgium, pp. 180-180.
  • Yilmaz MA, Davis RF (1985). Identification of viruses infecting vegetable crops along the Mediterranean Sea coast in Turkey. J. Turk. Phytopath. 14: 1-8.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ali Şevik

İlyas Deligöz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şevik, M. A., & Deligöz, İ. (2016). Emerging Virus Affecting Tomato Crops in Turkey: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(2), 300-307.

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