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Pamuk Tarımında Tapan Geçiş Sayısının Toprağın Fiziksel Özellikleri, Bitki Gelişimi ve Yabancı Ot Türlerine Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 145 - 151, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.475001

Öz





Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
tarımında, toprağın fazla gevşek olması, tohumun toprakla temasını azalttığı
için bitkinin çimlenmesi ve çıkışında düşüşlere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bitki
çıkış oranını ve gelişimini artırmak için ekim öncesi tarlaya en az 2-3 kez
tapan çekilerek, toprak bastırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tapanın farklı geçiş
sayılarının, toprağın hacim ağırlığı, nem içeriği ve tohum çıkış oranına
etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada yabancı ot türleri ve
bitki gelişim parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Beş farklı tapan geçiş sayısının
(P0, kontrol; P1, tapanın bir defa geçişi; P2, tapanın iki defa geçişi; P3,
tapanın üç defa geçişi; P4, tapanın dört defa geçişi) denendiği çalışma,
tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.
Çalışmanın sonuçları, tapan geçiş sayısındaki artışın, toprak hacim ağırlığı ve
nem içeriğinde artış meydana getirdiğini, fakat bitki çıkış oranını ve SPAD değerini
önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir. En yüksek bitkideki kütlü pamuk verimi,
P1 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, tapan geçiş sayısının, deneme
alanındaki yabancı ot tür sayısını da önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür.
Kontrol parsellerindeki yabancı ot tür sayısının daha yüksek olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu denemenin sonuçları, ekim derinliğindeki
toprağın nem içeriğini olumlu yönde etkilemesine rağmen, aynı iklim ve toprak
koşullarında tapanın birden fazla geçiş sayısının bitki çıkış ve veriminde
düşüşlere neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. 





Kaynakça

  • Berti MT, Johnson BL, Robert AH (2008). Seeding depth and soil packing affect pure live seed emergence of cuphea. Industrial Crops and Products. 27: 272–278.
  • Bewley JD, Bradford KJ, Hilhorst HWM, Nonogaki H (2013). Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy. 3rd ed. New York: Springer, pp 392.
  • Chen G, Weil RR, Hill RL (2014). Effects of compaction and cover crops on soil least limiting water range and air permeability. Soil Till. Res. 136, 61-69.
  • Falkoski Filho J, Batista I, Rosolem CA (2013). Sensitivity of cotton cultivars to soil compaction. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 34: 3645–3654.
  • Gemtos TA, Lellis T (1997). Effects of soil compaction, water and organic matter contents on emergence and initial plant growth of cotton and sugar beet. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 66(2): 121-134.
  • Hanks RJ, Thorp EC (1956). Seedling emergence of wheat as related to soil moisture content, bulk density, oxygen diffusion rate and crust strength. Soil Sci. Soc. American Proceedings 20:307-310
  • Hultgreen GE, Kushwaha RL, Foster RK, Fowler DB (1990). Designing a suitable packer for air seeders. Proc. Air Seeding’90, Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
  • Johnston AM, Lafond GP, May WE, Hnatowich GL, Hultgreen GE (2003). Opener, packer wheel and packing force effects on crop emergence and yield of direct seeded wheat, canola and field peas. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 129–139.
  • Dias PP, Secco D, Santos RF, Bassegio D, Santos FS, Silva PRA, Sousa SFG, Correia TPS (2015). Soil compaction and drought stress on shoot and root growth in crambe (Crambe abyssinica). AJCS 9(5):378-383
  • Li PC, Dong HL, Liu AZ, Liu JR, Sun M, Wang GP, Zhang SP, Li YB, Mao SC (2014). Diagnosis of Premature Senescence of Cotton Using SPAD Value. Agricultural Sci. 5, 992-999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.511107
  • Lipiec J, Stcpniewski W (1995). Effects of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients. Soil Tillage Res.35:37-52.
  • Mamman E, Ohu JO (1998). The effect of tractor traffic on air permeability and millet production in a sandy loam soil in Nigeria. Ife J. Tech. 8(1): 1-7.
  • Montemayor MB (1995). The effect of soil compaction during planting on cotton emergence. Journal of Agric. Eng. Res. 61:129-136.
  • Parlak M, Özaslan Parlak A (2011). Effect of soil compaction on root growth and nutrient uptake of forage crops. Journal of Food, Agric. Env. 9 (3-4): 275 – 278.
  • Sadras VO, O’Leary GJ, Roget DK (2005). Crop responses to compacted soil: capture and efficiency in the use of water and radiation. Field Crops Res. 91 (2–3): 131-148.
  • Silva SD, Alves JM, Mesquita GM, Leandro WM (2012). Effect of soil compaction on shoot and root development of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst). Gl Sci Technol 5: 87–97.
  • Smet SDE, Damme PV, Scheldeman X, Romero J. (1999). Seed structure and germination of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.). Acta Horticulturae, The Hague, 497: 269-278.
  • Tong J, Zhang Q, Guo L, Chang Y, Guo Y, Zhu F, Chen D, Liu X (2015). Compaction performance of biomimetic press roller to soil. Journal of Bionic Eng. 12:152–159
  • Uremis I (2005). Determination of weed species and their frequency and density in olive groves in Hatay province of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biolo. Sci.8(1):164-167

The Effects of the Pass Number of the Planker on Soil Physical Properties, Plant Growth and Weed Species in Cotton Agriculture

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 145 - 151, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.475001

Öz



In
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) agriculture, very loose soil results in
reduced seed emergence and stand establishment because the contact between soil
and seed is deficient. Therefore, the use of a planker before planting may help
firm seedbeds and improve stand establishment. The objective of this study is
to determine the effects of different pass numbers of the planker on soil bulk
density, moisture content and cotton seed emergence. Also, weed species and
plant growth parameters were determined in the study. The five treatments
including different soil planking levels (P0, untreated control; P1, one pass
of planker; P2, two passes of planker; P3, three passes of planker; P4, four
passes of planker) was compared by using completely randomized block design
with three replications. The results of the study indicated that while the soil
bulk density and moisture content was increased with increasing the pass number
of planker, multi-pass of planker significantly reduced seed emergence rate and
SPAD value. The highest seed cotton yield per plant was found at P1 (one pass
of planker) treatment. Also, soil planking levels affected the weed species and
the density of this species. Control plots (P0) had higher weeds species than other
treatments.  In conclusion, the findings
of this research suggest that multi-pass of planker may reduce seed emergence
and cotton yield although it increases the moisture content at 0-10 cm soil
depth which has positive effect on seed emergence, under the soil and climate
conditions like the experimental field.

Kaynakça

  • Berti MT, Johnson BL, Robert AH (2008). Seeding depth and soil packing affect pure live seed emergence of cuphea. Industrial Crops and Products. 27: 272–278.
  • Bewley JD, Bradford KJ, Hilhorst HWM, Nonogaki H (2013). Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy. 3rd ed. New York: Springer, pp 392.
  • Chen G, Weil RR, Hill RL (2014). Effects of compaction and cover crops on soil least limiting water range and air permeability. Soil Till. Res. 136, 61-69.
  • Falkoski Filho J, Batista I, Rosolem CA (2013). Sensitivity of cotton cultivars to soil compaction. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 34: 3645–3654.
  • Gemtos TA, Lellis T (1997). Effects of soil compaction, water and organic matter contents on emergence and initial plant growth of cotton and sugar beet. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 66(2): 121-134.
  • Hanks RJ, Thorp EC (1956). Seedling emergence of wheat as related to soil moisture content, bulk density, oxygen diffusion rate and crust strength. Soil Sci. Soc. American Proceedings 20:307-310
  • Hultgreen GE, Kushwaha RL, Foster RK, Fowler DB (1990). Designing a suitable packer for air seeders. Proc. Air Seeding’90, Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
  • Johnston AM, Lafond GP, May WE, Hnatowich GL, Hultgreen GE (2003). Opener, packer wheel and packing force effects on crop emergence and yield of direct seeded wheat, canola and field peas. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 129–139.
  • Dias PP, Secco D, Santos RF, Bassegio D, Santos FS, Silva PRA, Sousa SFG, Correia TPS (2015). Soil compaction and drought stress on shoot and root growth in crambe (Crambe abyssinica). AJCS 9(5):378-383
  • Li PC, Dong HL, Liu AZ, Liu JR, Sun M, Wang GP, Zhang SP, Li YB, Mao SC (2014). Diagnosis of Premature Senescence of Cotton Using SPAD Value. Agricultural Sci. 5, 992-999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.511107
  • Lipiec J, Stcpniewski W (1995). Effects of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients. Soil Tillage Res.35:37-52.
  • Mamman E, Ohu JO (1998). The effect of tractor traffic on air permeability and millet production in a sandy loam soil in Nigeria. Ife J. Tech. 8(1): 1-7.
  • Montemayor MB (1995). The effect of soil compaction during planting on cotton emergence. Journal of Agric. Eng. Res. 61:129-136.
  • Parlak M, Özaslan Parlak A (2011). Effect of soil compaction on root growth and nutrient uptake of forage crops. Journal of Food, Agric. Env. 9 (3-4): 275 – 278.
  • Sadras VO, O’Leary GJ, Roget DK (2005). Crop responses to compacted soil: capture and efficiency in the use of water and radiation. Field Crops Res. 91 (2–3): 131-148.
  • Silva SD, Alves JM, Mesquita GM, Leandro WM (2012). Effect of soil compaction on shoot and root development of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst). Gl Sci Technol 5: 87–97.
  • Smet SDE, Damme PV, Scheldeman X, Romero J. (1999). Seed structure and germination of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.). Acta Horticulturae, The Hague, 497: 269-278.
  • Tong J, Zhang Q, Guo L, Chang Y, Guo Y, Zhu F, Chen D, Liu X (2015). Compaction performance of biomimetic press roller to soil. Journal of Bionic Eng. 12:152–159
  • Uremis I (2005). Determination of weed species and their frequency and density in olive groves in Hatay province of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biolo. Sci.8(1):164-167
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Songül Gürsoy 0000-0002-4217-1014

Medet Korkunç

Cumali Özaslan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 23 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürsoy, S., Korkunç, M., & Özaslan, C. (2019). The Effects of the Pass Number of the Planker on Soil Physical Properties, Plant Growth and Weed Species in Cotton Agriculture. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.475001

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