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Effect of Artemisia campestris L. and Artemisia absinthium L. as Feed Additives on Intestine Histomorphology in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 10 - 18, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.422547

Öz

The effects of ethanol extracts of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia campestris L.  on histological alterations of intestinal
tract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
were investigated in this study. Four treatments were designed
including a control and Artemisia species incorporated in the fish feed at 1.0,
2.0 and 3.0 g kg-1 which were administrated for a period of 21 days. The
results suggests that A. absinthium
L. especially at 2.0 and 3.0 g kg-1 presented higher goblet cells, villus
lenght and size compared  to other group
(p<0.05). No change in the intestinal histomorfology of A. campestris L. was observed. Also the chemical composition of
ethanol extract of A. campestris L.
and A. absinthium L. were analyzed by
GC-MS. The major components of A.
campestris
L. were acenaphthylene 1,2–dihydro (62.70%), n-octadecane
(4.66%), capillin (4.95%), curcumene (4.45%), 2.4-pentadiynylbenzene (7.28%),
benzaldehyde (2.53%), methacrolein (1.35%) and the major components of A. absinthium L. were sabinol (42.22%),
chrysanthenylacetate (14.73%), epoxy-ocimene 
(4.97%),  thujone (2.19%),
d-isothujone (3.97%), β selinene (2.60%), hexanal (2.30%),  cymene (1.71%) and benzaldehyde (1.04%).
These results suggested that the chemical ingredients of plants are strongly
correlated with the efficiency on the intestinal morphology in rainbow trout
and A. absinthium L.
administration  to diet may enhance
effectively the intestinal histomorphology in rainbow trout.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M. J., Bedoya, L. M., Apaza, L., & Bermejo, P. (2012). The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules, 17(3), 2542-2566.
  • Anonim. (2018a). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_absinthium. Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2018.
  • Anonim. (2018b). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_campestris. Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2018.
  • Bancroft, J. D., & Stevens, A. (1977). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Longman Inc., 240p, New York.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiye’de Bitkiler İle Tedavi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, s: 353, İstanbul.
  • Baytop, A. (1998). İngilizce-Türkçe Botanik Klavuzu. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Bellomaria, B., Valentini, G., & Biondi, E. (2001). Chemotaxonomy of Artemisia variabilis Ten. and A. campestris L. ssp. glutinosa (Ten.) Briq. et Cavill.(Asteraceae) from Italy. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(2), 90-94.
  • Bora, K. S., & Sharma, A. (2010). Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Artemisia absinthium Linn. and Artemisia asiatica Nakai: a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 3(2), 325-328.
  • Davis, P. H. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol V., Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8-312.
  • Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, A. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. on protection against Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). 7th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, August 31- September 4, Portland, Oregon USA.
  • Diler, Ö., Terzioğlu, S. (2014). The Effects of Artemisia vulgaris L. on nonspecific immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss, Walbaum). 1 st International Symposium and Aquatic Sciences and Technology Aqua Cyprus, 15-17 May, Cyprus.
  • Diler, Ö., Görmez, Ö., Diler, İ., Metin, S. (2015). Effect of Origanum vulgare L. on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shellfish, 7-11 September, Las Palmas, 322.
  • Dimitroglou, A., Merrifield, D. L., Spring, P., Sweetman, J., Moate, R., & Davies, S. J. (2010). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilisation, intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 300(1-4), 182-188.
  • Dorucu, M., Colak, S. O., Ispir, U., Altinterim, B., & Celayir, Y. (2009). The effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, on the immune response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2(1), 27-33.
  • Dügenci, S. K., Arda, N., & Candan, A. (2003). Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 99-106.
  • Goda, A. (2008). Effect of dietary Ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(2), 205-214.
  • Harikrishnan, R., Heo, J., Balasundaram, C., Kim, M. C., Kim, J. S., Han, Y. J., & Heo, M. S. (2010). Effect of traditional Korean medicinal (TKM) triherbal extract on the innate immune system and disease resistance in Paralichthys olivaceus against Uronema marinum. Veterinary Parasitology, 170(1-2), 1-7.
  • Heidarieh, M., Mirvaghefi, A. R., Akbari, M., Farahmand, H., Sheikhzadeh, N., Shahbazfar, A. A., & Behgar, M. (2012). Effect of dietary Ergosan on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology, hematological parameters and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(4), 1169-1174.
  • Heidarieh, M., Mirvaghefi, A. R., Sepahi, A., Sheikhzadeh, N., AliShahbazfar, A., & Akbari, M. (2013). Effects of dietary Aloe vera on growth performance, skin and gastrointestine morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(2), 367-373.
  • Hermann, J. R., Honeyman, M. S., Zimmerman, J. J., Thacker, B. J., Holden, P. J., & Chang, C. C. (2003). Effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on viremia and performance in porcine reptoductive and respiratory syndrome virüs-infected nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 81(9), 2139-2144.
  • Immanuel, G., Uma, R. P., Iyapparaj, P., Citarasu, T., Punitha Peter, S. M., Michael Babu, M., & Palavesam, A. (2009). Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Fish Biology, 74(7), 1462-1475.
  • Keser, O., & Bilal, T. (2008). Beta-glukanın hayvan beslemede bağışıklık sistemi ve performans üzerine etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 107-119.
  • Kordali, S., Kotan, R., Mavi, A., Cakir, A., Ala, A., & Yildirim, A. (2005). Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(24), 9452-9458.
  • Mercier, B., Prost, J., & Prost, M. (2009). The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (α-and β-pinenes): a review. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 22(4), 331-342.
  • Merrifield, D. L., Harper, G. M., Mustafa, S., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., & Davies, S. J. (2011). Effect of dietary alginic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestinal microbial balance, intestinal histology and growth performance. Cell and Tissue Research, 344(1), 135-146.
  • Metin, S., Diler, O., Didinen, B. I., Terzioglu, S., & Gormez, O. (2015). In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Satureja cuneifolia ten essential oil on Saprolegnia parasitica strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) eggs. Aquaculture Research, 46(6), 1396-1402.
  • Mumford, S., Heidel, J., Smith, C., Morrison, J., MacConnell, B., & Blazer, V. (2007). Fish Histology and Histopathology. U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center, 357p.
  • Ngamkala, S., Futami, K., Endo, M., Maita, M., & Katagiri, T. (2010). Immunological effects of glucan and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a probiotic bacterium, on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus intestine with oral Aeromonas challenges. Fisheries Science, 76(5), 833-840.
  • Okmen, G., Ugur, A., Sarac, N., & Arslan, T. (2012). In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activities of some essential oils of Lamiaceae species on Aeromonas salmonicida isolates from cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(15), 2762-2768.
  • Özdamar, K. (2001). Tıp Biyoloji Eczacılık ve Diş Hekimliği Öğrencileri için SPSS ile Biyoistatistik, Kaan Kitabevi, 452s.
  • Seçmen, Ö., Gemici, Y., Görk, G., Bekat, L., Leblebici, E. (2004). Tohumlu Bitkiler Sistematiği. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir, s: 299.
  • Sharopov, F. S., Sulaimonova, V. A., & Setzer, W. N. (2012). Composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium from Tajikistan. Records of Natural Products, 6(2), 127-134.
  • Thummek, P., Aoki, S., & Munglue, P. (2016). Growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) fed diets supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) stamen extract. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 21(2), 18-29.
  • Tunç, K., Konca, T., & Hoş, A. (2013). Punica granatum Linn. (Nar) bitkisinin antibakteriyel etkisinin araştırılması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 167-172.
  • Valladao, G. M., Gallani, S. U., Pala, G., Jesus, R. B., Kotzent, S., Costa, J. C., Silva, T. F. A., & Pilarski, F. (2017). Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture Research, 48(11), 5640-5649.
  • Vechklang, K., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Ponchunchoovong, S., Pirarat, N., & Wanapu, C. (2011). The potential for rice wine residual as an alternative protein source in a practical diet for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at the juvenile stage. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(6), 685-694.
  • Yilmaz, E., Genc, M. A., & Genc, E. (2007). Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on growth, body composition, and intestine and liver histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 59(3), 183-189.
  • Zheng, Q., Wu, Y., & Xu, H. (2015). Effect of dietary oxidized konjac glucomannan on Schizothorax prenanti growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 41(3), 733-743.
  • Zhu, H., Liu, H., Yan, J., Wang, R., & Liu, L. (2012). Effect of yeast polysaccharide on some hematologic parameter and gut morphology in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(5), 1441-1447.

Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Bitkisel Yem Katkı Maddelerinden Artemisia campestris L. ve Artemisia absinthium L’ un Bağırsak Histomorfolojisi Üzerine Etkisi*

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 10 - 18, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.422547

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan Artemisia absinthium L.
ve Artemisia campestris L. etanol ekstraktlarının gökkuşağı alabalıkları
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal sistemdeki histolojik değişimleri
üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla balık yemlerine 1,0, 2,0 ve 3,0 g/kg
oranlarında Artemisia bitki ekstraktı
ilave edilen gruplar ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere 4 farklı grup oluşturulmuştur
ve deneme 21 gün devam etmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarımız, özellikle A. absinthium L. 2,0 ve 3,0 g/kg
gruplarında goblet hücre sayısı, bağırsak boyu ve genişliğinde diğer gruplara
göre artış olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,05). A. campestris L. gruplarında ise bağırsak histomorfolojisinde herhangi bir değişim görülmemiştir. Aynı zamanda A.
absinthium
L. ve A. campestris L. etanol ekstraktlarının GC-MS ile
kimyasal analizi yapılmıştır. Ana bileşenlerin A. campestris L’ de
acenaphthylene 1,2–dihydro (%62,70), n-octadecane (%4,66), capillin (%4.95),
curcumene (%4,45), 2.4-pentadiynylbenzene (%7,28), benzaldehyde (%2,53), methacrolein
(%1,35) ve A. absinthium L’ da sabinol (%42,22), chrysanthenylacetate
(%14,73), epoxy-ocimene  (%4,97),  thujone (%2,19),
d-isothujone (%3,97), β selinene (%2,60), hexanal (%2,30),  cymene
(%1,71) ve benzaldehyde (%1,04) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak
bitkilerin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında intestinal histomorfoloji üzerindeki
etkisinin kimyasal içerikleri ile ilişkili olduğunu ve A. absinthium L’ un gökkuşağı alabalıklarında
intestinal morfoloji üzerinde olumlu etki yapabileceğini göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M. J., Bedoya, L. M., Apaza, L., & Bermejo, P. (2012). The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules, 17(3), 2542-2566.
  • Anonim. (2018a). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_absinthium. Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2018.
  • Anonim. (2018b). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_campestris. Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2018.
  • Bancroft, J. D., & Stevens, A. (1977). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Longman Inc., 240p, New York.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiye’de Bitkiler İle Tedavi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, s: 353, İstanbul.
  • Baytop, A. (1998). İngilizce-Türkçe Botanik Klavuzu. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Bellomaria, B., Valentini, G., & Biondi, E. (2001). Chemotaxonomy of Artemisia variabilis Ten. and A. campestris L. ssp. glutinosa (Ten.) Briq. et Cavill.(Asteraceae) from Italy. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(2), 90-94.
  • Bora, K. S., & Sharma, A. (2010). Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Artemisia absinthium Linn. and Artemisia asiatica Nakai: a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 3(2), 325-328.
  • Davis, P. H. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol V., Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8-312.
  • Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, A. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. on protection against Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). 7th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, August 31- September 4, Portland, Oregon USA.
  • Diler, Ö., Terzioğlu, S. (2014). The Effects of Artemisia vulgaris L. on nonspecific immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss, Walbaum). 1 st International Symposium and Aquatic Sciences and Technology Aqua Cyprus, 15-17 May, Cyprus.
  • Diler, Ö., Görmez, Ö., Diler, İ., Metin, S. (2015). Effect of Origanum vulgare L. on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shellfish, 7-11 September, Las Palmas, 322.
  • Dimitroglou, A., Merrifield, D. L., Spring, P., Sweetman, J., Moate, R., & Davies, S. J. (2010). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilisation, intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 300(1-4), 182-188.
  • Dorucu, M., Colak, S. O., Ispir, U., Altinterim, B., & Celayir, Y. (2009). The effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, on the immune response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2(1), 27-33.
  • Dügenci, S. K., Arda, N., & Candan, A. (2003). Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 99-106.
  • Goda, A. (2008). Effect of dietary Ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(2), 205-214.
  • Harikrishnan, R., Heo, J., Balasundaram, C., Kim, M. C., Kim, J. S., Han, Y. J., & Heo, M. S. (2010). Effect of traditional Korean medicinal (TKM) triherbal extract on the innate immune system and disease resistance in Paralichthys olivaceus against Uronema marinum. Veterinary Parasitology, 170(1-2), 1-7.
  • Heidarieh, M., Mirvaghefi, A. R., Akbari, M., Farahmand, H., Sheikhzadeh, N., Shahbazfar, A. A., & Behgar, M. (2012). Effect of dietary Ergosan on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology, hematological parameters and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(4), 1169-1174.
  • Heidarieh, M., Mirvaghefi, A. R., Sepahi, A., Sheikhzadeh, N., AliShahbazfar, A., & Akbari, M. (2013). Effects of dietary Aloe vera on growth performance, skin and gastrointestine morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(2), 367-373.
  • Hermann, J. R., Honeyman, M. S., Zimmerman, J. J., Thacker, B. J., Holden, P. J., & Chang, C. C. (2003). Effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on viremia and performance in porcine reptoductive and respiratory syndrome virüs-infected nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 81(9), 2139-2144.
  • Immanuel, G., Uma, R. P., Iyapparaj, P., Citarasu, T., Punitha Peter, S. M., Michael Babu, M., & Palavesam, A. (2009). Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Fish Biology, 74(7), 1462-1475.
  • Keser, O., & Bilal, T. (2008). Beta-glukanın hayvan beslemede bağışıklık sistemi ve performans üzerine etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 107-119.
  • Kordali, S., Kotan, R., Mavi, A., Cakir, A., Ala, A., & Yildirim, A. (2005). Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(24), 9452-9458.
  • Mercier, B., Prost, J., & Prost, M. (2009). The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (α-and β-pinenes): a review. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 22(4), 331-342.
  • Merrifield, D. L., Harper, G. M., Mustafa, S., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., & Davies, S. J. (2011). Effect of dietary alginic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestinal microbial balance, intestinal histology and growth performance. Cell and Tissue Research, 344(1), 135-146.
  • Metin, S., Diler, O., Didinen, B. I., Terzioglu, S., & Gormez, O. (2015). In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Satureja cuneifolia ten essential oil on Saprolegnia parasitica strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) eggs. Aquaculture Research, 46(6), 1396-1402.
  • Mumford, S., Heidel, J., Smith, C., Morrison, J., MacConnell, B., & Blazer, V. (2007). Fish Histology and Histopathology. U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center, 357p.
  • Ngamkala, S., Futami, K., Endo, M., Maita, M., & Katagiri, T. (2010). Immunological effects of glucan and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a probiotic bacterium, on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus intestine with oral Aeromonas challenges. Fisheries Science, 76(5), 833-840.
  • Okmen, G., Ugur, A., Sarac, N., & Arslan, T. (2012). In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activities of some essential oils of Lamiaceae species on Aeromonas salmonicida isolates from cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(15), 2762-2768.
  • Özdamar, K. (2001). Tıp Biyoloji Eczacılık ve Diş Hekimliği Öğrencileri için SPSS ile Biyoistatistik, Kaan Kitabevi, 452s.
  • Seçmen, Ö., Gemici, Y., Görk, G., Bekat, L., Leblebici, E. (2004). Tohumlu Bitkiler Sistematiği. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir, s: 299.
  • Sharopov, F. S., Sulaimonova, V. A., & Setzer, W. N. (2012). Composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium from Tajikistan. Records of Natural Products, 6(2), 127-134.
  • Thummek, P., Aoki, S., & Munglue, P. (2016). Growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) fed diets supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) stamen extract. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 21(2), 18-29.
  • Tunç, K., Konca, T., & Hoş, A. (2013). Punica granatum Linn. (Nar) bitkisinin antibakteriyel etkisinin araştırılması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 167-172.
  • Valladao, G. M., Gallani, S. U., Pala, G., Jesus, R. B., Kotzent, S., Costa, J. C., Silva, T. F. A., & Pilarski, F. (2017). Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture Research, 48(11), 5640-5649.
  • Vechklang, K., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Ponchunchoovong, S., Pirarat, N., & Wanapu, C. (2011). The potential for rice wine residual as an alternative protein source in a practical diet for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at the juvenile stage. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(6), 685-694.
  • Yilmaz, E., Genc, M. A., & Genc, E. (2007). Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on growth, body composition, and intestine and liver histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 59(3), 183-189.
  • Zheng, Q., Wu, Y., & Xu, H. (2015). Effect of dietary oxidized konjac glucomannan on Schizothorax prenanti growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 41(3), 733-743.
  • Zhu, H., Liu, H., Yan, J., Wang, R., & Liu, L. (2012). Effect of yeast polysaccharide on some hematologic parameter and gut morphology in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(5), 1441-1447.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Bilimleri, Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Öznur Diler

Öznur Görmez Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Diler, Ö., & Görmez, Ö. (2019). Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Bitkisel Yem Katkı Maddelerinden Artemisia campestris L. ve Artemisia absinthium L’ un Bağırsak Histomorfolojisi Üzerine Etkisi*. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.422547