G-20 Ülkelerinde Biyokütle Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve CO2 Emisyonu

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 347 - 353, 03.02.2019

Mehmet Akif Destek İlyas Okumuş

https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.453801

Cited By: 12

Öz

Bu çalışmada 1992-2013 yılları arasında G-20
ülkelerinde biyokütle enerjisi tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme, karbondioksit
emisyonu ve doğal kaynak tükenmesi arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda, panel birim kök, panel eşbütünleşme, panel FMOLS (fully modifies
OLS) ve panel VECM Granger nedensellik yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar,
biyokütle enerjisi tüketiminin, ekonomik büyümenin, CO₂ emisyonunun
ve doğal kaynak tükenmesinin eşbütünleşik olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca,
biyokütle enerjisi tüketiminin artması ekonomik büyümenin artmasına yol
açmaktadır. Öte yandan, biyokütle enerji tüketimindeki artış CO₂ emisyonlarını
azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca, büyüme hipotezini destekleyen biyokütle enerji
tüketiminden GSYH büyümesine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik vardır. Son
olarak, biyokütle enerji tüketimi ile CO₂ emisyonu arasında iki
yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyokütle Enerjisi Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme, CO2 Emisyonu, G-20 Ülkeleri

Biomass Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emission in G-20 Countries

Öz

This study investigates the relationship between
biomass energy consumption, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and
natural resource depletion in G-20 countries from 1992 to 2013. For this
purpose, we used panel unit root tests, the panel cointegration test, the panel
fully modified OLS (FMOLS) method, and the panel VECM Granger causality method.
The results reveal that biomass energy consumption, economic growth, CO₂
emissions, and natural resource depletion are cointegrated. In addition,
increasing biomass energy consumption leads to increased economic growth. On
the other hand, the increase in biomass energy consumption reduces CO₂
emissions. Moreover, a unidirectional causality exists from biomass energy
consumption to GDP growth, supporting the growth hypothesis. Finally, a
bidirectional causal relationship exists between biomass energy consumption and
CO₂ emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomass Energy Consumption, GDP Growth, CO2 Emission, G-20 Countries

Kaynakça

• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable energy consumption and growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics, 32(6), 1392-1397.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energy policy, 38(1), 656-660.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011). Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption–growth nexus: evidence from emerging market economies. Applied Energy, 88(12), 5226-5230.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2014). Renewable energy, output, CO 2 emissions, and fossil fuel prices in Central America: evidence from a nonlinear panel smooth transition vector error correction model. Energy Economics, 42, 226-232.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2015). Renewable energy, output, carbon dioxide emissions, and oil prices: evidence from South America. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 10(3), 281-287.
• Apergis, N., Payne, J. E., Menyah, K., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2010). On the causal dynamics between emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and economic growth. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2255-2260.
• Aydın, C., & Esen, Ö. (2017). Does Too Much Energy Consumption Harm Economic Growth for Turkish Republics in The Transition Process? New Evidence on Threshold Effects. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(2), 34-43.
• Aydın, F. F. (2018). D-8 Ülkelerinde Biyokütle Enerjisi Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(3), 371-377.
• Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S., & Apergis, N. (2014). The dynamic linkage between CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, number of tourist arrivals and trade.
• Bildirici, M. E. (2012). The relationship between economic growth and biomass energy consumption. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 4(2), 023113.
• Bildirici, M. E. (2013). Economic growth and biomass energy. Biomass and bioenergy, 50, 19-24.
• Bildirici, M. E. (2014). Relationship between biomass energy and economic growth in transition countries: panel ARDL approach. Gcb Bioenergy, 6(6), 717-726.
• Bildirici, M. E., & Özaksoy, F. (2013). The relationship between economic growth and biomass energy consumption in some European countries. Journal of renewable and sustainable energy, 5(2), 023141.
• Bildirici, M., & Ersin, Ö. (2015). An Investigation of the Relationship between the biomass energy consumption, economic growth and oil prices. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 203-212.
• Bilgili, F. (2012). The impact of biomass consumption on CO2 emissions: cointegration analyses with regime shifts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 5349-5354.
• Bilgili, F., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Biomass energy and economic growth nexus in G7 countries: Evidence from dynamic panel data. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 132-138.
• BP (2014). British Petroleum Statistical Review of World Energy. (Accessed on 10/05/2018), http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview
• Destek, M. A. (2017). Biomass energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from top 10 biomass consumer countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(10), 853-858.
• Esen, Ö., & Bayrak, M. (2017). Does more energy consumption support economic growth in net energy-importing countries?. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 22(42), 75-98.
• Global Material Flow Database (2012). Dittrich M. Global material flow database. (Accessed on 10/05/2018), www.materialflows.net
• Gregory, A. W., & Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99-126.
• Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration. Empirical Economics, 35(3), 497-505.
• Hayfa, E., & Rania, B. H. (2014). The impact of the biomass energy use on CO 2 emissions: A Panel data model for 15 countries. In: Renewable Energy Congress (IREC), 2014 5th International (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
• Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
• Kang, S. J. (2012). Green growth and sustainable development in G 20: performance and prospects. Special Report of Korean Development Institute (KDI), Seoul Google Scholar.
• Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
• Menegaki, A.N. (2011). Growth and renewable energy in Europe: a random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33:257-63.
• Menyah, K., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2010). CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2911-2915.
• Ozturk, I. (2010). A literature survey on energy–growth nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340-349.
• Ozturk, I., & Bilgili, F. (2015). Economic growth and biomass consumption nexus: Dynamic panel analysis for Sub-Sahara African countries. Applied Energy, 137, 110-116.
• Payne, J. E. (2009). On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US. Applied Energy, 86(4), 575-577.
• Payne, J.E. 2009 On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US. Applied Energy, 86(4):575-7.
• Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 61(S1), 653-670.
• Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Adv. Econ. 15, 93–130.
• Rafiq, S., Bloch, H., & Salim, R. (2014). Determinants of renewable energy adoption in China and India: a comparative analysis. Applied Economics, 46(22), 2700-2710.
• Sadorsky, P. (2009a). Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies. Energy Policy, 37, 4021-8.
• Sadorsky, P. (2009b). Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil prices in the G7 countries. Energy Economics, 31(3), 456-462.
• Salim, R. A., & Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?. Energy Economics, 34(4), 1051-1057.
• The World Bank (2015). World Development Indicators, Washington DC. (Accessed on 25.08.2015), http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators
• Tugcu, C. T., Ozturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: evidence from G7 countries. Energy economics, 34(6), 1942-1950.
• Ulucak, R., & Erdem, E. (2017). Ekonomik büyüme modellerinde çevre: ekolojik ayak izini esas alan bir uygulama. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), 115-147.
• Zeb, R., Salar, L., Awan, U., Zaman, K., & Shahbaz, M. (2014). Causal links between renewable energy, environmental degradation and economic growth in selected SAARC countries: progress towards green economy. Renewable Energy, 71, 123-132.