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“AHŞAP GİBİSİ VAR MI ?” SÖYLEMİ BAĞLAMINDA AHŞABIN EVRENSELLİĞİ VE BENZERSİZLİĞİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5, 445 - 463, 31.05.2019

Öz

İnsanlığın
başlangıcından beri kullanılagelen doğal bir malzeme olan ahşap evrenseldir ve
benzersizdir. Ahşap evrenseldir, çünkü ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında ve
gereksinimlerin giderilmesinde tüm dünyada bütün toplumlar tarafından aynı veya
benzer şekilde kullanılan bir malzemedir. Ahşap benzersizdir, çünkü doğal ve
organik yapısıyla sahip olduğu özellikler başka bir malzemede yoktur. Ahşabın
evrenselliği ve benzersizliği, sayısız tespitlerle örneklenebilen temel bir
olgudur. Bu çalışmada, “ahşap gibisi var mı ?” söylemi temel alınmak suretiyle,
ahşabın evrenselliği ve benzersizliği betimsel değerlendirmelerle
açıklanmıştır. Bu yazı,  sürekli olarak
sağladığı faydalarıyla insanlık için her zaman değerli bir varlık olan ahşabın
sürdürülebilir ormancılık faaliyetleriyle yetiştirilen ağaçlardan elde edilen
kaynağı yenilenebilir bir doğal malzeme olduğu gerçekliği göz önüne alınarak,
ahşapsever yaklaşım ile hazırlanmıştır.

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  • Simpson, W.T. (1984). Drying Wood: A Review - Part II. Drying Technology, 2 (3): 353-368.
  • Silvester, F.D. (1967). Timber: Its Mechanical Properties and Factors Affecting Its Structural Use. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Sjöström, E. (1993). Wood Chemistry. Fundamentals and Applications. London: Academic Press, Inc.
  • Skaar, C. (1972). Water in Wood. New York: Syracuse University press.
  • Skaar, C. (1988). WoodWater Relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Skinner, F. (1961). Wood Carving. New York: Bonanza Books.
  • Smulski, S. (1997). Engineered Wood Products: A Guide for Specifiers, Designers and Users. Madison: PFS Research Foundation.
  • Song, C., Ikei, H., Miyazaki, Y. (2015). Elucidation of a Physiological Adjustment Effect in a Forest Environment: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12: 4247-4255.
  • Song, C., Ikei, H., Miyazaki, Y. (2016). Physiological Effects of Nature Therapy: A Review of the Research in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13 (8): 781 (doi: 10.3390/ijerph13080781).
  • Sönmez, A. (2000). Ağaçişlerinde Üst Yüzey İşlemleri. 1: Hazırlık ve Renklendirme. Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Ders Notu. Ankara: Çizgi Matbaacılık.
  • Spalt, H.A. (1958). The Fundamentals of Water Vapor Sorption by Water. Forest Products Journal, 8 (10): 288-295.
  • Spencer, A.G., Luy, J.A. (1975). Wood and Wood Products. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.
  • Spurr, S.H., Hsiung, W.Y. (1954). Growth Rate and Specific Gravity in Conifers. Journal of Forestry, 52 (3): 191-200.
  • Stamm, A.J. (1964). Wood and Cellulose Science. New York: Ronald Press.
  • Stamm, A.J. (1967). Movement of Fluids in Wood. Wood Science and Technology, 1: 122-141.
  • Stevens, W.C. (1960). The Thermal Expansion of Wood. Wood, 25 (8): 328-329.
  • Stevens, W.C., Turner, N. (1970). Wood Bending Handbook. London: HMSO (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office).
  • Sueyoshi, S., Miyazaki, Y. (1995). Physiological and Psychological Responses to Light Floor-impact Sounds generated by a Tapping Machine in a Wooden House. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 41: 293-300.
  • Sueyoshi, S., Miyazaki, Y., Morikawa, T. (2004). Physiological and Psychological Responses to Prolonged Light Floor-impact Sounds Generated by a Tapping Machine in a Wooden House. Journal of Wood Science, 50: 494-497.
  • Şanıvar, N. (1978). Ağaçişleri Üst Yüzey İşlemleri. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Thomas, R.J. (1977). Wood: Structure and Chemical Composition. In: Wood Technology: Chemical Aspects. Editor: Irving S. Goldstein, pp. 1-23. Washington: ACS (American Chemical Society).
  • Thomas, R.J. (1981). Wood Anatomy and Ultrastructure. In: Wood: Its Structure and Properties. Editor: Frederick F. Wangaard, pp. 109-146. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Tracy, K., Robles, J.S. (2013). Everyday Talk: Building and Reflecting Identities. New York: Guilford Press.
  • TRADA (Timber Research and Development Association) (2018). Structural Timber Elements: A Pre-scheme Design Guide. High Wycombe: Timber Research and Development Association.
  • Tsoumis, G. (1968). Wood as Raw Material. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Tsoumis, G. (1991). Science and Technology of Wood: Structure, Properties, Utilisation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Tsuchikawa, S., Yonenobu, H., Siesler, H.W. (2005). Near-infrared Spectroscopic Observation of the Ageing Process in Archaeological Wood using a Deuterium Exchange Method. Analyst, 130 (3): 379-384.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tyrvainen, L., Kagawa, T., Miyazaki, Y. (2013). Physiological and Psychological Effects of Viewing Urban Forest Landscapes Assessed by Multiple Measurements. Landscape and Urban Planning, 113: 90-93.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Sato, H. (2007). Physiological Effects in Humans Induced by the Visual Stimulation of Room Interiors with Different Wood Quantities. Journal of Wood Science, 53: 11-16.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B.J., Miyazaki, Y. (2010). Trends in Research Related to Shinrin-yoku (Taking in the Forest Atmosphere or Forest Bathing) in Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15: 27-37.
  • Tubbs, S. (2009). Human Communication: Principles and Contexts. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2008). Creative Economy Report 2008. The challenge of assessing the creative economy: towards informed policy-making, http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditc20082cer_en.pdf (Erişim: 19.05.2017).
  • Unger, A., Schniewind, A.P., Unger, W. (2001). Conservation of Wood Artifacts: A Handbook. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Usta, İ. (2016). Ahşap Üzerine Betimlemeler: Kültürlerarası Etkileşim Aracı Olan Ahşabın “Değerli Bir Nesne” Olarak Kabul Edilip Özümsenmesi (Ahşap Medeniyettir). Yapı Dünyası, 2016 (248-249): 15-23.
  • Usta, İ. (2018). Üçüncü Kişi Etkisi Bağlamında “Ahşap Gibisi Var mı ?” Söyleminin Değerlendirilmesi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018 (7) 2: 898-906.
  • Venkateswaran, A. (1974). A Note on the Relationship Between Electrical properties and Thermal Conductivity of Wood. Wood Science and Technology, 8 (1): 50-55.
  • Viel, S., Capitani, D., Proietti, N., Ziarelli, F., Segre, A.L. (2004). NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Cultural Heritage: A Preliminary Study on Ancient Wood Characterisation. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 79 (2): 357-361.
  • Viljakainen, M. (2003). The Open Timber Construction System: Architectural Design. Helsinki; Wood Focus Oy.
  • Walker, J.C.F., Butterfield, B.B., Langrish, T.A.G., Harris, J.M., Uprichard, J.M. (1993). Primary Wood Processing: Principles and Practice. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.
  • Wangaard, F.F. (1950). The Mechanical Properties of Wood. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Wangaard, F.F. (1966). Resistance of Wood to Chemical Degradation. Forest Products Journal, 16 (2): 53-64.
  • Wardrop, A.B. (1964). The Structure and Formation of the Cell Wall in Xylem. In: The Formation of Wood in Forest Trees. Editor: Martin H. Zimmermann, pp. 87-134. New York: Academic Press.
  • Weatherwax, R.C., Tarkow, W. (1968). Density of Wood Substance: Importance of Penetration and Adsorption Compression of the Displacement Fluid. Forest Products Journal, 18 (7): 44-46.
  • Wilcox, W.W. (1973). Degradation in Relation to Wood Structure. In: Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention by Preservative Treatments 1: Degradation and Protection of Wood. Editor: Darrel D. Nicholas, pp. 107-148. New York: Syracuse University Press.
  • Wilcox, W.W. (1978). Review of Literature on the Effects of Early Stages of Decay on Wood Strength. Wood and Fiber Science, 9 (4): 252-257.
  • Williamson, T.G. (2001). APA Engineered Wood Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Williston, E.M. (1976). Lumber Manufacturing: The Design and Operation of Sawmills and Planer Mills. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Publications.
  • Wilson, K., White, D.J.B. (1986). The Anatomy of Wood: Its Diversity and Variability. London: Stobart & Son Ltd.
  • Windeisen, E., Bachle, H., Zimmer, B., Wegener, G. (2009). Relations Between Chemical Changes and Mechanical Properties of Thermally Treated Wood. Holzforschung, 63 (6): 773-778.
  • Wise, L.E., John, E.C. (1952). Wood Chemistry. New York: Reinhold Publication Co.
  • Yang, K.C. (1987). Wood Properties, Wood Qualities and Silvicultural Treatments. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Forestry, 20 (2): 7-28.
  • Zimmermann, M.H. (1983). Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Zimmermann, M.H., Brown, C.L. (1971). Trees: Structure and Function. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Zobel, B.J. (1961). Inheritance of Wood Properties in Conifers. Silvae Genetica, 10 (3): 65-70.
  • Zobel, B.J., van Bujitenen, J.P. (1980). Wood Variation: Its Causes and Control. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Toplam 216 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İlker Usta

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Usta, İ. (2019). “AHŞAP GİBİSİ VAR MI ?” SÖYLEMİ BAĞLAMINDA AHŞABIN EVRENSELLİĞİ VE BENZERSİZLİĞİ. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(5), 445-463.