SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KIRSAL KALKINMA İÇİN YÖRESEL MİMARİ: KELEYBER BÖLGESİ (İRAN) ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 59 - 68, 30.06.2019

Faris Karahan Sanaz Davardoust

Öz

Arasbaran Koruma Bölgesi
içinde yer alan Kaleybar vadisi, kısıtlı altyapısı ve göze çarpan
potansiyelleri ile dikkat çekici bir kırsal turizm alanına sahiptir. Yöresel
mimari, kırsal turizmin sürdürülebilir kalkınmasına katkıda bulunan en önemli
faktörlerden birini temsil etmektedir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
bölgenin tipik mimarisini bina tipolojisi ve bina fiziği açısından
değerlendirmektedir. Kaleybar bölgesinin yöresel mimarisini değerlendirebilmek
için (Anna Maria 2009) yönteminden yararlanarak; araştırma alanı içinde
belirlenen beş köyden altı ev seçilmiştir. Evlerin plan ve kesitleri yazarın
kişisel alan çalışmaları, ölçüleri, eskizleri, gözlem ve yerel halkın
görüşmeleri ile hazırlanımştır. Değerlendirmeler yerleşim düzenini (güneş ve
rüzgâra göre yönlendirme, en boy oranı), aralığı (açık alan), açıklığı
(boyut-konum, yarı açık alanlar), bina örtüsünü (duvarlar, çatılar)
içermektedir.

 Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre
bölgenin yöresel mimari tasarım ilkeleri, tamamen çevre ve iklime düşünceli bir
yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır. Yerel mimarinin pasif tasarım ilkelerin kullanılması,
bölgedeki sürdürülebilir kırsal kalkınma ile ilgili mimari uygulamalarda
önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yöresel Mimari, Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Kalkınma, Kırsal Binalar, Kırsal Turizm, Arasbaran

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KALEYBAR DISTRICT IN IRAN

Öz

Located within Arasbaran Protected Zone, Kaleybar is an attractive rural tourism area of noticeable potentials yet suffering from limited infrastructures. Vernacular architecture represents one of the major factors contributing into sustainable development of rural tourism. In order to evaluate vernacular architecture of Kaleybar area, six houses of five villages of Arasbaran Protected Zone were selected. The plan and section of the houses were prepared through personal fieldwork, the author’s measurements, sketches, observation and local people’s interviews.  This paper evaluates vernacular architecture of the region, in term of building typology and building physics. Including layout (orientation in relation to the sun and wind, aspect ratio), spacing (open space), opening (size-position, semi-open spaces), building envelope (walls, roofs). These design principles of dwellings bases on a thoughtful approach to environment and climate.  These passive design principles of vernacular architecture can be utilized as ecological pattern in architectural practice within the region in relation to sustainable rural development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vernacular Architecture, Sustainable Rural Development, Rural Buildings, Rural Tourism

Kaynakça

• Akgün AA, Tüzin B, Peter N, 2015. Rethinking on sustainable rural development. European Planning Studies 23: 678-92.
• Anna-Maria V, 2009. Evaluation of a sustainable Greek vernacular settlement and its landscape: Architectural typology and building physics. Building and Environment 44: 1095-106.
• Antic M, Santic D, Kasanin-Grubin M, Malic A, 2017. Sustainable Rural Development in Serbia-Relationship between Population Dynamicss and Environment. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 18: 323-31.
• Danaci HM, Eser G. Ecotourism and Vernacular Architecture in Koprulu Canyon. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken 1: 41-46.
• Durak S, Erbil Y, Akıncıtürk N, 2011. Sustainability of an architectural heritage site in Turkey: fire risk assessment in Misi village. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 5: 334-48.
• Engin N, Vural N, Vural S, Sumerkan MR, 2007. Climatic effect in the formation of vernacular houses in the Eastern Black Sea region. Building and Environment 42: 960-69.
• Esin, T, Yuksek I, 2010. Ecological Analysis of Buildings Elements of Traditional Buildings in the Rural Area of Thrace Region (Turkey). Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 11: 471-84.
• Ferrari G, Vargas-Vargas M, 2010. Environmental sustainable management of small rural tourist enterprises. International Journal of Environmental Research 4: 407-14.
• Garcia E, Juan A, 2014. Revitalization of architectural and ethnological heritage: Recovery of vernacular building techniques in a 19th-century winery. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 8: 140-59.
• Ghaffarian Hoseini AH, Nur Dalilah D, 2012. The essence of Malay vernacular houses: towards understanding the socio-cultural and environmental values. ISVS e-journal 2: 53-73.
• Koster R, 2007. A regional approach to rural tourism development: towards a conceptual framework for communities in transition. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure 30: 133-56.
• Lawrence RJ, 1983. The interpretation of vernacular architecture. Vernacular Architecture 14: 19-28.
• Leco F, Campón AM, 2012. Rural tourists and their attitudes and motivations towards the practice of environmental activities such as agrotourism. International Journal of Environmental Research 7: 255-64.
• Maudlin D, 2010. Crossing boundaries: Revisiting the thresholds of vernacular architecture. Vernacular Architecture 41: 10-14.
• Mehta H, 2010. Authentic ecolodges (Harper Collins).
• Miraftab F, 1999. Sustainability in environmental design: case studies from the vernacular tradition in Iran. Australian Planner 36: 210-15.
• Misra M, 2016. Laurie Baker’s contribution to the continuation of vernacular architecture in India. International Journal of Environmental Studies 73: 631-50.
• Philokyprou M, Aimilios M, Eleni M, Andreas S, 2017. Environmentally responsive design in Eastern Mediterranean. The case of vernacular architecture in the coastal, lowland and mountainous regions of Cyprus. Building and Environment 111: 91-109.
• Saarinen J, Monkgogi L, 2014. Integrating tourism to rural development and planning in the developing world. Development Southern Africa 31: 363-72.
• Sbarcea M, Tudor M, 2016. Tradition and modernity in Danube Delta architecture contemporary intervention towards sustainable settings. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 17: 1194-202.
• Tremblay P, 2006. Desert tourism scoping study (Desert Knowledge CRC).
• Tunçoku, Sarp S, İnceköse Ü, Akış T, Yalçın ML, 2015. Assessment of construction techniques and material usage in Izmir rural houses. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 9: 1005-22.
• Turnock D, 2002. Prospects for sustainable rural cultural tourism in Maramure y, Romania. Tourism Geographies 4: 62-94.
• Zhai, Zhiqiang J, Jonathan MP, 2010. Ancient vernacular architecture: characteristics categorization and energy performance evaluation. Energy and Buildings 42: 357-65.