Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 1 - 28, 07.02.2019
Öz
Nil Havzasının
yönetimi çeşitli siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve ekolojik unsurlara bağımlıdır. Bu
unsurlar, kurumsal yapının hangi seviyede değerlendirilebileceği ve hangi
ortamda işlev görmesi gerektiği konusunu ortaya koymaktadır. Mavi Nil üzerinde
Etiyopya’nın inşa ettiği Büyük Rönesans Barajı, Etiyopya ve Mısır arasındaki
çatışmayı büyütecek bir unsur olabileceği gibi, zorlayıcı bir çözüm
mekanizmasına da dönüşebilir.
Bu çalışmada Nil
Nehri Havzasının sınıraşan yönetim etkinliğini, Nil Havzası kıyıdaş
ülkelerinden aşağı kıyıdaş Mısır ile yukarı kıyıdaş Etiyopya ülkeleri arasında
yaşanan Nil Nehri sularının kullanımı ve paylaşımı ile ilgili su sorunları ve
nedenleri incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda 2017’de bitmesi planlanan – Kasım
2017’de %60’ı tamamlanan – barajın ortaya çıkaracağı muhtemel sonuçlar ele
alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda benimsenen yöntem ise, tümleşik yaklaşımdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adar, K. G., 2007, “The Interface Between National Interest and Regional Stability: The Nile River and the Riparian States African Sociological Review”, Revue Africaine de Sociologie, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 4-9AFDG (African Development Bank Group), 2015, “Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2016-2020” (Translated Document), Ethiopia EARC Department.Akçay, E., 2015, “Güvenlik Politikaları Ekseninde Afrika Birliği: Teori ve Pratik”, Bilge Strateji, 7(12), 61-78Allan,J. A., & Allan, T., 2001, The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy, 401s.e- kitapAlpay, Y., 2009, “Çin Afrika’da Ne Yapıyor”, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Sayı 14. (3-18)Aly, S. And Monem, A., 2014. “Deciphering Abdel Fattah el-Sisi: President of Egypt’s Third Republic”, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Massachusetts, 82.Belay, A., Semakula, H., Wambura, G., & Labohy, J., 2010, “SWOT analysis and challenges of Nile Basin Initiative: an integrated water resource management perspective”, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 8. Berardo, R., & Gerlak, A. K., 2012, “Conflict and cooperation along international rivers: Crafting a model of institutional effectiveness”, Global Environmental Politics, 12(1), 101-120.Block, P. and K. Strzepek, 2010, ‘Economic Analysis of Large-Scale Upstream River Basin Development on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia Considering Transient Conditions, Climate Variability, and Climate Change”, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(2), pp. 156-166Bulto, T. S., 2008, “Between ambivalence and necessity in the Nile Basin: Occlusions on the path towards a basin-wide treaty”, Mizan Law Review, 2(2), 201-228.Brunnee, J., ve Toope, S. J., 2002, “Changing Nile Basin Regime: Does Law Matter?”, Harvard International Law Journal, 43, (105-159)Cascão, A. E., 2009, “Changing power relations in the Nile river basin: Unilateralism vs. cooperation?”, Water Alternatives, 2(2), 245.Conca, K., Wu, F., & Mei, C., 2006, “Global regime formation or complex institution building? The principled content of international river agreements”, International Studies Quarterly, 50(2), 263-285.Çolakoğlu, E. 2008, Suya Erişim Bağlamında Su Güvenliği, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), TC Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi (Kent ve Çevre) Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.Dinar, S., & Dinar, A., 2016, International Water Scarcity and Variability: Managing Resource Use Across Political Boundaries, Univ of California Press.Eckstein, G., 2009, “Water scarcity, conflict, and security in a climate change world: challenges and opportunities for international law and policy”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 27(3). (409-461)Efegil, E., 2013, “Mısır ve Ürdün’ün Dış Politikalarını Şekillendiren Unsurlar”, Otadoğu Analiz, 5 (51).Fahmi, A.M., 1986, “The Legal Regime of the River Nile” vol. 37” OZOV 51-70 Gebreluel, G., 2014. “Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: ending Africa's oldest geopolitical rivalry?”, The Washington Quarterly, 37(2), 25-37.Gleick, P. H., 1993, “Water and Conflict: Fresh Water Resources and International Security”, International Security, 18(1), 79-112.Hearns, G. S., Henshaw, T. W., & Paisley, R. K., 2014, “Environmental Development” 11, 98-111Homer-Dixon, T. F., 1991, “On the threshold: environmental changes as causes of acute conflict”, International security, 16(2), 76-116.Hultin, J., 1995, “The Nile: source of life, source of conflict”. L. Ohlsson (ed.), Hydropolitics: Conflicts of water as a development constraint. Zed Books, London: 29–54.Jussim L., Ashmore R.D. ve Wilder D., 2001, “Social Identity and Intergroup Conflict: Introduction”, Social Identity and Intergroup Conflict, New York: Oxford University Press.Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. ve Çoban, A., 2015, Çevre Politikası, 8. Baskı, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.Kılıç, S., 2013, “Sınıraşan Sulardan Faydalanmalara İlişkin Temel Yaklaşımlar”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53).Maden, T. E., 2013, “Sınıraşan Su Havzalarında İşbirliği Sorunu”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53).McCaffrey, S., 2001, The Law of International Watercourses, Oxford University Press, Oxford.McIntyre, O., 2010, “International Water Law: Concepts, Evolution and Development”, Transboundary Water Management: Principles and Practice,Ed. Earle, A., Jägerskog, A. and Öjendal J., London.Mirumachi, N. and Warner, J. (2008) “Co-existing conflict and cooperation in transboundary waters”, The International Studies Association Annual Conference, San Francisco, 2008.Nicol, A., & Cascão, A. E., 2011, “Against the flow–new power dynamics and upstream mobilisation in the Nile Basin”, Review of African Political Economy, 38(128), 317-325.Özkan, M., 2014, “Mısır Dış Politikasının Tarihi Açmazları”, Ortadogu Analiz, 6(61).Paisley, R. K., & Henshaw, T. W., 2013, “Transboundary governance of the Nile River Basin: Past, present and future”, Environmental Development, 7, 59-71.Rahman, M.A., 2012, “Water Security: Ethiopia–Egypt Transboundary Challenges over the Nile River Basin”, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 48: 35-46.Sadoff, C. W., & Grey, D. (2002). “Beyond the river: The benefits of cooperation on international rivers”, Water Policy, 4, 389–403.Sadoff, C. W., & Grey, D., 2005, “Cooperation on international rivers: A continuum for securing and sharing benefits”, Water International, 30(4), 420-427.Sağsen, İ., 2013, “Nil Nehri Havzası ve Su-Hegemonyası”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53). 41-49.Salman S.M.A, 2011, “The new state of South Sudan and the hydropolitics of the Nile Basin Water International”, 36 (2) 154–166.Sharp, J.M., 2017, “Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations”, Congressional Research Service, 7-5700 Report.Smith, J.M., 1996, “Nine Nations, One Nile, Population-Environment Dynamics: Ten Case Studies”. University of Michigan Eih 575, Monograph, Fall Term. Swain, A. (1997). Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 35(04), 675-694.Tandoğan, M. ve Yücel, O.K., 2017, “Nil’in Paylaşılması Meselesi: Hidro-Diplomasi Bağlamında Mısır, Sudan ve Etiyopya Rekabeti”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 53. Sayı, 107-120. Veilleux, J. C., 2013, “The human security dimensions of dam development: the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam”, Global Dialogue (Online), 15(2), 42.Whittington, D., Waterbury, J., & Jeuland, M., 2014, “The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile”. Water Policy, 16(4), 595-608.Wolf, A. T., Yoffe, S., & Giordano, M. (2003). International waters: Identifying basins at risk. Water Policy, 5(1), 29–60.Wolf, A. T., Natharius, J. A., Danielson, J. J., Ward, B. S., & Pender, J. K., 1999, “International river basins of the world. International Journal of Water Resources Development”, 15(4), 387-427. World Bank, 2006, ‘Ethiopia – Managing Water Resources to Maximize Sustainable Growth’, World Bank.Young, J., 1996, “Ethnicity and power in Ethiopia”, Review of African Political Economy, 23(70), 531-542. Zeitoun, M., & Warner, J., 2006, “Hydro-hegemony–a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts”. Water policy, 8(5), 435-460.www.fao.org/nr/water/faonile/nbs/population2030.htm, 22.10.2017http://misirbulteni.com/afrikada-nil-sularinin-paylasimi-sorunu, 22.11.2017www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/02/death-nile-egypt-fearsethiopian-dam-will-cut-water-supply/, 15/08/2017http://www.internationalwatersgovernance.com/nile-river-basin-initiative.html. 21/10/2017http://www.mfa.gov.tr/misir-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa. 17/12/2016.http://www.mfa.gov.tr/etiyopya-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa. 18/10/2017.http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php/nbi/who-we-are.10/12/2016http://nileis.nilebasin.org/content/water-resources-planning-and-management-project. 10/12/2016http://www.unwater.org/downloads/UNW_TRANSBOUNDARY:3.http://water.worldbank.org/publications/ethiopia-managing-water-resources-maximize-sustainable-growth-water-resources-assistance.) 27/10/2017.https://www.water.ox.ac.uk/filling-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-seeking-middle-ground-on-the-nile/25/12/2017http://www.water-technology.net/projects/mubarak 27/10/2017.http://www.water-technology.net/projects/grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-africa/ 25/12/2017.
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 1 - 28, 07.02.2019
Öz
Kaynakça
- Adar, K. G., 2007, “The Interface Between National Interest and Regional Stability: The Nile River and the Riparian States African Sociological Review”, Revue Africaine de Sociologie, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 4-9AFDG (African Development Bank Group), 2015, “Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2016-2020” (Translated Document), Ethiopia EARC Department.Akçay, E., 2015, “Güvenlik Politikaları Ekseninde Afrika Birliği: Teori ve Pratik”, Bilge Strateji, 7(12), 61-78Allan,J. A., & Allan, T., 2001, The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy, 401s.e- kitapAlpay, Y., 2009, “Çin Afrika’da Ne Yapıyor”, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Sayı 14. (3-18)Aly, S. And Monem, A., 2014. “Deciphering Abdel Fattah el-Sisi: President of Egypt’s Third Republic”, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Massachusetts, 82.Belay, A., Semakula, H., Wambura, G., & Labohy, J., 2010, “SWOT analysis and challenges of Nile Basin Initiative: an integrated water resource management perspective”, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 8. Berardo, R., & Gerlak, A. K., 2012, “Conflict and cooperation along international rivers: Crafting a model of institutional effectiveness”, Global Environmental Politics, 12(1), 101-120.Block, P. and K. Strzepek, 2010, ‘Economic Analysis of Large-Scale Upstream River Basin Development on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia Considering Transient Conditions, Climate Variability, and Climate Change”, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(2), pp. 156-166Bulto, T. S., 2008, “Between ambivalence and necessity in the Nile Basin: Occlusions on the path towards a basin-wide treaty”, Mizan Law Review, 2(2), 201-228.Brunnee, J., ve Toope, S. J., 2002, “Changing Nile Basin Regime: Does Law Matter?”, Harvard International Law Journal, 43, (105-159)Cascão, A. E., 2009, “Changing power relations in the Nile river basin: Unilateralism vs. cooperation?”, Water Alternatives, 2(2), 245.Conca, K., Wu, F., & Mei, C., 2006, “Global regime formation or complex institution building? The principled content of international river agreements”, International Studies Quarterly, 50(2), 263-285.Çolakoğlu, E. 2008, Suya Erişim Bağlamında Su Güvenliği, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), TC Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi (Kent ve Çevre) Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.Dinar, S., & Dinar, A., 2016, International Water Scarcity and Variability: Managing Resource Use Across Political Boundaries, Univ of California Press.Eckstein, G., 2009, “Water scarcity, conflict, and security in a climate change world: challenges and opportunities for international law and policy”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 27(3). (409-461)Efegil, E., 2013, “Mısır ve Ürdün’ün Dış Politikalarını Şekillendiren Unsurlar”, Otadoğu Analiz, 5 (51).Fahmi, A.M., 1986, “The Legal Regime of the River Nile” vol. 37” OZOV 51-70 Gebreluel, G., 2014. “Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: ending Africa's oldest geopolitical rivalry?”, The Washington Quarterly, 37(2), 25-37.Gleick, P. H., 1993, “Water and Conflict: Fresh Water Resources and International Security”, International Security, 18(1), 79-112.Hearns, G. S., Henshaw, T. W., & Paisley, R. K., 2014, “Environmental Development” 11, 98-111Homer-Dixon, T. F., 1991, “On the threshold: environmental changes as causes of acute conflict”, International security, 16(2), 76-116.Hultin, J., 1995, “The Nile: source of life, source of conflict”. L. Ohlsson (ed.), Hydropolitics: Conflicts of water as a development constraint. Zed Books, London: 29–54.Jussim L., Ashmore R.D. ve Wilder D., 2001, “Social Identity and Intergroup Conflict: Introduction”, Social Identity and Intergroup Conflict, New York: Oxford University Press.Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. ve Çoban, A., 2015, Çevre Politikası, 8. Baskı, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.Kılıç, S., 2013, “Sınıraşan Sulardan Faydalanmalara İlişkin Temel Yaklaşımlar”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53).Maden, T. E., 2013, “Sınıraşan Su Havzalarında İşbirliği Sorunu”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53).McCaffrey, S., 2001, The Law of International Watercourses, Oxford University Press, Oxford.McIntyre, O., 2010, “International Water Law: Concepts, Evolution and Development”, Transboundary Water Management: Principles and Practice,Ed. Earle, A., Jägerskog, A. and Öjendal J., London.Mirumachi, N. and Warner, J. (2008) “Co-existing conflict and cooperation in transboundary waters”, The International Studies Association Annual Conference, San Francisco, 2008.Nicol, A., & Cascão, A. E., 2011, “Against the flow–new power dynamics and upstream mobilisation in the Nile Basin”, Review of African Political Economy, 38(128), 317-325.Özkan, M., 2014, “Mısır Dış Politikasının Tarihi Açmazları”, Ortadogu Analiz, 6(61).Paisley, R. K., & Henshaw, T. W., 2013, “Transboundary governance of the Nile River Basin: Past, present and future”, Environmental Development, 7, 59-71.Rahman, M.A., 2012, “Water Security: Ethiopia–Egypt Transboundary Challenges over the Nile River Basin”, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 48: 35-46.Sadoff, C. W., & Grey, D. (2002). “Beyond the river: The benefits of cooperation on international rivers”, Water Policy, 4, 389–403.Sadoff, C. W., & Grey, D., 2005, “Cooperation on international rivers: A continuum for securing and sharing benefits”, Water International, 30(4), 420-427.Sağsen, İ., 2013, “Nil Nehri Havzası ve Su-Hegemonyası”, Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(53). 41-49.Salman S.M.A, 2011, “The new state of South Sudan and the hydropolitics of the Nile Basin Water International”, 36 (2) 154–166.Sharp, J.M., 2017, “Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations”, Congressional Research Service, 7-5700 Report.Smith, J.M., 1996, “Nine Nations, One Nile, Population-Environment Dynamics: Ten Case Studies”. University of Michigan Eih 575, Monograph, Fall Term. Swain, A. (1997). Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 35(04), 675-694.Tandoğan, M. ve Yücel, O.K., 2017, “Nil’in Paylaşılması Meselesi: Hidro-Diplomasi Bağlamında Mısır, Sudan ve Etiyopya Rekabeti”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 53. Sayı, 107-120. Veilleux, J. C., 2013, “The human security dimensions of dam development: the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam”, Global Dialogue (Online), 15(2), 42.Whittington, D., Waterbury, J., & Jeuland, M., 2014, “The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile”. Water Policy, 16(4), 595-608.Wolf, A. T., Yoffe, S., & Giordano, M. (2003). International waters: Identifying basins at risk. Water Policy, 5(1), 29–60.Wolf, A. T., Natharius, J. A., Danielson, J. J., Ward, B. S., & Pender, J. K., 1999, “International river basins of the world. International Journal of Water Resources Development”, 15(4), 387-427. World Bank, 2006, ‘Ethiopia – Managing Water Resources to Maximize Sustainable Growth’, World Bank.Young, J., 1996, “Ethnicity and power in Ethiopia”, Review of African Political Economy, 23(70), 531-542. Zeitoun, M., & Warner, J., 2006, “Hydro-hegemony–a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts”. Water policy, 8(5), 435-460.www.fao.org/nr/water/faonile/nbs/population2030.htm, 22.10.2017http://misirbulteni.com/afrikada-nil-sularinin-paylasimi-sorunu, 22.11.2017www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/02/death-nile-egypt-fearsethiopian-dam-will-cut-water-supply/, 15/08/2017http://www.internationalwatersgovernance.com/nile-river-basin-initiative.html. 21/10/2017http://www.mfa.gov.tr/misir-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa. 17/12/2016.http://www.mfa.gov.tr/etiyopya-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa. 18/10/2017.http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php/nbi/who-we-are.10/12/2016http://nileis.nilebasin.org/content/water-resources-planning-and-management-project. 10/12/2016http://www.unwater.org/downloads/UNW_TRANSBOUNDARY:3.http://water.worldbank.org/publications/ethiopia-managing-water-resources-maximize-sustainable-growth-water-resources-assistance.) 27/10/2017.https://www.water.ox.ac.uk/filling-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-seeking-middle-ground-on-the-nile/25/12/2017http://www.water-technology.net/projects/mubarak 27/10/2017.http://www.water-technology.net/projects/grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-africa/ 25/12/2017.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 7 Şubat 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1 |
