Soğanlarda dip çürüklüğüne neden olan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae’nın büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine bazı kalsiyum tuzlarının etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 35 - 42, 01.06.2019

İlayda Ünsal Sevgi Kaş Muharrem Türkkan

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.593349

Cited By: 1

Öz

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae’nın neden olduğu Fusarium dip çürümesi dünya çapında
ekonomik öneme sahip en önemli hasat öncesi ve sonrası hastalıklardan biridir.
Fusarium dip çürüklüğünün kontrolünde dayanıklı soğan çeşitleri, ürün
rotasyonu, solarizasyon, sanitasyon, biyolojik kontrol ve fungisit uygulamaları
(tohum ve fide) önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, benomyl, carbendazim ve
vinclozolin gibi bazı fungisitler hastalığın kontrolünde etkilidir, ancak yakın
zamanda kanserojen etkileri nedeniyle yasaklanmıştır. Bu nedenle, hastalığın
kontrolü için alternatif yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. In vitro çalışmalar, kalsiyum propionatın % 0.1 (% 19.75) ve % 0.25
(% 41.44) kadar düşük konsantrasyonlarda F.
oxysporum f. sp. cepae'nın misel gelişimini kalsiyum asetat,
hidroksit, klorit, laktat, oksit ve sitrattan daha fazla azalttığını ve ayrıca ilk
tuz ile ikinci grup tuzların etkilerinin arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak
önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (P<0.05). Bununla birlikte, % 1'lik kalsiyum
hidroksit ve oksit konsantrasyonu fungus misel gelişimini tamamen engellerken,
kalsiyum propionat % 2'lik bir konsantrasyonda bile misel gelişimini % 72.72'ye
kadar azaltmıştır. Kalsiyum hidroksit ve oksit hariç, diğer beş tuzun spor
çimlenmesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmamıştır. Test edilen kalsiyum tuzları
arasında, kalsiyum hidroksitin fungusa karşı en büyük toksisiteye sahip olduğu
ve onu kalsiyum oksit ve kalsiyum propionatın takip ettiği bulunmuştur. İn vivo çalışmalar, koruyucu uygulamada
kalsiyum propionatın, patojen ile inokule edilmiş kontrole kıyasla Fusarium dip çürümesinin şiddetini
önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir (P<0.05). Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, kalsiyum
propionatın, soğanlarda Fusarium dip
çürüklüğünün kontrolünde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soğan, Fusarium dip çürüklüğü, kalsiyum tuzları, alternatif kontrol

Kaynakça

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