Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Eşbağımlılık ve Aleksitiminin Bağımlılık Riski Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 109 - 118, 30.09.2019

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma eşbağımlılık ve aleksitimiyi korelasyonel olarak ve bağımlılığa yatkın gruplar arası fark boyutlarıyla incelemeyi amaçlayan bir çalışmadır. 

Yöntem: Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi’nden 383 öğrenci (289 kadın, 94 erkek) gönüllülük ve gizlilik esasına dayalı olarak çalışmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada sosyo-demografik bilgi formu, Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği ve Eşbağımlılık Belirleme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. 

Bulgular: Eş bağımlılık artarken aleksitimi de artmaktadır. Ayrıca, yaşam memnuniyeti arttıkça eşbağımlılık ve aleksitimi azalmaktadır. Bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullanan grubun kullanmayan gruba göre aleksitimi ve eşbağımlılık puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Aynı şekilde çocuklukta fiziksel şiddet gördüğünü beyan eden bireylerin aleksitimi ve eşbağımlılık puanları görmeyenlere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir.

Sonuç: Alanyazında duygu düzenleme ve bilişsel işlemlemeden kaynaklı bir bozukluk olarak düşünülen aleksitiminin mevcut çalışmada eşbağımlılıkla gösterdiği korelasyon eşbağımlılığın etiyolojisi için de yeni soru işaretleri ortaya çıkarır. Eşbağımlılarla çalışan ruh sağlığı profesyonellerine eşbağımlıların duygularını anlamakta ve anlamlandırmakta yaşayabilecekleri zorlukları göz önünde bulundurmalıdırlar. 


Kaynakça

  • 1. O'Brien PE, Gaborit M. Codependency: A disorder separate from chemical dependency. J Clin Psychol 1992; 48(1): 129-136.
  • 2. Hughes-Hammer C, Martsolf DS, Zeller RA. Development and testing of the codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1998; 12(5): 264-272.
  • 3. Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. 2. Baskı, Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing, 1992.
  • 4. Cretser GA, Lombardo WK. Examining Codependency In A College Population. College Student Journal 1999; 33(4).
  • 5. Martsolf DS, Hughes-Hammer C, Estok R, Zeller RA. Codependency in male and female helping professionals. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1999; 3(2): 97-103.
  • 6. Whitfield CL. Co-dependence: Our most common addiction-some physical, mental, emotional and spiritual perspectives. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1989; 6(1): 19-36.
  • 7. Spann L, Fischer JL. Identifying co-dependency. The Counselor 1990; 8(27): 27-31.
  • 8. Haaken J. From Al-Anon to ACOA: Codependence and the reconstruction of caregiving. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1993; 18(2): 321-345.
  • 9. Wegscheider-Cruse S, Cruse JR. Understanding codependency. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc. 1990.
  • 10. Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JD. The alexithymia construct: a potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics 1991; 32(2): 153-164.
  • 11. Dear GE, Roberts CM, Lange L. Defining codependency: A thematic analysis of published definitions. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.
  • 12. Chen J, Jing J, Chan RC, Xu T. Alexithymia and emotional regulation: A cluster analytical approach. BMC psychiatry 2011; 11(1): 33.
  • 13. Silva AN, Vasco AB, Watson JC. Alexithymia and Emotional Processing: A Mediation Model. J Clin Psychol 2017; 73(9): 1196-1205.
  • 14. Sifneos PE. The prevalence of ‘alexithymic’characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychother Psychosom 1973; 22(2-6): 255-262.
  • 15. Bailey PE, Henry JD. Alexithymia, somatization and negative affect in a community sample. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150(1): 13-20.
  • 16. Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Zvolensky MJ. Emotional dysregulation: Association with coping-oriented marijuana use motives among current marijuana users. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43(11): 1653-1665.
  • 17. Ahadi H. On the Relationship of Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Self-Efficacy, Impulsiveness, and Social Skills with Substance Abuse in Adolescents. Research on Addiction 2016; 9(36): 95-109.
  • 18. Wilcox CE, Adinoff B. Using neuroimaging to improve emotion regulation treatments for substance use disorders. Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Addiction Treatment. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015: 158-177.
  • 19. Hopwood CJ, Schade N, Matusiewicz A. Emotion regulation promotes persistence in a residential substance abuse treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50(2): 251-256.
  • 20. Betka S, Pfeifer G, Garfinkel S, ve ark. How do self‐assessment of alexithymia and sensitivity to bodily sensations relate to alcohol consumption? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42(1): 81-88.
  • 21. Alayi Z. Simple and multiple relationships between assertiveness, sensation seeking, alexithymia and addiction potential in university students. European Psychiatry 2013; 28 :1.
  • 22. Loas G, Fremaux D, Otmani O. Is alexithymia a negative factor for maintaining abstinence? A follow-up study. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38(5): 296-299.
  • 23. Berking M, Margraf M, Ebert D, ve ark. Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol 2011; 79(3): 307.
  • 24. Finn PR, Martin J, Pihl RO. Alexithymia in males at high genetic risk for alcoholism. Psychother Psychosom 1987; 47(1): 18-21.
  • 25. Taylor GJ, Ryan D, Bagby M. Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. . Psychother Psychosom 1985; 44(4): 191-199.
  • 26. Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 1994; 38(1), 23-32.
  • 27. Güleç H, Köse S, Güleç MY. Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20). Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2009; 19(3): 214.
  • 28. Ançel G ve Kabakçı E. Psychometric properties of Turkish form of codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 23 (6): 441- 453.
  • 29. Luminet O, Rimé B, Bagby RM, Taylor G. A multimodal investigation of emotional responding in alexithymia. Cognition and emotion 2004; 18(6): 741-766.
  • 30. Anderson KL, Burckhardt CS. Conceptualization and measurement of quality of life as an outcome variable for health care intervention and research. J Adv Nurs 1999; 29(2): 298-306.
  • 31. Pinard L, Negrete JC, Annable L, Audet N. Alexithymia in substance abusers: persistence and correlates of variance. Am J Addict 1996; 5: 32-39.
  • 32. Hamidi S, Rostami R, Farhoodi F, Abdolmanafi A. A study and comparison of Alexithymia among patients with substance use disorder and normal people. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1367-1370.
  • 33. Uzun O. Alexithymia in male alcoholics: Study in a Turkish sample. Compr Psychiatry 2003; 44: 349–352.
  • 34. Kluck AS, Carriere L, Dallesasse S. Pathways of family influence: Alcohol use and disordered eating in daughters. Addict Behav 2014; 39(10): 1404-1407.
  • 35. Baker TB, Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Majeskie MR, Fiore MC. Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol Rev 2004; 111(1): 33.
  • 36. Solter A. Understanding tears and tantrums. Young Children 1992; 47(4): 64-68.
  • 37. Evren C, Evren B. The relationship of suicide attempt history with childhood abuse and neglect, alexithymia and temperament and character dimensions of personality in substance dependents. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 60(4): 263-269.
  • 38. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E. Childhood abuse and neglect as a risk factor for alexithymia in adult male substance dependent inpatients. J Psychoactive Drugs 2009; 41(1): 85-92.
  • 39. Reyome ND, Ward KS. Self-reported history of childhood maltreatment and codependency in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Emotional Abuse 2007; 7(1): 37-50.
  • 40. Ancel, G. Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Kavramı: Hemşirelikle İlişkisi ve Karşılıklı Bağımlılığı Belirleme Araçları. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2012; 14(1).
  • 41. Ançel G, Yuva E, Öztuna DG. Eş-bağımlılık ve işyerinde mobing arasındaki ilişki. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2012; 13(2).
  • 42. Gross J J. Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 74(1): 224.
  • 43. Lyon D, Greenberg J. Evidence of codependency in women with an alcoholic parent: Helping out Mr. Wrong. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991; 61(3): 435.
  • 44. Ghaedniay JA, Nouri R, Hasani J, Farmani SS. The effectiveness of group training of procedureal emotion regulation strategies in cognitive coping of individuals suffering substance abuse. Research on Addiction 2014; 31(8): 71-90.

Assessment of Codependency and Alexithymia within the Frame of Addiction Risk

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 109 - 118, 30.09.2019

Öz

Objective: This research aims to investigate the correlation between codependency and alexithymia with the groups that have different level of addiction vulnerability. 

Method: 383 students (289 women, 94 men) from Sağlık Bilimleri University participated in the study based on volunteerism and confidentiality. The socio-demographic data form, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Codependency Assessment Tool were used in the study. 

Results: Alexithymia increased while the codependency increased. Moreover, as life satisfaction increases, codependency and alexithymia are decreasing. The alexithymia and codependency scores of the substance dependent group were significantly higher than the non-use group. Likewise, alexithymia and codependency scores of individuals who reported to had experienced physical violence in childhood are significantly higher than those who did not. 

Conclusion: The correlation of alexithymia, which is thought to be a disorder caused by emotion regulation and cognitive processing in the literature, shows new question marks for the etiology of codependency. Mental health professionals working with codependent people should take into account the difficulties that they may have in understanding their emotions. 


Kaynakça

  • 1. O'Brien PE, Gaborit M. Codependency: A disorder separate from chemical dependency. J Clin Psychol 1992; 48(1): 129-136.
  • 2. Hughes-Hammer C, Martsolf DS, Zeller RA. Development and testing of the codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1998; 12(5): 264-272.
  • 3. Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. 2. Baskı, Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing, 1992.
  • 4. Cretser GA, Lombardo WK. Examining Codependency In A College Population. College Student Journal 1999; 33(4).
  • 5. Martsolf DS, Hughes-Hammer C, Estok R, Zeller RA. Codependency in male and female helping professionals. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1999; 3(2): 97-103.
  • 6. Whitfield CL. Co-dependence: Our most common addiction-some physical, mental, emotional and spiritual perspectives. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1989; 6(1): 19-36.
  • 7. Spann L, Fischer JL. Identifying co-dependency. The Counselor 1990; 8(27): 27-31.
  • 8. Haaken J. From Al-Anon to ACOA: Codependence and the reconstruction of caregiving. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1993; 18(2): 321-345.
  • 9. Wegscheider-Cruse S, Cruse JR. Understanding codependency. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc. 1990.
  • 10. Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JD. The alexithymia construct: a potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics 1991; 32(2): 153-164.
  • 11. Dear GE, Roberts CM, Lange L. Defining codependency: A thematic analysis of published definitions. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.
  • 12. Chen J, Jing J, Chan RC, Xu T. Alexithymia and emotional regulation: A cluster analytical approach. BMC psychiatry 2011; 11(1): 33.
  • 13. Silva AN, Vasco AB, Watson JC. Alexithymia and Emotional Processing: A Mediation Model. J Clin Psychol 2017; 73(9): 1196-1205.
  • 14. Sifneos PE. The prevalence of ‘alexithymic’characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychother Psychosom 1973; 22(2-6): 255-262.
  • 15. Bailey PE, Henry JD. Alexithymia, somatization and negative affect in a community sample. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150(1): 13-20.
  • 16. Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Zvolensky MJ. Emotional dysregulation: Association with coping-oriented marijuana use motives among current marijuana users. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43(11): 1653-1665.
  • 17. Ahadi H. On the Relationship of Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Self-Efficacy, Impulsiveness, and Social Skills with Substance Abuse in Adolescents. Research on Addiction 2016; 9(36): 95-109.
  • 18. Wilcox CE, Adinoff B. Using neuroimaging to improve emotion regulation treatments for substance use disorders. Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Addiction Treatment. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015: 158-177.
  • 19. Hopwood CJ, Schade N, Matusiewicz A. Emotion regulation promotes persistence in a residential substance abuse treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50(2): 251-256.
  • 20. Betka S, Pfeifer G, Garfinkel S, ve ark. How do self‐assessment of alexithymia and sensitivity to bodily sensations relate to alcohol consumption? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42(1): 81-88.
  • 21. Alayi Z. Simple and multiple relationships between assertiveness, sensation seeking, alexithymia and addiction potential in university students. European Psychiatry 2013; 28 :1.
  • 22. Loas G, Fremaux D, Otmani O. Is alexithymia a negative factor for maintaining abstinence? A follow-up study. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38(5): 296-299.
  • 23. Berking M, Margraf M, Ebert D, ve ark. Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol 2011; 79(3): 307.
  • 24. Finn PR, Martin J, Pihl RO. Alexithymia in males at high genetic risk for alcoholism. Psychother Psychosom 1987; 47(1): 18-21.
  • 25. Taylor GJ, Ryan D, Bagby M. Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. . Psychother Psychosom 1985; 44(4): 191-199.
  • 26. Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 1994; 38(1), 23-32.
  • 27. Güleç H, Köse S, Güleç MY. Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20). Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2009; 19(3): 214.
  • 28. Ançel G ve Kabakçı E. Psychometric properties of Turkish form of codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 23 (6): 441- 453.
  • 29. Luminet O, Rimé B, Bagby RM, Taylor G. A multimodal investigation of emotional responding in alexithymia. Cognition and emotion 2004; 18(6): 741-766.
  • 30. Anderson KL, Burckhardt CS. Conceptualization and measurement of quality of life as an outcome variable for health care intervention and research. J Adv Nurs 1999; 29(2): 298-306.
  • 31. Pinard L, Negrete JC, Annable L, Audet N. Alexithymia in substance abusers: persistence and correlates of variance. Am J Addict 1996; 5: 32-39.
  • 32. Hamidi S, Rostami R, Farhoodi F, Abdolmanafi A. A study and comparison of Alexithymia among patients with substance use disorder and normal people. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1367-1370.
  • 33. Uzun O. Alexithymia in male alcoholics: Study in a Turkish sample. Compr Psychiatry 2003; 44: 349–352.
  • 34. Kluck AS, Carriere L, Dallesasse S. Pathways of family influence: Alcohol use and disordered eating in daughters. Addict Behav 2014; 39(10): 1404-1407.
  • 35. Baker TB, Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Majeskie MR, Fiore MC. Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol Rev 2004; 111(1): 33.
  • 36. Solter A. Understanding tears and tantrums. Young Children 1992; 47(4): 64-68.
  • 37. Evren C, Evren B. The relationship of suicide attempt history with childhood abuse and neglect, alexithymia and temperament and character dimensions of personality in substance dependents. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 60(4): 263-269.
  • 38. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E. Childhood abuse and neglect as a risk factor for alexithymia in adult male substance dependent inpatients. J Psychoactive Drugs 2009; 41(1): 85-92.
  • 39. Reyome ND, Ward KS. Self-reported history of childhood maltreatment and codependency in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Emotional Abuse 2007; 7(1): 37-50.
  • 40. Ancel, G. Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Kavramı: Hemşirelikle İlişkisi ve Karşılıklı Bağımlılığı Belirleme Araçları. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2012; 14(1).
  • 41. Ançel G, Yuva E, Öztuna DG. Eş-bağımlılık ve işyerinde mobing arasındaki ilişki. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2012; 13(2).
  • 42. Gross J J. Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 74(1): 224.
  • 43. Lyon D, Greenberg J. Evidence of codependency in women with an alcoholic parent: Helping out Mr. Wrong. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991; 61(3): 435.
  • 44. Ghaedniay JA, Nouri R, Hasani J, Farmani SS. The effectiveness of group training of procedureal emotion regulation strategies in cognitive coping of individuals suffering substance abuse. Research on Addiction 2014; 31(8): 71-90.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi, Madde Bağımlılığı
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Aynur Feyzioğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3342-1325

Ekin Emiral 0000-0001-9841-0910

Nesibe Altundal Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6537-0673

Zeynep Akan Tikici 0000-0001-6105-3788

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 13 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Feyzioğlu A, Emiral E, Altundal N, Akan Tikici Z. Eşbağımlılık ve Aleksitiminin Bağımlılık Riski Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. Eylül 2019;20(3):109-118.

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence