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Aggregate Performance on Forest Roads in the Pacific Northwest

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 43 - 49, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.458287

Öz

Eleven
aggregate quarries from the Pacific Northwest, USA were sampled to measure the
variability in rock properties. Additionally, road managers were asked to
classify the aggregate source as good or marginal for forest roads with
year-round timber hauling as the primary use. 
Seven of the eleven quarries were classified as good. A series of
materials property tests were performed on the aggregate sampled from each
quarry. The test included gradation, LA Abrasion, Micro-Deval, and sand
equivalency tests. Three replicates were performed for the LA Abrasion,
Micro-Deval, and sand equivalency tests. The results show that only two of the
seven rated as good samples met the thresholds established from the literature
review. None of the marginally rated aggregates met the thresholds for the
material property tests.  The results
show that the road managers expectation of rock quality is inconsistent when
compared with the results from tests.  It
suggests that in order to understand aggregate performance better, testing
before placement is a necessity.

Kaynakça

  • Amatya, D.M., Skaggs, R.W., 2008. 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment, Proceedings of the 29 March - 3 April 2008 Conference.
  • Boston, K., 2012. Impact of the ninth circuit court ruling (Northwest Environmental Defense Center v.
  • Brown) regarding forest roads and the Clean Water Act. Journal of Forestry, 110(6): p.344-346.
  • Boston, K., 2016. The potential effects of forest roads on the environment and mitigating their impacts. Current Forestry Reports, 2(4):215-222.
  • Cederholm, C.J., Reid, L.M., Salo, E.O., 1981. Cumulative effects of logging road sediment on salmonid populations in the Clearwater River, Jefferson County, Washington. In Presented to the conference Salmon-Spawning Gravel: A Renewable Resource in the Pacific Northwest? 6-7 October 1980 Seattle Washington. 35 p.
  • Cuelho, E., Mokwa, R., Obert, K., 2007. Comparative Analysis of Coarse Surfacing Aggregate Using Micro-Deval, L.A. Abrasion, and Sodium Sulfate Soundness Tests. FHWA/MT-06-016/8117-27. January 2007, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
  • Dawson, A.R., 2001. Engineering the forestry road pavement. In m Annual Symp. on Forestry engineering. Group of the Institute of Agricultural Engineers. Available online at www. nottingham. ac. uk/~ evzard/me/ardrefs. html pp. 1-15.
  • Foltz R.B., and Truebe M., 2003. Locally Available Aggregate and Sediment Production. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. Vol. 1819. Paper No. LVR8-1050. 185-193.
  • Kemp, E., Leshchinsky, B., Boston, K., 2016. Case Study: Evaluating Road Performance and Sediment Generation during Simulated Wet Weather Hauling. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 2(1):22-34.
  • Luce, C.H., Black, T.A., 1999. Sediment production from forest roads in western Oregon. Water Resources Research, 35(8):2561-2570.
  • McNally, G., 2002. Soil and rock construction materials. CRC Press.
  • Paige-Green, P., 1999. Geological factors affecting performance of unsealed road materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1652):10-15.
  • Sanders, T. G., Addo, J.Q., 1993. Effectiveness and environmental impact of road dust suppressants (No. MPC-94-28). Colorado State University, Department of Civil Engineering.
  • Senior, S.A., Rogers, C.A., 1991. Laboratory tests for predicting coarse aggregate performance in Ontario. Transportation Research Record, (1301).
  • Sessions, J., Boston, K., Thoreson, R., Mills, K., 2006. Optimal policies for managing aggregate resources on temporary forest roads. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 21(4):207-216.
  • Toman, E., Skaugset, A., 2011. Reducing sediment production from forest roads during wet-weather hauling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2203):13-19.
  • Weyers, R. E., Williamson, G. S., Mokarem, D. W., Lane, D. S., and Cady, P. D., 2005. Testing methods to determine long-term durability of Wisconsin aggregate resources (No. WHRP 06-07).
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 43 - 49, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.458287

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amatya, D.M., Skaggs, R.W., 2008. 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment, Proceedings of the 29 March - 3 April 2008 Conference.
  • Boston, K., 2012. Impact of the ninth circuit court ruling (Northwest Environmental Defense Center v.
  • Brown) regarding forest roads and the Clean Water Act. Journal of Forestry, 110(6): p.344-346.
  • Boston, K., 2016. The potential effects of forest roads on the environment and mitigating their impacts. Current Forestry Reports, 2(4):215-222.
  • Cederholm, C.J., Reid, L.M., Salo, E.O., 1981. Cumulative effects of logging road sediment on salmonid populations in the Clearwater River, Jefferson County, Washington. In Presented to the conference Salmon-Spawning Gravel: A Renewable Resource in the Pacific Northwest? 6-7 October 1980 Seattle Washington. 35 p.
  • Cuelho, E., Mokwa, R., Obert, K., 2007. Comparative Analysis of Coarse Surfacing Aggregate Using Micro-Deval, L.A. Abrasion, and Sodium Sulfate Soundness Tests. FHWA/MT-06-016/8117-27. January 2007, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
  • Dawson, A.R., 2001. Engineering the forestry road pavement. In m Annual Symp. on Forestry engineering. Group of the Institute of Agricultural Engineers. Available online at www. nottingham. ac. uk/~ evzard/me/ardrefs. html pp. 1-15.
  • Foltz R.B., and Truebe M., 2003. Locally Available Aggregate and Sediment Production. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. Vol. 1819. Paper No. LVR8-1050. 185-193.
  • Kemp, E., Leshchinsky, B., Boston, K., 2016. Case Study: Evaluating Road Performance and Sediment Generation during Simulated Wet Weather Hauling. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 2(1):22-34.
  • Luce, C.H., Black, T.A., 1999. Sediment production from forest roads in western Oregon. Water Resources Research, 35(8):2561-2570.
  • McNally, G., 2002. Soil and rock construction materials. CRC Press.
  • Paige-Green, P., 1999. Geological factors affecting performance of unsealed road materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1652):10-15.
  • Sanders, T. G., Addo, J.Q., 1993. Effectiveness and environmental impact of road dust suppressants (No. MPC-94-28). Colorado State University, Department of Civil Engineering.
  • Senior, S.A., Rogers, C.A., 1991. Laboratory tests for predicting coarse aggregate performance in Ontario. Transportation Research Record, (1301).
  • Sessions, J., Boston, K., Thoreson, R., Mills, K., 2006. Optimal policies for managing aggregate resources on temporary forest roads. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 21(4):207-216.
  • Toman, E., Skaugset, A., 2011. Reducing sediment production from forest roads during wet-weather hauling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2203):13-19.
  • Weyers, R. E., Williamson, G. S., Mokarem, D. W., Lane, D. S., and Cady, P. D., 2005. Testing methods to determine long-term durability of Wisconsin aggregate resources (No. WHRP 06-07).
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Scott Hanna Bu kişi benim

Kevin Boston

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hanna, S., & Boston, K. (2018). Aggregate Performance on Forest Roads in the Pacific Northwest. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 4(2), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.458287

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The works published in European Journal of Forest Engineering (EJFE) are licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.