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Georg Simmel´s contribution towards A sociological theory of socialism

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 43 - 48, 31.07.2019

Öz

Despite its repeated socio-economic
consequences of inefficiency, corruption and totalitarianism when implemented
in practice, socialistic ideals claim wide spread attraction. Why? The
following article tries to answer this question by referring to a sociological
classic: Georg Simmel. According to Simmel, modernity is constituted by two
ideals: liberty and equality. Liberty leads to competition and inequality,
equality tends to a collectivisation of the means of production and a tight
bond of the individual to state and society. Both ideals oppose as well as
presuppose each other, and their dualistic interplay gets together within money
economy. Hence the persistent attraction of socialistic ideas is inherent in
modern society´s foundations, the clash of socialising and liberalising ideas
is the usual case in so-called mixed economies.


(Retrieved Video Article from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0ZpBEMxqKc )

Kaynakça

  • Appelrouth, S., and Edles L. D. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory: Text and Readings, Northridge & California State University: Pine Forge Press.
  • Ballard, J. (2018). Socialism is becoming more popular with Baby Boomers, YouGov, 07.08.2018. Retrieved at https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/08/07/socialism-capitalism-popular-baby-boomers
  • Cantó Milà, N. (2005). A Sociological Theory of Value. Georg Simmel’s Sociological Relationism, Bielefeld: Transcript.
  • Capetillo-Ponce, J. (2004/2005). Contrasting Simmel´s and Marx´s Ideas on Alienation, Human Architecture. Journal of the Sociology of Knowledge, 3(1&2): 117-121.
  • Cavalli, A. (1994). Max Weber und Georg Simmel. Sind die Divergenzen so groß? In G.Wagner, & H. Zipprian (Eds.), Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre. Interpretation und Kritik (pp. 224-238). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Ferguson, N. (2019). Young Americans have no clue about socialism, Sunday Times, 12.05.2019, retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/comment/young-americans-have-no-clue-about-the-s-word-mbsz6xfc9.
  • Fitzi, G. (2003). "Die Absicht, dem historischen Materialismus ein Stockwerk unterzubauen": Zur Beziehung von Simmel zu Marx. In O. Rammstedt (Ed.), Georg Simmels Philosophie des Geldes. Aufsätze und Materialien (:. 215-242), Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Friedman, M. (2002). Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Frisby, D. (1971). On Individuality and Social Forms, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press:.
  • Frisby, D. (2004). Introduction to the Translation. In: D. Frisby (Ed.), Georg Simmel: Philosophy of Money (pp. 1-49). London: Routledge.
  • Hall, P. A., and Soskice, D. (2001). Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxfort & New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hayek, F. A. (2001). The Road to Serfdom, London & New York: Routledge.
  • Ipsos Social Research Institute (2018). Attitudes towards Socialist Ideals in the 21st Century. Retrieved from Online-Link: https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-05/global_socialism_survey_2018_final_deck_.pdf.
  • Junge, M. (2009). Georg Simmel kompakt, Bielefeld: transcript.
  • Kalmonick, P. (2001). Simmel´s Legacy for Contemporary Value Theory: A Critical Assessment. Sociological Theory, 19(1): 65-85.
  • Kersting, S., and Streit M. (2019). Berlin´s lack of housing prompts radical expropriation initiative, Handelsblatt, 15.02.2019. Retrieved at https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/finance/the-communards-berlins-lack-of-housing-prompts-radical-expropriation-initiative/23992446.html?ticket=ST-5714218-dslqlM4QtS2W9guGLNG0-ap3
  • Kornai, J. (1986). The Soft Budget Constraint. Kyklos, 39(1): 3-30.
  • Laidler, D., and Rowe, N. (1980). .Georg Simmel’s Philosophy of Money: A Review Article for Economists. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1): 97-105.
  • LeBar, M. (2013): Equality and Liberty as Complements. In T. R. Machan (Ed.), Liberty and Equality (pp. 97-121). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.
  • Lee, M., Moore, R., and Silver, D. (2007). The View of Life: A Simmelian Reading of Simmel´s Testament. Simmel Studies, 17(2): 265-292.
  • Marx, K. (1973). Das Kapital, Band 1: Der Produktionsprozeß des Kapitals, Frankfurt a. M., Berlin, & Wien: Ullstein.
  • Müller; H.-P., Cavalli, A., and Ferrara, A. (2018). How is Individuality Possible? Georg Simmel´s Philosophy and Sociology of Individualism. Simmel Studies, 22(1): 15-43.
  • Nedelmann, B. (1991). Individualization, Exaggeration and Paralysation: Simmel´s Three Problems of Culture. Theory, Culture & Society, 8(3): 169-193.
  • Pyyhtinen, O. (2008). Ambiguous Individuality: Georg Simmel on the 'Who' and the 'What' of the Indiviual. Human Studies, 31(3): 279-298.
  • Saiedi, N. (1987). Simmel´s epistemic road to multidimensionality. The Social Science Journal, 24 (2): 181-93.
  • Simmel, G. (1905). A contribution to the Sociology of Religion. American Journal of Sociology, 11(3): 359-376.
  • Simmel, G. (1950). The Metropolis and Mental Life. In K. H. Wolff (Ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel (pp. 409-424). Glenco: The Free Press.
  • Simmel, G. (1957). Fashion, The American Journal of Sociology, 52(6): 541-558.
  • Simmel, G. (1991). Money in Modern Culture. Theory, Culture and Society, 8: 78-196.
  • Simmel, G. (1997). Probleme der Geschichtsphilosophie. In: G: Oakes, & K. Röggers (Eds.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 9 (pp. 227-419). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (1999). Grundfragen der Soziologie. In: G: Fitzi, & O. Rammstedt (Eds.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 16 (:59-149). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (2004). The Philosophy of Money, London: Routledge.
  • Simmel, G. (2008a). Sociology of Competition. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 33 (4): 945-978.
  • Simmel, G. (2008b). Tendencies in German Life and Thought. In D. Frisby (Ed.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 18 (pp. 167-202). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (2009). Sociology. Inquiries into the Construction of Social Forms, Leiden & Boston: Brill.
  • Simmel, G. (2010). View of Life. Four Metaphysical Essays with Journal Aphorisms, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Stephens, Bret (2019): Yes, Venezuela Is a Socialist Catastrophe, The New York Times, 25.01.2019. Retrieved at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/opinion/venezuela-maduro-socialism-government.html
  • Von Mises, L. (1951). Socialism. An Economic and Sociological Analysis, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Ypi, L. (2019). To explain why socialism is attractive, we must look at why liberalism is not. Blog article, 28.03.2019. Retrieved at https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/socialism-liberalism/
  • Zikmund, W. G. (1974). Karl Marx and Georg Simmel: a Dialogue on Socialism and Other Things, Journal of Thought, 9 (1): 51-55.

Georg Simmel´s contribution towards A sociological theory of socialism

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 43 - 48, 31.07.2019

Öz

Despite its repeated socio-economic consequences of inefficiency, corruption and totalitarianism when implemented in practice, socialistic ideals claim wide spread attraction. Why? The following article tries to answer this question by referring to a sociological classic: Georg Simmel. According to Simmel, modernity is constituted by two ideals: liberty and equality. Liberty leads to competition and inequality, equality tends to a collectivisation of the means of production and a tight bond of the individual to state and society. Both ideals oppose as well as presuppose each other, and their dualistic interplay gets together within money economy. Hence the persistent attraction of socialistic ideas is inherent in modern society´s foundations, the clash of socialising and liberalising ideas is the usual case in so-called mixed economies.


(Retrieved Video Article from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0ZpBEMxqKc )


Kaynakça

  • Appelrouth, S., and Edles L. D. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory: Text and Readings, Northridge & California State University: Pine Forge Press.
  • Ballard, J. (2018). Socialism is becoming more popular with Baby Boomers, YouGov, 07.08.2018. Retrieved at https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/08/07/socialism-capitalism-popular-baby-boomers
  • Cantó Milà, N. (2005). A Sociological Theory of Value. Georg Simmel’s Sociological Relationism, Bielefeld: Transcript.
  • Capetillo-Ponce, J. (2004/2005). Contrasting Simmel´s and Marx´s Ideas on Alienation, Human Architecture. Journal of the Sociology of Knowledge, 3(1&2): 117-121.
  • Cavalli, A. (1994). Max Weber und Georg Simmel. Sind die Divergenzen so groß? In G.Wagner, & H. Zipprian (Eds.), Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre. Interpretation und Kritik (pp. 224-238). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Ferguson, N. (2019). Young Americans have no clue about socialism, Sunday Times, 12.05.2019, retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/comment/young-americans-have-no-clue-about-the-s-word-mbsz6xfc9.
  • Fitzi, G. (2003). "Die Absicht, dem historischen Materialismus ein Stockwerk unterzubauen": Zur Beziehung von Simmel zu Marx. In O. Rammstedt (Ed.), Georg Simmels Philosophie des Geldes. Aufsätze und Materialien (:. 215-242), Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Friedman, M. (2002). Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Frisby, D. (1971). On Individuality and Social Forms, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press:.
  • Frisby, D. (2004). Introduction to the Translation. In: D. Frisby (Ed.), Georg Simmel: Philosophy of Money (pp. 1-49). London: Routledge.
  • Hall, P. A., and Soskice, D. (2001). Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxfort & New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hayek, F. A. (2001). The Road to Serfdom, London & New York: Routledge.
  • Ipsos Social Research Institute (2018). Attitudes towards Socialist Ideals in the 21st Century. Retrieved from Online-Link: https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-05/global_socialism_survey_2018_final_deck_.pdf.
  • Junge, M. (2009). Georg Simmel kompakt, Bielefeld: transcript.
  • Kalmonick, P. (2001). Simmel´s Legacy for Contemporary Value Theory: A Critical Assessment. Sociological Theory, 19(1): 65-85.
  • Kersting, S., and Streit M. (2019). Berlin´s lack of housing prompts radical expropriation initiative, Handelsblatt, 15.02.2019. Retrieved at https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/finance/the-communards-berlins-lack-of-housing-prompts-radical-expropriation-initiative/23992446.html?ticket=ST-5714218-dslqlM4QtS2W9guGLNG0-ap3
  • Kornai, J. (1986). The Soft Budget Constraint. Kyklos, 39(1): 3-30.
  • Laidler, D., and Rowe, N. (1980). .Georg Simmel’s Philosophy of Money: A Review Article for Economists. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1): 97-105.
  • LeBar, M. (2013): Equality and Liberty as Complements. In T. R. Machan (Ed.), Liberty and Equality (pp. 97-121). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.
  • Lee, M., Moore, R., and Silver, D. (2007). The View of Life: A Simmelian Reading of Simmel´s Testament. Simmel Studies, 17(2): 265-292.
  • Marx, K. (1973). Das Kapital, Band 1: Der Produktionsprozeß des Kapitals, Frankfurt a. M., Berlin, & Wien: Ullstein.
  • Müller; H.-P., Cavalli, A., and Ferrara, A. (2018). How is Individuality Possible? Georg Simmel´s Philosophy and Sociology of Individualism. Simmel Studies, 22(1): 15-43.
  • Nedelmann, B. (1991). Individualization, Exaggeration and Paralysation: Simmel´s Three Problems of Culture. Theory, Culture & Society, 8(3): 169-193.
  • Pyyhtinen, O. (2008). Ambiguous Individuality: Georg Simmel on the 'Who' and the 'What' of the Indiviual. Human Studies, 31(3): 279-298.
  • Saiedi, N. (1987). Simmel´s epistemic road to multidimensionality. The Social Science Journal, 24 (2): 181-93.
  • Simmel, G. (1905). A contribution to the Sociology of Religion. American Journal of Sociology, 11(3): 359-376.
  • Simmel, G. (1950). The Metropolis and Mental Life. In K. H. Wolff (Ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel (pp. 409-424). Glenco: The Free Press.
  • Simmel, G. (1957). Fashion, The American Journal of Sociology, 52(6): 541-558.
  • Simmel, G. (1991). Money in Modern Culture. Theory, Culture and Society, 8: 78-196.
  • Simmel, G. (1997). Probleme der Geschichtsphilosophie. In: G: Oakes, & K. Röggers (Eds.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 9 (pp. 227-419). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (1999). Grundfragen der Soziologie. In: G: Fitzi, & O. Rammstedt (Eds.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 16 (:59-149). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (2004). The Philosophy of Money, London: Routledge.
  • Simmel, G. (2008a). Sociology of Competition. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 33 (4): 945-978.
  • Simmel, G. (2008b). Tendencies in German Life and Thought. In D. Frisby (Ed.), Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Band 18 (pp. 167-202). Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
  • Simmel, G. (2009). Sociology. Inquiries into the Construction of Social Forms, Leiden & Boston: Brill.
  • Simmel, G. (2010). View of Life. Four Metaphysical Essays with Journal Aphorisms, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Stephens, Bret (2019): Yes, Venezuela Is a Socialist Catastrophe, The New York Times, 25.01.2019. Retrieved at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/opinion/venezuela-maduro-socialism-government.html
  • Von Mises, L. (1951). Socialism. An Economic and Sociological Analysis, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Ypi, L. (2019). To explain why socialism is attractive, we must look at why liberalism is not. Blog article, 28.03.2019. Retrieved at https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/socialism-liberalism/
  • Zikmund, W. G. (1974). Karl Marx and Georg Simmel: a Dialogue on Socialism and Other Things, Journal of Thought, 9 (1): 51-55.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Pascal Berger Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Berger, P. (2019). Georg Simmel´s contribution towards A sociological theory of socialism. Journal of Ekonomi, 1(1), 43-48.

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