Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 317 - 325, 26.09.2019

Feyza Kazanç Özerinç

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.517556

Abstract

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

Career Award No. 214M332

References

  • [1] International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Turkey, 2016 Review 2016.
  • [2] Mills S. Prospects for coal and clean coal technologies in Turkey. July 2014.
  • [3] IARC. IARC Scientific Publication No. 161: air pollution and cancer. n.d. http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/books/sp161/index.php (accessed February 26, 2018).
  • [4] Al-Mansour F, Zuwala J. An evaluation of biomass co-firing in Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy 2010;34:620–9. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.01.004.
  • [5] Zellagui S, Trouvé G, Schönnenbeck C, Zouaoui-Mahzoul N, Brilhac J. Parametric study on the particulate matter emissions during solid fuel combustion in a drop tube furnace. Fuel 2017;189:358–68.
  • [6] Seames WS. An initial study of the fine fragmentation fly ash particle mode generated during pulverized coal combustion. Fuel Process Technol 2003;81:109–25. doi:10.1016/S0378-3820(03)00006-7.
  • [7] Wolski N, Maier J, Hein KRG. Fine particle formation from co-combustion of sewage sludge and bituminous coal. Fuel Process Technol 2004;85:673–86. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.024.
  • [8] Xu M, Yu D, Yao H, Liu X, Qiao Y. Coal combustion-generated aerosols: Formation and properties. Proc Combust Inst 2011;33:1681–97. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.09.014.
  • [9] Sippula O, Hokkinen J, Puustinen H, Yli-Pirilä P, Jokiniemi J. Comparison of particle emissions from small heavy fuel oil and wood-fired boilers. Atmos Environ 2009;43:4855–64. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.07.022.
  • [10] Wen C, Gao X, Yu Y, Wu J, Xu M, Wu H. Emission of inorganic PM10from included mineral matter during the combustion of pulverized coals of various ranks. Fuel 2015;140:526–30. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.114.
  • [11] Linak WP, Miller CA, Seames WS, Wendt JOL, Ishinomori T, Endo Y, et al. On trimodal particle size distributions in fly ash from pulverized-coal combustion. Proc Combust Inst 2002;29:441–7. doi:10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80058-X.
  • [12] Fix G, Seames W, Mann M, Benson S, Miller D. The effect of combustion temperature on coal ash fine-fragmentation mode formation mechanisms. Fuel 2013;113:140–7. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.096.
  • [13] Zhang L, Ninomiya Y. Emission of suspended PM10from laboratory-scale coal combustion and its correlation with coal mineral properties. Fuel 2006;85:194–203. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.03.034.
  • [14] Kazanc F, Levendis YA, Maffei T. Chemical Composition of Submicrometer Particulate Matter (PM1) Emitted from Combustion of Coals of Various Ranks in O2/N2 and O2/ CO2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2013;27:4984–98.
  • [15] Feng C, Gao X, Wu H. Emission of particulate matter during the combustion of bio-oil and its fractions under air and oxyfuel conditions. Proc Combust Inst 2017;36:4061–8. doi:10.1016/J.PROCI.2016.08.053.
  • [16] Friedl A, Padouvas E, Rotter H, Varmuza K. Prediction of heating values of biomass fuel from elemental composition. Anal Chim Acta 2005;544:191–8. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.041.
  • [17] Majumder AK, Jain R, Banerjee P, Barnwal JP. Development of a new proximate analysis based correlation to predict calorific value of coal. Fuel 2008;87:3077–81. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.008.
  • [18] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal D3174-12. ASTM Int 2011:1–6. doi:10.1520/D3174-12.2.
  • [19] ASTM. Standard test method for ash in biomass E1755 - 01. ASTM 2015;44:153–161. doi:10.1520/E1755-01R15.2.
  • [20] Kazanc F, Levendis YA. Physical Properties of Particulate Matter Emitted from Combustion of Coals of Various Ranks in O 2 /N 2 and O 2 /CO 2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2012;26:7127–39. doi:10.1021/ef301087r.
  • [21] Magalhães D, Panahi A, Kazanç F, Levendis YA. Comparison of single particle combustion behaviours of raw and torrefied biomass with Turkish lignites. Fuel 2019;241:1085–94. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.124.
  • [22] Amanda Ruscio; Feyza Kazanc; and Yiannis A. Levendis. Characterization of Particulate Matter Emitted from Combustion of Various Biomasses in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2013;28:685–96. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef401796w.
  • [23] Magalhaes D, Riaza J, Kazanç F. A study on the reactivity of various chars from Turkish fuels obtained at high heating rates. Fuel Process Technol 2019;185:91–9. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.12.005.

PARTICULATE MATTER FORMATION DURING CO-COMBUSTION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES WITH TURKISH LIGNITE USING A DROP TUBE FURNACE

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 317 - 325, 26.09.2019

Feyza Kazanç Özerinç

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.517556

Abstract

This
study investigates the particulate matter formation during combustion of olive
residue, almond shell, and Tunçbilek lignite. Selected fuels (olive residue and
Tunçbilek lignite) were also co-fired to evaluate the influence on particulate
matter emission. Olive residue was ground to different size ranges (< 125 µm
and 212–300 µm) to investigate the influence of the particle size and blended
in different ratios of biomass / coal to analyse the interactions between
fuels. Tests were performed in a drop tube furnace at high temperature (1000
ºC), with a high heating rate (~104 ºC/s), and short residence time
(~3 s). Fuel was fed into the furnace at a low mass rate of 10 g/h using a
syringe pump. Particulate matter was collected using a 3-stage stack impactor
and categorized according to the aerodynamic diameters, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and
PM10. The results obtained included particle burnout, and particulate matter
concentration. Particle burnout was above 95% for all studied fuels.
Particulate matter emission depended greatly on the fuel and the blend. Olive
residue presented the lowest values of PM2.5 (176 mg/g ash in fuel fed)
compared with both almond shell (214 mg/g ash in fuel fed) and Tunçbilek
lignite (286 mg/g ash in fuel fed). PM10 emission was particularly low for
olive residue (~200 mg/g ash in fuel fed), whereas almond shell and Tunçbilek
lignite showed similar values (~400 mg/g ash in fuel fed). Larger biomass particles
resulted in unchanged particulate matter emissions. Co-firing of the olive
residue with the Tunçbilek lignite resulted in lower PM2.5 (as compared to neat
olive); higher PM2.5-10 (as compared to neat lignite); and lower PM10 (as
compared to lignite). Blends of OR-TL in 25-75 ratio showed lower values of
both PM2.5 and PM10 as compared with the 50-50 blends of the same fuels.

Keywords

Turkish lignite biomass co-firing particulate matter drop tube furnace

Project Number

Career Award No. 214M332

References

  • [1] International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Turkey, 2016 Review 2016.
  • [2] Mills S. Prospects for coal and clean coal technologies in Turkey. July 2014.
  • [3] IARC. IARC Scientific Publication No. 161: air pollution and cancer. n.d. http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/books/sp161/index.php (accessed February 26, 2018).
  • [4] Al-Mansour F, Zuwala J. An evaluation of biomass co-firing in Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy 2010;34:620–9. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.01.004.
  • [5] Zellagui S, Trouvé G, Schönnenbeck C, Zouaoui-Mahzoul N, Brilhac J. Parametric study on the particulate matter emissions during solid fuel combustion in a drop tube furnace. Fuel 2017;189:358–68.
  • [6] Seames WS. An initial study of the fine fragmentation fly ash particle mode generated during pulverized coal combustion. Fuel Process Technol 2003;81:109–25. doi:10.1016/S0378-3820(03)00006-7.
  • [7] Wolski N, Maier J, Hein KRG. Fine particle formation from co-combustion of sewage sludge and bituminous coal. Fuel Process Technol 2004;85:673–86. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.024.
  • [8] Xu M, Yu D, Yao H, Liu X, Qiao Y. Coal combustion-generated aerosols: Formation and properties. Proc Combust Inst 2011;33:1681–97. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.09.014.
  • [9] Sippula O, Hokkinen J, Puustinen H, Yli-Pirilä P, Jokiniemi J. Comparison of particle emissions from small heavy fuel oil and wood-fired boilers. Atmos Environ 2009;43:4855–64. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.07.022.
  • [10] Wen C, Gao X, Yu Y, Wu J, Xu M, Wu H. Emission of inorganic PM10from included mineral matter during the combustion of pulverized coals of various ranks. Fuel 2015;140:526–30. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.114.
  • [11] Linak WP, Miller CA, Seames WS, Wendt JOL, Ishinomori T, Endo Y, et al. On trimodal particle size distributions in fly ash from pulverized-coal combustion. Proc Combust Inst 2002;29:441–7. doi:10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80058-X.
  • [12] Fix G, Seames W, Mann M, Benson S, Miller D. The effect of combustion temperature on coal ash fine-fragmentation mode formation mechanisms. Fuel 2013;113:140–7. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.096.
  • [13] Zhang L, Ninomiya Y. Emission of suspended PM10from laboratory-scale coal combustion and its correlation with coal mineral properties. Fuel 2006;85:194–203. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.03.034.
  • [14] Kazanc F, Levendis YA, Maffei T. Chemical Composition of Submicrometer Particulate Matter (PM1) Emitted from Combustion of Coals of Various Ranks in O2/N2 and O2/ CO2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2013;27:4984–98.
  • [15] Feng C, Gao X, Wu H. Emission of particulate matter during the combustion of bio-oil and its fractions under air and oxyfuel conditions. Proc Combust Inst 2017;36:4061–8. doi:10.1016/J.PROCI.2016.08.053.
  • [16] Friedl A, Padouvas E, Rotter H, Varmuza K. Prediction of heating values of biomass fuel from elemental composition. Anal Chim Acta 2005;544:191–8. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.041.
  • [17] Majumder AK, Jain R, Banerjee P, Barnwal JP. Development of a new proximate analysis based correlation to predict calorific value of coal. Fuel 2008;87:3077–81. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.008.
  • [18] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal D3174-12. ASTM Int 2011:1–6. doi:10.1520/D3174-12.2.
  • [19] ASTM. Standard test method for ash in biomass E1755 - 01. ASTM 2015;44:153–161. doi:10.1520/E1755-01R15.2.
  • [20] Kazanc F, Levendis YA. Physical Properties of Particulate Matter Emitted from Combustion of Coals of Various Ranks in O 2 /N 2 and O 2 /CO 2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2012;26:7127–39. doi:10.1021/ef301087r.
  • [21] Magalhães D, Panahi A, Kazanç F, Levendis YA. Comparison of single particle combustion behaviours of raw and torrefied biomass with Turkish lignites. Fuel 2019;241:1085–94. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.124.
  • [22] Amanda Ruscio; Feyza Kazanc; and Yiannis A. Levendis. Characterization of Particulate Matter Emitted from Combustion of Various Biomasses in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 Environments. Energy & Fuels 2013;28:685–96. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef401796w.
  • [23] Magalhaes D, Riaza J, Kazanç F. A study on the reactivity of various chars from Turkish fuels obtained at high heating rates. Fuel Process Technol 2019;185:91–9. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.12.005.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Feyza Kazanç Özerinç 0000-0002-3850-3071

Project Number Career Award No. 214M332
Publication Date September 26, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Kazanç Özerinç F. PARTICULATE MATTER FORMATION DURING CO-COMBUSTION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES WITH TURKISH LIGNITE USING A DROP TUBE FURNACE. Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering. September 2019;20(3):317-325. doi:10.18038/estubtda.517556