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Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Lipsticks Sold in Local Markets in Iraq

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 147 - 160, 28.02.2023

Fatima Mohammed , Maryam Abdulghafor Ahmed Hadeel M. Oraibi

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1154686
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Heavy metals found in cosmetics are a safety threat to the health of consumers. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the levels of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) in lipstick makeup. The level of heavy metals in lipstick was discovered by using an analytical technique with high selectivity and sensitivity, namely atomic absorption spectrometry. Twenty lipsticks were selected from the same brands, yet differing in price. Ten original (expensive) and ten knockoff (cheap) lipsticks were chosen from shops in Diyala, Iraq. The detection-limit (LOD) was in between 0.01 and 0.1, the quantification-limit (LOQ) was within 0.03 and 0.33, the recovery values (Rec.%) ranged from 100.17% to 101.1%, the RE values were 0.81%, and the RSD values were 1.33%. The results also revealed that the levels of metals are in the order of Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Cr. However, the levels of heavy metals that were estimated in this study were less than the permissible limit set by the executive authorities, so there seems to be no concern associated with these heavy metals. However, the daily and frequent use of lipstick by women exposes them to low levels of toxic metals as these metals accumulate over time and pose adverse effects on the health of the users. The results of the hazard quotient (HQ) and health risk index (HI) indicate there was no harmful effect on human health related to heavy metals present in lipstick. Whereas the results of the biological activity of the samples indicated that there was no bacterial growth in expensive samples, cheap samples were contaminated with some types of organisms; this indicates poor quality.

Keywords

Cosmetics Heavy metals Toxicity effects Health risk assessment Biological activity.

Supporting Institution

Collage of science, University of Diyala, Iraq.

Project Number

1

References

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Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 147 - 160, 28.02.2023

Fatima Mohammed , Maryam Abdulghafor Ahmed Hadeel M. Oraibi

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1154686
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Project Number

1

References

  • 1. Balarastaghi S, Khashaiarmanesh Z, Makhdoumi P, Alavizadeh SH, Sameie Moghadam Z, Shirani K, Karimi G. Determination of toxic element levels (lead and cadmium) in commonly used cosmetic products in Iran. Toxin Reviews. 2018 Apr 3;37(2):117-22.
  • 2. Marinoa T, Iovinea A, Casellab P, Martinoc M, Chianesea S, Laroccac V, Musmarra D, Molino A. From Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae a powerful antioxidant for cosmetic applications. Chem. Eng. 2020;79:271-6.
  • 3. Sani A, Gaya MB, Abubakar FA. Determination of some heavy metals in selected cosmetic products sold in kano metropolis, Nigeria. Toxicology reports. 2016 Jan 1;3:866-9.
  • 4. Karanje PS, Doijad RC, Bhosale RR. Formulation and evaluation of herbal lipstick containing amaranthus cruentus linn. Int. J. Res. Anal. Rev. 2020 Mar;7:246-55.
  • 5. Gurrieri L, Drenten J. The feminist politics of choice: lipstick as a marketplace icon. Consumption Markets & Culture. 2021 May 4;24(3):225-40.
  • 6. Oklo AD, Enenche DE, Aondoakaa MA. Heavy metals in some lipstick products marketed in Makurdi metropolis, Benue state Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2020 Mar 23;5(2).
  • 7. Shukri NM, Bashir NA, Shohaimi NA, Abdullah WN, Abdullah NH, Ab Halim AZ, Salleh NF. Assessment of permissible limits for heavy metals in various inspired and authentic lipsticks. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry. 2020.
  • 8. Batista ÉF, dos Santos Augusto A, Pereira-Filho ER. Chemometric evaluation of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) and Pb (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry) concentrations in lipstick samples intended to be used by adults and children. Talanta. 2016 Apr 1;150:206-12.
  • 9. Parizi MG, Sedaghat Z, Mazloomi M, Fararouei M. Serum level of lead and cadmium is linked to facial cosmetics use among Iranian young women. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021 Mar;28(11):13913-8.
  • 10. Chophi R, Sharma S, Sharma S, Singh R. Trends in the forensic analysis of cosmetic evidence. Forensic Chemistry. 2019 Jun 1;14:100165.
  • 11. Ayenimo JG, Yusuf AM, Adekunle AS, Makinde OW. Heavy metal exposure from personal care products. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2010 Jan;84(1):8-14.
  • 12. Volpe MG, Nazzaro M, Coppola R, Rapuano F, Aquino RP. Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics from China, Italy, and USA. Microchemical Journal. 2012 Mar 1;101:65-9.
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  • 14. Sainio EL, Jolanki R, Hakala E, Kanerva L. Metals and arsenic in eye shadows. Contact dermatitis. 2000 Jan;42(1):5-10
  • 15. Ullah H, Noreen S, Rehman A, Waseem A, Zubair S, Adnan M, Ahmad I. Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2017 Jan 1;10(1):10-8.
  • 16. Abdulkareem EA, Abdulsattar JO, Abdulsattar BO. Iron (II) Determination in Lipstick Samples using Spectrophotometric and Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (µPADs) Platform via Complexation Reaction with Iron Chelator 1, 10-phenanthroline: A Comparative Study. Baghdad Sci. J. 2022;19(2):355-67.
  • 17. Zakaria A, Ho YB. Heavy metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. 2015 Oct 1;73(1):191-5.
  • 18. Zainy FM. Heavy metals in lipstick products marketed in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications. 2017 Nov 9;7(4):336-48.
  • 19. Sharafi K, Fatahi N, Yarmohammadi H, Moradi M, Dargahi A. Determination of cadmium and Lead concentrations in cosmetics (lipstick and hair color) in Kermanshah markets. Journal of Health. 2017 May 10;8(2):143-50.
  • 20. Copat C, Grasso A, Fiore M, Cristaldi A, Zuccarello P, Santo Signorelli S, Conti GO, Ferrante M. Trace elements in seafood from the Mediterranean sea: An exposure risk assessment. Food and chemical toxicology. 2018 May 1;115:13-9.
  • 21. Saadatzadeh A, Afzalan S, Zadehdabagh R, Tishezan L, Najafi N, Seyedtabib M, Noori SM. Determination of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury) in authorized and unauthorized cosmetics. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology. 2019 Jul 3;38(3):207-11.
  • 22. Arshad H, Mehmood MZ, Shah MH, Abbasi AM. Evaluation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and their health risk assessment. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2020 Jul 1;28(7):779-90.
  • 23. Świerczek L, Cieślik B, Matysiak A, Konieczka P. Determination of heavy metals in eyeshadows from China. Monatshefte für Chemie-Chemical Monthly. 2019 Sep;150(9):1675-80.
  • 24. Ghaderpoori M, Kamarehie B, Jafari A, Alinejad AA, Hashempour Y, Saghi MH, Yousefi M, Oliveri Conti G, Mohammadi AA, Ghaderpoury A, Ferrante M. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetic products sold in Iran: the Monte Carlo simulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020 Mar;27(7):7588-95.
  • 25. Abdulkareem EA, Abdulsattar JO. Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Cosmetic Products Marketed in Iraq Using Spectrophotometric and Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (µPADs) Platform. Baghdad Science Journal. 2022:1286-.
  • 26. Pawlaczyk A, Gajek M, Balcerek M, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI. Determination of Metallic Impurities by ICP-MS Technique in Eyeshadows Purchased in Poland. Part I. Molecules. 2021 Nov 8;26(21):6753.
  • 27. Mrmošanin J, Pavlović A, Mitić S, Tošić S, Pecev-Marinković E, Krstić J, Nikolić M. The Evaluation of ICP OES for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Lipsticks: Health Risk Assessment. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2019 Dec 18;66(4):802-13.
  • 28. Rehan I, Gondal MA, Rehan K, Sultana S, Khan S, Rehman MU, Waheed A, Salman SM. Nondestructive Determination of Chromium, Nickel, and Zinc in Neem Leaves and Facial Care Products by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Analytical Letters. 2022 Apr 13;55(6):990-1003.
  • 29. Rawat K, Sharma N, Singh VK. X‐Ray Fluorescence and Comparison with Other Analytical Methods (AAS, ICP‐AES, LA‐ICP‐MS, IC, LIBS, SEM‐EDS, and XRD). X‐Ray Fluorescence in Biological Sciences: Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications. 2022 Apr 4:1-20.
  • 30. Kilic S, Kilic M, Soylak M. The determination of toxic metals in some traditional cosmetic products and health risk assessment. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021 Jun;199(6):2272-7.
  • 31. Zhong WS, Ren T, Zhao LJ. Determination of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), and Ni (Nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of food and drug analysis. 2016 Jan 1;24(1):46-55.
  • 32. Fernández-Martínez R, Rucandio I, Gómez-Pinilla I, Borlaf F, García F, Larrea MT. Evaluation of different digestion systems for determination of trace mercury in seaweeds by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2015 Mar 1;38:7-12.
  • 33. Khalaf HS, Al-Haidari AM, Dikran SB, Mohammed AK. Spectrophotometric determination of sulfamethoxazole following simple diazotization and coupling with diphenylamine. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science. 2017 Apr 12;27(3):365-80.
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There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Analytical Chemistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatima Mohammed 0000-0001-5106-319X

Maryam Abdulghafor Ahmed This is me 0000-0003-1399-4924

Hadeel M. Oraibi 0000-0003-1759-5699

Project Number 1
Publication Date February 28, 2023
Submission Date August 3, 2022
Acceptance Date December 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Mohammed F, Abdulghafor Ahmed M, M. Oraibi H. Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Lipsticks Sold in Local Markets in Iraq. JOTCSA. 2023;10(1):147-60.

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