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The Efficacy of Medical Check-up Programs in Screening Healthy, Asymptomatic Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: Supplement (1) - Innovations in Medicine and Healthcare in the 100th Year of the Republic, 27 - 32, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1314861

Abstract

Aim: Healthy asymptomatic individuals can be screened for various diseases using medical check-up programs. On the other hand, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (PD), which are common metabolic disorders, are increasing worldwide. In this context, this study aims to determine the prevalence of DM and PD among the asymptomatic participants of a medical check-up program.
Material and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 440 healthy, asymptomatic volunteers aged 40 years or older who attended a medical check-up program conducted between January and August 2021. Patients with confirmed morbidities or regular medication use and pregnant women were excluded from the study. All study participants underwent physical examination, laboratory test, and sonographic assessment. The study participants were grouped according to their glycemic states, i.e., DM, PD, and normoglycemia (NG). The study's primary outcomes were the prevalence of DM and PD.
Results: The prevalence of DM and PD among the study participants was 12.5% (n=55) and 58.9% (n=259), respectively. The number of males was significantly higher in Group DM than in Groups PD and NG (p=0.014). Additionally, Group DM was significantly older than Groups PD and NG (p<0.001). Furthermore, there were significantly more participants in Group DM with high urea, creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (p>0.05 for all cases).
Conclusion: The prevalence of DM and PD in presumed healthy asymptomatic participants was 12.5% and 58.9%, respectively, indicating unusually high prevalence in this population. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that it is imperative that presumed healthy individuals are screened within the scope of medical check-up programs and followed closely afterward.

References

  • Sarier M, Demir M, Emek M, Turgut H. Hematuria frequency and association with abnormal urological findings in medical check-up patients. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25:310-4.
  • Matsumoto Y, Nadatani Y, Otani K, et al. Prevalence and risk factor for chronic diarrhea in participants of a Japanese medical check-up. JGH Open. 2021;6:69-75.
  • Takeuchi M, Shinkawa K, Yanagita M, Kawakami K. Prevalence, recognition and management of chronic kidney disease in Japan: population-based estimate using a healthcare database with routine health checkup data. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14:2197-202.
  • Ito H, Kojima S, Moriyama K, et al. Analysis of comorbidity for patients with pancreatic cysts in medical check-up screening. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 2022;47:60-3.
  • Lei F, Qin JJ, Song X, et al. The prevalence of MAFLD and its association with atrial fibrillation in a nationwide health check-up population in China. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:1007171.
  • Sathiyamoorthi S, Anand DP, Muthunarayanan L. Is master health check-up the answer to tackle the rising non-communicable disease burden in India? - A cross-sectional study. J Lifestyle Med. 2019;9:111-8.
  • Alzahrani AM, Felix HC, Al-Etesh NS. Characteristics associated with knowledge about periodic health examinations among adults in Al-Jouf region, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;18:652-9.
  • Kahaer M, Zhang B, Chen W, et al. Triglyceride glucose index is more closely related to hyperuricemia than obesity indices in the medical check-up population in Xinjiang, China. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:861760.
  • Kurisu S, Sasaki H, Kishimoto S, et al. Clinical polyneuropathy does not increase with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome in the Japanese general population. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10:1565-75.
  • Kitazawa A, Maeda S, Fukuda Y. Fatty liver index as a predictive marker for the development of diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using Japanese health check-up data. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0257352.
  • Liu G, Tao L, Zhu Q, et al. Association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among health check-up population in Japan: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1027262.
  • Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zheng H, et al. Association between serum uric acid/HDL-cholesterol ratio and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on a health check-up population. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e066243.
  • Lapić I, Rogić D, Nikolac Gabaj N, et al. Haemoglobin A1c-based screening for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study in Croatian adult population. Biochem Med. 2022;32:010903.
  • Wang Y, Wang L, Su Y, et al. Prediction model for the onset risk of impaired fasting glucose: a 10-year longitudinal retrospective cohort health check-up study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:211.
  • Değertekin B, Tozun N, Demir F, et al. The changing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Turkey in the last decade. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2021;32:302-12.
  • Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Perreault L, Ji L, Dagogo-Jack S. Diagnosis and management of prediabetes: a review. JAMA. 2023;329:1206-16.
  • Tangjittipokin W, Srisawat L, Teerawattanapong N, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome in seemingly healthy persons at a health check-up clinic. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022;15:1585-94.
  • Chen K, Shen Z, Gu W, et al. Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: a cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Aug 17. doi: 10.1111/dom.15238. [Epub ahead of print.]
  • Kumar P, Rawat S, Kakar A, Sinha AK. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among diabetes, prediabetes and healthy population. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11:7640-3.
  • Morinaga A, Iwanaga K, Maki K, et al. Association between serum ALT levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in general population of Japanese: a longitudinal observational study (ISSA-CKD). BMJ Open. 2023;13:e074007.
  • Man S, Deng Y, Ma Y, et al. Prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general population and various high-risk populations: a nationwide study with 5.7 million adults in China. Gastroenterology. 2023;165:1025-40.
Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: Supplement (1) - Innovations in Medicine and Healthcare in the 100th Year of the Republic, 27 - 32, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1314861

Abstract

References

  • Sarier M, Demir M, Emek M, Turgut H. Hematuria frequency and association with abnormal urological findings in medical check-up patients. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25:310-4.
  • Matsumoto Y, Nadatani Y, Otani K, et al. Prevalence and risk factor for chronic diarrhea in participants of a Japanese medical check-up. JGH Open. 2021;6:69-75.
  • Takeuchi M, Shinkawa K, Yanagita M, Kawakami K. Prevalence, recognition and management of chronic kidney disease in Japan: population-based estimate using a healthcare database with routine health checkup data. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14:2197-202.
  • Ito H, Kojima S, Moriyama K, et al. Analysis of comorbidity for patients with pancreatic cysts in medical check-up screening. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 2022;47:60-3.
  • Lei F, Qin JJ, Song X, et al. The prevalence of MAFLD and its association with atrial fibrillation in a nationwide health check-up population in China. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:1007171.
  • Sathiyamoorthi S, Anand DP, Muthunarayanan L. Is master health check-up the answer to tackle the rising non-communicable disease burden in India? - A cross-sectional study. J Lifestyle Med. 2019;9:111-8.
  • Alzahrani AM, Felix HC, Al-Etesh NS. Characteristics associated with knowledge about periodic health examinations among adults in Al-Jouf region, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;18:652-9.
  • Kahaer M, Zhang B, Chen W, et al. Triglyceride glucose index is more closely related to hyperuricemia than obesity indices in the medical check-up population in Xinjiang, China. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:861760.
  • Kurisu S, Sasaki H, Kishimoto S, et al. Clinical polyneuropathy does not increase with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome in the Japanese general population. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10:1565-75.
  • Kitazawa A, Maeda S, Fukuda Y. Fatty liver index as a predictive marker for the development of diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using Japanese health check-up data. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0257352.
  • Liu G, Tao L, Zhu Q, et al. Association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among health check-up population in Japan: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1027262.
  • Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zheng H, et al. Association between serum uric acid/HDL-cholesterol ratio and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on a health check-up population. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e066243.
  • Lapić I, Rogić D, Nikolac Gabaj N, et al. Haemoglobin A1c-based screening for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study in Croatian adult population. Biochem Med. 2022;32:010903.
  • Wang Y, Wang L, Su Y, et al. Prediction model for the onset risk of impaired fasting glucose: a 10-year longitudinal retrospective cohort health check-up study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:211.
  • Değertekin B, Tozun N, Demir F, et al. The changing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Turkey in the last decade. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2021;32:302-12.
  • Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Perreault L, Ji L, Dagogo-Jack S. Diagnosis and management of prediabetes: a review. JAMA. 2023;329:1206-16.
  • Tangjittipokin W, Srisawat L, Teerawattanapong N, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome in seemingly healthy persons at a health check-up clinic. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022;15:1585-94.
  • Chen K, Shen Z, Gu W, et al. Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: a cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Aug 17. doi: 10.1111/dom.15238. [Epub ahead of print.]
  • Kumar P, Rawat S, Kakar A, Sinha AK. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among diabetes, prediabetes and healthy population. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11:7640-3.
  • Morinaga A, Iwanaga K, Maki K, et al. Association between serum ALT levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in general population of Japanese: a longitudinal observational study (ISSA-CKD). BMJ Open. 2023;13:e074007.
  • Man S, Deng Y, Ma Y, et al. Prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general population and various high-risk populations: a nationwide study with 5.7 million adults in China. Gastroenterology. 2023;165:1025-40.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Family Medicine
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Alpaslan Mert 0000-0002-5230-7069

Publication Date October 19, 2023
Acceptance Date August 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: Supplement (1) - Innovations in Medicine and Healthcare in the 100th Year of the Republic

Cite

AMA Mert A. The Efficacy of Medical Check-up Programs in Screening Healthy, Asymptomatic Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med Records. October 2023;5(Supplement (1):27-32. doi:10.37990/medr.1314861

17741

Chief Editors

Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Türkiye

E-mail: medrecsjournal@gmail.com

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