TY  - JOUR
T1  - Processual Form in Sufi Dhikr Ritual
AU  - Güner, Burçin Bahadır
PY  - 2022
DA  - December
DO  - 10.33906/musicologist.1014113
JF  - Musicologist
JO  - Musicologist
PB  - Trabzon University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2618-5652
SP  - 110
EP  - 123
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - For four hundred years, the zikir ritual has been performed weekly in Kadirîhâne in Istanbul. Sufi rituals are believed to have been compiled by the founder (pîr) of the order. The ritual conductor (şeyh, postnişin) symbolizes the founder. The ritual form consists of chanting (dhikr) several divine names (esmâ). While participants perform the divine names with drone-like melodic repetitions or guttural rhythmic ostinatos, musicians perform songs, recitations, and improvisations. Through rhythmic enunciation, body sway, and breath control, these chants are embodied as ostinatos while music varies the mood. The ostinato polyphony between the derviş and zakir, as well as the succession of the divine names symbolizes unity (tevhid) in different ways. The manners and the formality of the ritual (ethics) and their musical expressions (aesthetics) implies harmony that leads to communal and/or individual unity. This article examines the form and content of the ritual, and shows their relation to Sufi concepts.
KW  - Sufism
KW  - Qadiriyya
KW  - Ritual
KW  - Ayin
KW  - Dhikr
KW  - Chant
KW  - Ostinato
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1014113
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2043922
ER  -