TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Static Stretching Exercises at Different Times on Heart Rate Variability Before Anaerobic Capacity Test TT - Anaerobik Kapasite Testi Öncesi Farklı Sürelerde Statik Germe Egzersizlerinin Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliğine Etkisi AU - Alparslan, Tuncay AU - Arabacı, Ramiz AU - Güngör, Ali Kamil AU - Şenol, Levent AU - Küçük, Nuran PY - 2022 DA - June Y2 - 2022 DO - 10.25307/jssr.1053448 JF - Journal of Sport Sciences Research JO - JSSR PB - Kadir YILDIZ WT - DergiPark SN - 2548-0723 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 7 IS - 1 LA - en AB - This study aimed to examine the acute effect of different durations of static stretching on heart rate variability (HRV) and, the anaerobic capacity of moderately physically active men during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) at two different pre-exercise periods. Sixty-five healthy young male volunteers performed 10 s static stretching (STS) and 30 s static stretching (LTS) consisting of five static stretching exercises before WAnT on two non-consecutive days. HRV was measured pre (60 s), during (30 s) and post (60 s) WAnT after two different periods of static stretching. Anaerobic capacity variables were also measured during WAnT. STS and LTS had similar effects on other HRV parameters except for Mean-RR during the WAnT. There was no significant difference between the protocols applied in any of the anaerobic capacity test values. But there was a negatively significant relationship between the average power output of 30 s static stretching and pNN50. This result has shown that STS and LTS exercises have a similar effect during maximal exercise, so if the practitioners carry out static stretching exercises before maximal or high-intensity exercise, it is recommended to perform the STS exercise in terms of the economy of the exercise. KW - Autonomic Nervous System KW - Anaerobic Performance KW - Stretching N2 - Bu çalışmanın amacı, egzersiz öncesi iki farklı sürelerde uygulanan yapılan aktif statik germenin Wingate anaerobik testi (WAnT) sırasında orta derecede fiziksel olarak aktif erkeklerde kalp hızı değişkenliği (HRV) ve anaerobik kapasite üzerindeki akut etkisini incelemektir. Altmış beş sağlıklı genç erkek gönüllü, art arda olmayan iki farklı günde WAnT öncesi beş statik germe egzersizinden oluşan 10 s statik germe (STS) ve 30 s statik germe (LTS) uyguladı. HRV, iki farklı statik germe süresinden sonra WAnT öncesi (60 s), sırasında (30 s) ve sonrasında (60 s) ölçülmüştür. WAnT sırasında anaerobik kapasite değişkenleri de ölçülmüştür. STS ve LTS, WAnT sırasında Mean-RR dışında diğer HRV parametreleri üzerinde benzer etkilere sahipti. Anaerobik kapasite test değerlerinden hiçbirinde uygulanan protokoller arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Ancak 30 s statik gerdirmenin ortalama güç çıkışı ile pNN50 arasında negatif anlamlı bir ilişki vardı. Bu sonuçlarla STS ve LTS egzersizleri maksimal egzersiz sırasında benzer bir etkiye sahiptir, bu nedenle uygulayıcılar maksimal veya yüksek yoğunluklu egzersizden önce statik germe egzersizi yapıyorsa, egzersizin ekonomisi açısından STS egzersizinin yapılması önerilir. CR - Batterham, A.M., & Hopkins, W.G. (2006). Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.1.50 CR - Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2 CR - Behm, D. G., Blazevich, A. J., Kay, A. D., & McHugh, M. (2016). Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0235 CR - Buchheit, M., Laursen, P. B., & Ahmaidi, S. (2007). Parasympathetic reactivation after repeated sprint exercise. American journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 293(1), H133-H141. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00062.2007 CR - Caldwell, S.L., Bilodeau, R.L., Cox, M.J., Peddle, D., Cavanaugh, T., Young, J.D., & Behm, D.G. (2019). Unilateral hamstrings static stretching can impair the affected and contralateral knee extension force but improve unilateral drop jump height. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(9), 1943-1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0042101904182-x CR - Cottin, F., Médigue, C., Leprêtre, P. M., Papelier, Y., Koralsztein, J. P., & Billat, V. (2004). Heart rate variability during exercise performed below and above ventilatory threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(4), 594-600. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000121982.14718.2 CR - Driller, M. W., Argus, C. K., & Shing, C. M. (2013). The reliability of a 30-s sprint test on the Wattbike cycle ergometer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(4), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.4.379 CR - Gladwell, V. F., & Coote, J. H. (2002). Heart rate at the onset of muscle contraction and during passive muscle stretch in humans: a role for mechanoreceptors. The Journal of Physiology, 540(3), 1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013486 CR - Goldberger, J. J., Le, F. K., Lahiri, M., Kannankeril, P. J., Ng, J., & Kadish, A. H. (2006). Assessment of parasympathetic reactivation after exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 290(6), H2446-H2452. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01118.2005 CR - Farinatti, P. T., Brandão, C., Soares, P. P., & Duarte, A. F. (2011). Acute effects of stretching exercise on the heart rate variability in subjects with low flexibility levels. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1579-1585. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06ce1 CR - Franco, B. L., Signorelli, G. R., Trajano, G. S., Costa, P. B., & de Oliveira, C. G. (2012). Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the Wingate test performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11(1), 1. PMCID: PMC3737835, PMID: 24149116 CR - Greiser, K. H., Kluttig, A., Schumann, B., Swenne, C. A., Kors, J. A., Kuss, O., & Werdan, K. (2009). Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors and short-term heart rate variability in an elderly general population: the CARLA study 2002–2006. European Journal of Epidemiology, 24(3), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-009-9317-z CR - Inami, T., Shimizu, T., Baba, R., & Nakagaki, A. (2014). Acute changes in autonomic nerve activity during passive static stretching. Am J Sports Sci Med, 2(4), 166-70. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-2-4-9 CR - Javorka, M., Žila, I., Balhárek, T., & Javorka, K. (2003). On‐and off‐responses of heart rate to exercise–relations to heart rate variability. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 23(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-097X.2003.00460.x CR - Kay, A. D., & Blazevich, A. J. (2012). Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(1), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318225cb27 CR - Khattab, K., Khattab, A. A., Ortak, J., Richardt, G., & Bonnemeier, H. (2007). Iyengar yoga increases cardiac parasympathetic nervous modulation among healthy yoga practitioners. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4(4), 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem087 CR - Kruse, N. T., & Scheuermann, B. W. (2017). Cardiovascular responses to skeletal muscle stretching: “Stretching” the truth or a new exercise paradigm for cardiovascular medicine. Sports Medicine, 47(12), 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0768-1 CR - Lahiri, M.K., Kannankeril, P.J., & Goldberger, J.J. (2008). Assessment of autonomic function in cardiovascular disease. Physiological basis and prognostic implications. Journal of the American college of Cardiology, 51(18), 1725-1733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.038 CR - Leone, P., Shera, D., McPhee, S.W., Franci, J.S., Kolodny, E.H., & Bilaniuk, L.T. (2012). Long-Term Follow-Up After Gene Therapy for Canavan Disease. Science Translational Medicine, 4(165), 165-163. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003454 CR - Matsuo, S., Suzuki, S., Iwata, M., Banno, Y., Asai, Y., Tsuchida, W., & Inoue, T. (2013). Acute effects of different stretching durations on passive torque, mobility, and isometric muscle force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(12), 3367-3376. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318290c26f CR - Ng, J., Sundaram, S., Kadish, A.H., & Goldberger, J.J. (2009). Autonomic effects on the spectral analysis of heart rate variability after exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 297(4), H1421-H1428, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2009 CR - Ogura, Y., Miyahara, Y., Naito, H., Katamoto, S., & Aoki, J. (2009). Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 788-792. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-18785.1 CR - Opplert, J., & Babault, N. (2018). Acute Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Muscle Flexibility and Performance: An Analysis of the Current Literature. Sports Medicine, 48(2), 299-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0797-9 CR - Oshita, K., Yamaguchi, K., & Ariyoshi, K. (2016). Effect of 30 s of static active stretching on anaerobic power using the Wingate test. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.15282/MOHE.V5I2.117 CR - Pal, G.K., Adithan, C., Ananthanarayanan, P.H., Pal, P., Nanda, N., & Durgadevi, T. (2019). Sympathovagal Imbalance contributes to prehypertension status and cardiovascular risks attributed by insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics. PLoS One, 8(11), e78072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078072 CR - Palmer, T.B., Pineda, J.G., Cruz, M.R., & Agu-Udemba, C.C. (2019). Duration-dependent effects of passive static stretching on musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography characteristics of the hamstrings. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(3), 717-726. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003031 CR - Pulverenti, T.S., Trajano, G.S., Kirk, B.J., & Blazevich, A.J. (2019). The loss of muscle force production after muscle stretching is not accompanied by altered corticospinal excitability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(10), 2287-2299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04212-8 CR - Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(1), 278–284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284 CR - Santos, C.X., Beltrão, N.B., Pirauá, A.L., Durigan, J.L., Behm, D., & Araújo, R.C. (2019). Static Stretching Intensity Does Not Influence Acute Range of Motion, Passive Torque, and Muscle Architecture. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0178 CR - Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J.P. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in Public Health, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258 CR - Silva-Batista, C., Urso, R.P., Silva, A.E.L., & Bertuzzi, R. (2013). Associations between fitness tests and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form in healthy men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(12), 3481-3487.1. https://doi.org/0.1519/JSC.0b013e31828f1efa CR - Tarvainen, M.P., Niskanen, J.P., Lipponen, J.A., Ranta-Aho, P.O., & Karjalainen, P.A. (2014). Kubios HRV–heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 113(1), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024 CR - Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological ınterpretation, and clinical use. Eur Heart J, (17), 354–381. PMID: 8737210 CR - Trajano, G.S., Seitz, L., Nosaka, K., & Blazevich, A.J. (2013). Contribution of central vs. peripheral factors to the force loss induced by passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(2), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00333.2013 CR - Weymann, M.M., Janshoff, G., & Mueck, H. (2014). Stretching increases heart rate variability in healthy athletes complaining about limited muscular flexibility. Clin Auton Res, (14), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-004-0123-0 CR - Young, W., & Behm, D. (2002). Should static stretching be used during a warm-up for strength and power activities? Strength Cond J., (24), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548200212000-00006 UR - https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1053448 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2174984 ER -