TY  - JOUR
T1  - GIDA KATKI MADDESİ SODYUM BENZOATIN OKSİDATİF STRES VE GENOTOKSİSİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
TT  - INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FOOD ADDITIVE SODIUM BENZOATE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GENOTOXICITY
AU  - İlhan, İlter
AU  - Doguc, Duygu
AU  - Tepebaşı, Muhammet Yusuf
AU  - Sancer, Okan
AU  - Büyükbayram, Halil İbrahim
PY  - 2023
DA  - September
Y2  - 2022
DO  - 10.17343/sdutfd.1091801
JF  - Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University
JO  - Med J SDU
PB  - Süleyman Demirel University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1300-7416
SP  - 276
EP  - 283
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
LA  - tr
AB  - AmaçSon yıllarda gıda katkı maddelerinin kullanımında belirginartış vardır. Doğumdan ölüme kadar maruz kalınanbu maddelerin, insanlarda uzun süreli tüketimebağlı olarak oluşturabileceği yan etkiler oldukça önemkazanmıştır. Çalışmamızda özellikle puberte öncesisıçanlarda sodyum benzoata maruziyetin oksidatifstres ve genotoksisite açılarından değerlendirilmesiniamaçladık.Gereç ve YöntemKırk iki adet, 4 haftalık erkek sıçan, kontrol (n=14),deney 1 (Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) dozunda sodyumbenzoat, n=14) ve deney 2 (No Advers Effect Level(NOAEL) dozunda sodyum benzoat, n=14) gruplarışeklinde 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Altı hafta süresinceoral gavaj uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda sakrifiyeedilen sıçanların kan örneklerinden biyokimyasal parametreler(glukoz, kreatinin, AST, ALT, ALP, lipid profili,total protein, albümin), total oksidan status (TOS),total antioksidan status (TAS), iskemi modifiye albümin(İMA) ölçülmüş ve Comet yöntemi ile DNA hasarıdeğerlendirilmiştir. Ölçülen TOS ve TAS parametrelerindenoksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) hesaplanmıştır.BulgularNOAEL dozu sodyum benzoat uygulanan sıçanlardaALT ve kreatinin seviyeleri yükselmiştir. Ayrıca TOS,IMA ve OSİ seviyeleri NOAEL grubunda yüksek ikenTAS seviyeleri düşük bulunmuştur. Bunlara ek olarakNOAEL dozunda sodyum benzoat DNA hasarına yolaçmıştır.SonuçÇalışmamızda, prepubertal dönem sıçanlarda ADIdozunda sodyum benzoat uygulamasının, olumsuzbir etkisi gözlemlenmemiştir. Diğer taraftan NOAELdozunda sodyum benzoat uygulamasının böbrek vekaraciğer fonksiyonlarını bozduğunu ve oksidatif stresile genotoksisiteye yol açabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
KW  - Comet
KW  - Gıda katkı maddesi
KW  - Oksidatif
stres
KW  - Sodyum benzoat
N2  - ObjectiveRecently, there has been a significant increase in theuse of food additives. Generation of possible sideeffects depending on the long-term consumptionof these substances from birth to death has gainedimportance in humans. In our study, we aimed toevaluate the exposure to sodium benzoate in termsof oxidative stress and genotoxicity, especially inprepubertal rats.Material and MethodIn our study, 42 male rats (4 weeks-old) divided intothree groups as the control (n=14), experiment 1(sodium benzoate Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) dose,n=14) and experiment 2 (sodium benzoate No AdversEffect Level (NOAEL)dose, n=14) groups and sodiumbenzoate was administration by oral gavage for 6weeks. At the end of the study, rats were sacrified andbiochemical parameters (glucose, creatinine, AST,ALT, ALP, lipid profile, total protein, albumin), totaloxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS),ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were measured,and DNA damage was evaluated by Comet analysis.Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated from theTOS and TAS parameters.ResultsALT and creatinine levels were increased with theNOAEL dosage of sodium benzoate. In addition, TOS,IMA and OSI levels were elevated, while TAS levelswere decreased in the NOAEL group. Also, NOAELdose of sodium benzoate significantly caused DNAdamage.ConclusionsIn our study, no adverse effect was observed in theadministration of sodium benzoate at the dose ofADI in prepubertal rats. On the other hand, we foundthat NOAEL dose of sodium benzoate impairs kidneyand liver functions and causes oxidative stress andgenotoxicity.
CR  - 1. Ünlütürk A, Turantaş F. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi. Mengi Tan Basımevi,
1. Baskı. ISBN 975-483-383-4, İzmir; 1998.
CR  - 2. Coşkun F. Gıdalarda bulunan doğal koruyucular. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi 2006; (2): 27-33.
CR  - 3. Özdemir H, Turhan AB, Arıkoğlu H. Potasyum sorbat, sodyum
benzoat ve sodyum nitrit'in genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması.
European Journal of Basic Medical Science. 2012;2:34-40.
CR  - 4. Additives EPoF, Sources N. Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation
of benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium
benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213) as food
additives. EFSA Journal. 2016;14(3):4433.
CR  - 5. World Health Organization. Evaluation of certain food additives
and contaminants [Internet]. WHO Technical Report Series
909. 2002 [cited 15 January 2022]. Available from: https://apps.
who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42578/WHO_TRS_909.
pdf?sequence=1.
CR  - 6. Çalışır ZE, Çalışkan D. Food additives and effects on the human
health. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University.
2003;32(3):193-206.
CR  - 7. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Provisional
Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Benzoic Acid. [cited 15 January
2022]. Available from https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.
cgi/P1010QFV.PDF?Dockey=P1010QFV.PDF
CR  - 8. Kubota K, Ishizaki T. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of
benzoic acid following oral administration of sodium benzoate
to humans. European journal of clinical pharmacology.
1991;41(4):363-8.
CR  - 9. Feillet F, Leonard J. Alternative pathway therapy for urea
cycle disorders. Journal of inherited metabolic disease.
1998;21(1):101-11.
CR  - 10. Tuormaa TE. The adverse effects of food additives on health:
a review of the literature with a special emphasis on childhood
hyperactivity. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1994;9:225.
CR  - 11. Coyerly J, Peters L, Whittle E, Basketter D. Susceptibility to
skin stinging, non‐immunologic contact urticaria and acute
skin irritation; is there a relationship? Contact dermatitis.
1998;38(2):90-5.
CR  - 12. Piper JD, Piper PW. Benzoate and sorbate salts: a systematic
review of the potential hazards of these invaluable preserva-
tives and the expanding spectrum of clinical uses for sodium
benzoate. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food
safety. 2017;16(5):868-80.
CR  - 13. Darch M, Martyn D, Ngo K, Jack MM. An updated estimate
of benzoate intakes from non-alcoholic beverages in Canada
and the United States. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A.
2021;38(5):701-17.
CR  - 14. Klisic A, Kavaric N, Vujcic S, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Kotur-
Stevuljevic J, Ninic A. Total oxidant status and oxidative
stress index as indicators of increased Reynolds Risk Score
in postmenopausal women. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.
2020;24(19):10126-33.
CR  - 15. Özcan O, Erdal H, Çakırca G, Yönden Z. Oksidatif stres ve
hücre içi lipit, protein ve DNA yapıları üzerine etkileri. Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Investigations. 2015;6(3).
CR  - 16. Savci U, Senel E, Oztekin A, Sungur M, Erel O, Neselioglu S.
Ischemia-modified albumin as a possible marker of oxidative
stress in patients with telogen effluvium. Anais Brasileiros de
Dermatologia. 2020;95:447-51.
CR  - 17. Mülazımoğlu S, İde T, Aslan S. Ratlarda üreme. Yücel O (Editör)
Küçük deney hayvanlarından rat Ankara: J Clin Anal Med.
2012:39-44.
CR  - 18. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. A simple technique
for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual
cells. Experimental cell research. 1988;175(1):184-91.
CR  - 19. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical biochemistry. 2005;38(12):1103-11.
CR  - 20. Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical biochemistry. 2004;37(4):277-85.
CR  - 21. Bar–Or D, Lau E, Winkler JV. A novel assay for cobalt-albumin
binding and its potential as a marker for myocardial ischemia—
a preliminary report. The Journal of emergency medicine.
2000;19(4):311-5.
CR  - 22. Gardner LK, Lawrence GD. Benzene production from decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and a transition-metal catalyst. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry. 1993;41(5):693-5.
CR  - 23. Gutknecht J. Aspirin, acetaminophen and proton transport through phospholipid bilayers and mitochondrial membranes.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 1992;114(1):3-8.
CR  - 24. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Free radicals in biology and medicine: Oxford university press, USA; 2015.
CR  - 25. Oyewole OI, Dere FA, Okoro OE. Sodium benzoate mediated
hepatorenal toxicity in wistar rat: Modulatory effects of azadirachta
indica (neem) leaf. European Journal of Medicinal Plants.
2012;2(1):11.
CR  - 26. Efekemo O, Essien EB, Akaninwor JO. The Effect of Oral Intake
of Sodium Benzoate on the Activity of Liver Marker Enzymes
and Electrolyte Level of the Wistar Albino Rats. Asian
Food Science Journal. 2019;11(2):1-9.
CR  - 27. Piper PW. Yeast superoxide dismutase mutants reveal a
pro-oxidant action of weak organic acid food preservatives.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1999;27(11-12):1219-27.
CR  - 28. Piper PW. Resistance of yeasts to weak organic acid food preservatives. Advances in applied microbiology. 77: Elsevier;
2011. p. 97-113.
CR  - 29. Khan IS, Dar KB, Ganie SA, Ali MN. Toxicological impact of sodium benzoate on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and
biochemical markers in male Wistar rats. Drug and Chemical
Toxicology. 2020:1-10.
CR  - 30. Yetuk G, Pandir D, Bas H. Protective role of catechin and quercetin in sodium benzoate-induced lipid peroxidation and the
antioxidant system in human erythrocytes in vitro. The Scientific
World Journal. 2014;2014.
CR  - 31. Jena I, Nayak SR, Behera S, Singh B, Ray S, Jena D, et al.
Evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin, oxidative stress, and
antioxidant status in acute ischemic stroke patients. Journal of
natural science, biology, and medicine. 2017;8(1):110.
CR  - 32. Roy D, Quiles J, Gaze D, Collinson P, Kaski J, Baxter G. Role of
reactive oxygen species on the formation of the novel diagnostic
marker ischaemia modified albumin. Heart. 2006;92(1):113-4.
CR  - 33. Cooke MS, Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, Lunec J. Oxidative DNA
damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease. The FASEB
Journal. 2003;17(10):1195-214.
CR  - 34. Hu JJ, Dubin N, Kurland D, Ma B-L, Roush GC. The effects of
hydrogen peroxide on DNA repair activities. Mutation Research/
DNA Repair. 1995;336(2):193-201.
CR  - 35. Zengin N, Yüzbaşıoğlu D, Ünal F, Yılmaz S, Aksoy H. The evaluation of the genotoxicity of two food preservatives: sodium
benzoate and potassium benzoate. Food and Chemical Toxicology.2011;49(4):763-9.
CR  - 36. Saatci C, Erdem Y, Bayramov R, Akalın H, Tascioglu N, Ozkul
Y. Effect of sodium benzoate on DNA breakage, micronucleus
formation and mitotic index in peripheral blood of pregnant rats
and their newborns. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment.
2016;30(6):1179-83.
CR  - 37. Mpountoukas P, Vantarakis A, Sivridis E, Lialiaris T. Cytogenetic
study in cultured human lymphocytes treated with three
commonly used preservatives. Food and Chemical Toxicology.
2008;46(7):2390-3.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1091801
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2326040
ER  -