@article{article_1141029, title={Distribution and prevalence of root-knot nematode species in greenhouse vegetables in northern Iraq}, journal={Turkish Journal of Entomology}, volume={46}, pages={359–369}, year={2022}, DOI={10.16970/entoted.1141029}, author={Hamad, Hoshang and Aydınlı, Gökhan and Mennan, Sevilhan}, keywords={Esterase, greenhouse, identification, Iraq, Meloidogyne}, abstract={The objective of the study was to determine the distribution and prevalence of root-knot nematodes ( <i>Meloidogyne </i> spp.) in greenhouse vegetables in Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Duhok Provinces of northern Iraq. One hundred and eighty-seven greenhouses were surveyed during November and December 2018. <i>Meloidogyne </i> spp. were identified by perineal patterns and esterase phenotype. <i>Meloidogyne </i> were detected in 37% of the greenhouses surveyed and the prevalence were 40% in Sulaymaniyah, 38% in Duhok and 34% in Erbil. <i>Meloidogyne javanica </i> Treub, 1885 and <i>Meloidogyne incognita </i> Kofoid & White, 1919 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), were found in 64 and 36% of the greenhouses infested with <i>Meloidogyne </i>, respectively. By province surveyed, <i>M. incognita </i> and <i>M. javanica </i> were detected in 23 and 15% of greenhouses in Duhok, 12 and 22% of greenhouses in Erbil, 10 and 30% of surveyed greenhouses in Sulaymaniyah, respectively. <i>Meloidogyne </i> spp. were found in arugula, cauliflower, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, tomato and zucchini. The highest prevalence of <i>Meloidogyne </i> spp. were in cucumber (58%) and tomato (33%), which are the most commonly grown vegetables in greenhouses in the study area.}, number={3}, publisher={Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği}, organization={Ondokuz Mayıs University}