TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Long-Acting Methylphenidate Formulations and Atomoxetine on Cardiac Functions in Children with Attention Deficit And Hyperactivity Disorder TT - Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Kullanılan Uzun Etkili Metilfenidat Bileşiklerinin ve Atomoksetinin Kardiyak Fonksiyonlar Üzerindeki Etkileri AU - Mutlu Mıhçıoğlu, Ajda AU - Kara, Tayfun PY - 2023 DA - February Y2 - 2023 DO - 10.53446/actamednicomedia.1215509 JF - Acta Medica Nicomedia JO - Acta Med Nicomedia PB - Kocaeli University WT - DergiPark SN - 2717-8994 SP - 98 EP - 106 VL - 6 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Objectives: Methylphenidate (MPH) and Atomoxetine (ATX) are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of Attention Deficit And Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Despite their widespread use, there are concerns about their cardiovascular safety. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ADHD medications on cardiac functions.Methods: Forty-six children with ADHD disorder using osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH), 46 using extended-release methylphenidate (ER-MPH), and 46 using ATX for at least six months were included in the patient groups. 46 children with normal cardiac findings were included as the control group. All participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic information form, physical examination, 12-channel electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic 2D echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in terms of A wave velocity (p=0,002), E/A (p KW - methyphenidate KW - atomoxetine KW - tissue Doppler imaging KW - attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder N2 - Amaç: Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun (DEHB) tedavisinde metilfenidat (MPH) ve atomoksetin (ATX) en yaygın olarak reçete edilen ilaçlardır. Yaygın kullanılmalarına rağmen, kardiyovasküler güvenilirlikleri hakkında endişeler vardır. Bu çalışmada DEHB ilaçlarının kardiyak fonksiyonlar üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Hasta gruplarına 46 ozmotik-salınımlı oral sistem metilfenidat (OROS-MPH) kullanan hasta, 46 geç-salınımlı metilfenidat (ER-MPH) kullanan hasta ve en az altı aydır ATX kullanan 46 DEHB tanılı çocuk dahil edildi. Normal kardiyak bulguları olan 46 çocuk kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Tüm katılımcılar sosyodemografik bilgi formu, fizik muayene, 12 kanallı elektrokardiyografi (EKG), transtorasik 2D ekokardiyografi, Doppler ekokardiyografi ve doku Doppler görüntüleme (TDI) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Gruplar arasında A dalga hızı, E/A ve E' septal parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlendi (p=0,002, p CR - 1. Liang EF, Lim SZ, Tam WW, et al. The Effect of Methy-lphenidate and Atomoxetine on Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Young People and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1789. doi: 10.3390/ijerph150817 89. CR - 2. Hennissen L, Bakker MJ, Banaschewski T, et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Medication for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Trials of Methylphenidate, Amphetamines and Atomoxetine. CNS Drugs. 2017;31:199-215. doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0410-7. CR - 3. Coghill D, Banaschewski T, Zuddas A, Pelaz A, Gagliano A, Doepfner M. Long-acting methylphenidate formulations in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity dis-order: a systematic review of head-to-head studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:237. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-237. CR - 4. Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L, et al. Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics. 2001;107:E105. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.6.e105. CR - 5. Döpfner M, Ose C, Fischer R, Ammer R, Scherag A. Comparison of the efficacy of two different modi-fied release methylphenidate preparations for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a natural setting: comparison of the efficacy of Medikinet(®) retard and Concerta(®)—a randomized, controlled, double blind multicenter clinical cross-over trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2011;21:445-54. doi: 10.1089/cap.2010.0082. CR - 6. Shin JY, Roughead EE, Park BJ, Pratt NL. Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate among children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): nationwide self-controlled case series study. BMJ. 2016;353:i2550. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i2550. CR - 7. van der Schans J, Kotsopoulos N, Hoekstra PJ, Hak E, Postma MJ. Cost-effectiveness of extended-release methylphenidate in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder suboptimal-ly treated with immediate release methylphenidate. PLoS One.2015;10:e0127237. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.01272-37 CR - 8. Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs. 2009;11:203-26. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200911030-00005. CR - 9. Nymark TB, Hovland A, Bjørnstad H, Nielsen EW. A young man with acute dilated cardiomyopathy associated with methylphenidate. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:477-9. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s2410. 10. Hole LD, SchjøttJ. Myocardial injury in a 41-year-old male treated with methylphenidate: a case report. BMC Res Notes.2014;7:480. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-480. CR - 11. Baumeister TB, Wickenbrock I, Perings CA. STEMI Secondary to Coronary Vasospasm: Possible Adverse Event of Methylphenidate in a 21-Year-Old Man with ADHD. Baumaesyer-Drug Saf Case Rep. 2016;3:10. doi: 10.1007 /s40800-016-0035-7. CR - 12. Buchhorn R, Müller C, Willaschek C, Norozi K. How to predict the impact of methylphenidate on cardiovascular risk in children with attention deficit disorder: methylphenidate improves autonomic dysfunction in children with ADHD. ISRN Pharmacol.2012;2012:170935. doi: 10.5402/2012/170935 CR - 13. Olfson M, Huang C, Gerhard T, et al. Stimulants and cardio-vascular events in youth with attention-deficit/hyperacti-vety disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012; 51:147-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11. 008. CR - 14. Kara T, Mutlu Mıhçıoğlu A, Yılmaz S, Akaltun İ. Effects of Long-Term Use of Prescription Methylphenidate on Myocardial Performance in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Tissue Doppler Imaging Study.J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018;28:676-681. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0052. UR - https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1215509 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2816599 ER -