TY  - JOUR
T1  - Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marineenvironment
AU  - Akten, Necmettin 
PY  - 2006
DA  - December
JF  - Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment
PB  - Türk Deniz Araştırmaları Vakfı
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1304-9550
SP  - 269
EP  - 304
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - Abstract Shipping accident is a term generally used for any accident results in financial loss, either in life or property or both. The reasons for shipping accidents are many and complex. Bigger size brings corresponding increases in cargo and passenger capacity; hence when an accident occurs, the risk of life and property immediately becomes higher. Reduced ship maneuverability in connection with larger scale is another contributing factor in shipping accidents. Several crucial causes play a role in shipping accidents. Natural conditions, technical failures, route conditions, ship-related factors, human errors, cargo-related factors are the striking ones.Shipping accidents by types are quite many and their impacts on marineenvironment differ from one another. Collision or contact, capsize, foundering,breaking up, grounding, stranding, breakdown of the ship underway, and fire or explosion are examples of common shipping accidents.Groundings and shipboard fires are the dominant types of shipping accidentsworldwide.Torrey Canyon disaster has been the cornerstone for the protection of marine environment. The first 20 major oil spills of all time reveal that nearly 2.4 million tonnes of oil entered the sea due to accidental and operational oil pollutions.Shipping is and always will be full of risks despite high and ever increasing safety standards. Nevertheless, improved standards for ships, seafarers and shipping management by way of internationally adopted measures have all made and will make a major impact on shipping safety for safer shipping and cleaner oceans.
KW  - Key words: shipping accident
KW  - collision
KW  - stranding
KW  - grounding
KW  - shipboard fires
KW  - human errors
KW  - darkness
KW  - clear weather
KW  - collision risks
KW  - SOLAS
KW  - marine environment
KW  - oil spill
KW  - MARPOL
KW  - Bosphorus
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UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jbme/article/121936
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/103793
ER  -