TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of personal carbon footprint in aviation and tourism axis: Cappadocia Airport case AU - Gürçam, Selçuk PY - 2023 DA - March Y2 - 2023 DO - 10.35208/ert.1221724 JF - Environmental Research and Technology JO - ERT PB - Mehmet Sinan Bilgili WT - DergiPark SN - 2636-8498 SP - 60 EP - 67 VL - 6 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Global average temperatures are increasing in direct proportion to the increase in carbon dioxide. A significant part of this increase comprises the aviation and tourism sectors. In particular, the rapid growth of the aviation industry and its relationship with tourism development constitutes an indispensable problem for the future in the fight against the climate crisis. In this study, it has been revealed that the aviation industry is not innocent at all regarding the climate crisis when combined with tourism. The study examined flights’ average personal carbon footprint to Cappadocia Airport between 2016 and 2019. The Cappadocia region stands out because it is an important tourism region of Turkey and is located right in the middle of Turkey. In the review, 2019 was the period with the highest emissions of 27,464.08 tons CO2. On the other hand, 2017 was the year that emitted the least, with 8121.29 tons CO2. The personal carbon footprint from total flights was 61,951 kg CO2. While the individual carbon footprint was the highest in 2016 with 70,617 kg CO2, 2019 was the year with the lowest personal carbon footprint with 56,419 kg CO2. As a result, while there is a direct proportion between the number of flights and the total increase in carbon dioxide, the personal carbon footprint has changed according to the number of passengers. Transportation preferences should be reviewed considering the location of the Cappadocia region and Turkey’s transportation policy. KW - Climate crisis KW - aviation KW - tourism KW - Cappadocia airport KW - carbon footprint KW - international agreements KW - Paris Agreement CR - Overton, J. (2022). The Growth in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Aviation. Environmental and Energy Study Institute. https://www.eesi.org/files/IssueBrief_Climate_Impacts_Aviation_2019rev2022.pdf CR - ICCT. (2020). CO2 Emissions from Commercial Aviation: 2013, 2018, and 2019. https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CO2-commercial-aviation-oct2020.pdf CR - ICAO. (2022a). Environmental Trends in Aviation to 2050. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Documents/EnvironmentalReports/2022/ENVReport2022_Art7.pdf CR - Consumer Energy Alliance. (2022). Your Carbon Footprint When You Travel: It’s A Flying Shame. https://consumerenergyalliance.org/2022/05/your-carbon-footprint-when-you-travel-its-a-flying-shame/ CR - Dorta Antequera, P., Díaz Pacheco, J., López Díez, A., & Bethencourt Herrera, C. (2021). Tourism, Transport and Climate Change: The Carbon Footprint of International Air Traffic on Islands. Sustainability, 13(4), 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041795 CR - Gürçam, S., Konuralp, E., & Ekici, S. (2021). Determining the effect of air transportation on air pollution in the most polluted city in Turkey. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0176 CR - Akyüz, A. Ö., Kumaş, K., İnan, O., & Güngör, A. (2019). Muğla Hava Trafiğinin Karbon Ayak İzi Açısından İncelenmesi. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(2), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.466338 CR - Unal, A., Hu, Y., Chang, M. E., Talat Odman, M., & Russell, A. G. (2005). Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: Application to the Atlanta International Airport. Atmospheric Environment, 39(32), 5787–5798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.051 CR - Grobler, C., Wolfe, P. J., Dasadhikari, K., Dedoussi, I. C., Allroggen, F., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Agarwal, A., Staples, M. D., Sabnis, J., & Barrett, S. R. H. (2019). Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 114031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4942 CR - Youmatter. (2020). Carbon Footprint Definition. https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-carbon-footprint/ CR - The Nature Conservancy. (2022). What is a carbon footprint? https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/carbon-footprint-calculator/ CR - Iberdrola. (2022). What is the carbon footprint and why will reducing it help to combat climate change? https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/carbon-footprint CR - Mulvaney, K. (2022). What is a carbon footprint—and how to measure yours. National Geographic Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-how-to-measure-yours CR - Wang, S., & Ge, M. (2019). Everything You Need to Know About the Fastest-Growing Source of Global Emissions: Transport. World Resources Institute. https://www.wri.org/insights/everything-you-need-know-about-fastest-growing-source-global-emissions-transport CR - [15]. Ritchie, H. (2020b). Which form of transport has the smallest carbon footprint? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/travel-carbon-footprint CR - EEA. (2019). CO2 emissions from passenger transport. https://www.eea.europa.eu/media/infographics/co2-emissions-from-passenger-transport/view CR - Sustainable Travel International. (2022). Carbon Footprint of Tourism. https://sustainabletravel.org/issues/carbon-footprint-tourism/ CR - Demirkol, R. S. (2021). Tarihi Çevre Koruma Bağlamında Kapadokya. Journal of Art and Design, 1(1), 43–63. CR - Erol, G. (2020). Kapadokya Bölgesine Gelen Yerli ve Yabancı Turistler Üzerine Dönemsel Bir İnceleme. 3. Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 55(3), 1412–1431. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.06.1381 CR - Cnnturk. (2020). Kapadokya’da turist sayısında rekor kırıldı. https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/kapadokyada-turist-sayisinda-rekor-kirildi CR - DHMİ. (2022). Şehir Tarihçesi. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Havalimani/Kapadokya/SehirTarihcesi.aspx CR - Hepfly. (2022). Nevşehir Kapadokya Havaalanı. https://www.hepfly.com/nevsehir-kapadokya-havaalani CR - Türkoğlu, F. (2014). Nevşehir Havalimanı Çevresel Etkilerinin “Yeşil Havaalanı Projesi” Kapsamında İncelenmesi. Kırıkkale Üniverstesi. CR - Google. (2023). Nevşehir Kapadokya Havalimanı (NAV). https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nevşehir+Kapadokya+Havalimanı+(NAV)/@38.8594906,34.5424931,9.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xc24176cac8c928e9!8m2!3d38.7719688!4d34.5245521 CR - IPCC. (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/12/19R_V0_01_Overview.pdf CR - Civelekoğlu, G., & Bıyık, Y. (2020). Isparta İlinde Karayolu Kaynaklı Karbon Ayak İzinin Hesaplanması. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(2), 78–87. CR - Şöhret, Y. (2019). Multi-objective evaluation of aviation-induced GHG emissions: UK domestic flight pattern. Energy & Environment, 30(6), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X18802778 CR - ICAO. (2022b). ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Carbonoffset/Pages/default.aspx CR - Oncarbon. (2022). Methodology: flight emissions. https://oncarbon.app/methodology/flight-emissions CR - IATA. (2021). Air Traffic Movement Outlook – Europe. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-traffic-movement-outlook---europe---august-2021/ CR - Ritchie, H. (2020a). Where in the world do people have the highest CO2 emissions from flying? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/carbon-footprint-flying UR - https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1221724 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2842592 ER -