TY - JOUR T1 - Solvation Methods Affect the Amount of Active Components in the Extract of Propolis as well as Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity in THP-1 Cells AU - Durmaz, Burak AU - Oktay, Latife Merve AU - Memmedov, Hikmet AU - Selvi Günel, Nur AU - Kalkan Yıldırım, Hatice AU - Y. Sözmen, Eser PY - 2023 DA - December DO - 10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1247199 JF - European Journal of Biology JO - Eur J Biol PB - Istanbul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2602-2575 SP - 132 EP - 141 VL - 82 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Objective: Propolis has been found to have various effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to studies. In this recent research, we discovered that reducing allergenic compounds in propolis through biotransformation using specific Lactobacillus plantarum strains enhanced its anti-inflammatory qualities. The study aimed to identify the extraction methods and solvents that had the most significant anti-inflammatory effects and assess how L. plantarum strains biotransformation of propolis affected these qualities in THP-1 cell line cultures.Materials and Methods: Propolis samples were biotransformed with different concentrations (1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%) of several L. plantarum strains (ISLG-2, ATCC®8014, visbyvac) before extraction using various solvents (ethanol, polyethylene glycol-PEG, water) and ultrasound treatments (300 W/40 Hz for 5, 10, 15 min). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometry was used for phenolic analysis of the samples. ELISA test kits were employed to assess NF-kβ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ , COX-1 in the cell culture supernatant.Results: Results showed that, except for NF-kβ, all cytokine levels decreased in four separate propolis samples. Caffeic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, quercetin, pelargonin, and naringenin were the key physiologically active components associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of propolis. The biotransformation process to reduce allergen compounds did not alter propolis’s anti-inflammatory properties.Conclusion: In samples that were dissolved in water, dissolved in ethanol+biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, dissolved in water+biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, and dissolved in water+sonicated for 15 min and biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, the maximum anti-inflammatory effect of propolis was assessed. KW - LPS KW - inflammation KW - propolis KW - biotransformation KW - extraction CR - Tan HY, Wang, N Lis, Hong M, Wang, X, Feng Y. The reactive oxygen species in macrophage polarization: Reflecting its dual role in progression and treatment of human diseases. 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