TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae) AU - Ulukuş, Deniz AU - Tugay, Osman PY - 2023 DA - December DO - 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289 JF - İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy JO - iujp PB - Istanbul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2587-2087 SP - 341 EP - 349 VL - 53 IS - 3 LA - en AB - Background and Aims: The genus Cousinia has about 700 taxa all over the world. It is a hard and controversial group to classify in terms of taxonomy. This study aims to determine the achene micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of two selected Cousinia species, as well as their taxonomic significance.Methods: In anatomical studies, the sections were set in paraffin, cut with a microtome, and stained with safranin-fast green. For both C. eriocephala Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. calocephala Jaub. & Spach species selected, an independent sample T-test analysis was performed using quantitative data to determine the importance of anatomical characters. In addition, PCA analysis and heatmap analyses were performed. SEM images were taken to determine the micromorphological features of the achenes.Results: In the transver section of stems in C. eriocephala, from the epidermis to the center, there are 9–12 rows of cortexs layers composed of parenchymatic cells. In the transver section of stem in C. calocephala from the epidermis to the center, there are 5–8 rows of cortical layers composed of parenchymatic cells. In the cross-sections of the leaf in C. eriocephala, it was determined that the midrib shape was semi-orbicular, and a total of 9 vascular bundles, 3 large and 6 small, were counted. In the cross-sections of the leaf in C. calocephala, it was determined that the midrib shape was semi-orbicular, and a total of 6 vascular bundles, 3 large and 3 small, were counted. The achene surface ornamentation of C. eriocephala is striate-scrobiculate, while C. calocephala is striate and scrobiculate-faveolate.Conclusion: According to the findings, it was determined that anatomical characters are important in the differentiation of species, as supported by both PCA and heatmap analysis. KW - Asteraceae KW - Cousinia eriocephala KW - C. calocephala KW - Plant anatomy KW - Principal component analysis KW - Turkey CR - Atasagun, B., Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia aucheri DC. (İnce Kızan) Üzerine Anatomik, Palinolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Araştırmalar. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 181-191. google scholar CR - Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2000). Two new species and a new record of the genus Cousinia Cass. Sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 8 (2), 259-269. google scholar CR - Attar, F., Ghahreman, A., Mahdigholi, K.,& Sheidai, M. (2004). Anatomy-Taxonomy studies of the species of section Serrat-uloideae (Cousinia, Compositae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 10, 119-141. google scholar CR - Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2006). A synopsis of sect. Cynaroides (Cousinia, Compositae), distribution patterns and diversity cen-ters. -Rostaniha, 7 (Supplement 2), 315-342. google scholar CR - Attar, F., & Djavadi, S.B. (2010). A taxonomic revision of Cousinia, sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the flora of Iran. Ira-nian Journal of Botany, 16 (1), 130-184. google scholar CR - Attar, F., & Rad, M. A. (2019). Cousinia sharifii, a new species of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from NW Iran. Phyto-taxa, 395(4), 287-295. google scholar CR - Atazadeh, N., Sheidai, M., Attar, F., Ghahremaninejad, F., & Koohdar, F. (2020). A palynological study of genus Cousinia Cass. (Fam-ily Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f., Grana, 59, 428-443. google scholar CR - Boissier, E. (1875). Centaurea; Flora orientalis 3. H. Georg, Geneva & Basilea (Basel), 668-674. google scholar CR - Bunge, A. (1865). Übersichtliche Zusammenstellung der Arten der Gattung Cousinia Cass. Memoires de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de. Saint-Petersbourg Ser. 7, 9(2), 1-56. google scholar CR - Cassini, H. (1827). Saussuree, Saussurea. In: Cuvier, F. (Ed.) Dictio-nnaire des sciences naturelles, vol. 47. F.G.Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 498-513. google scholar CR - Djamali, M., Baumel, A., Brewer, S., Jackson, S.T., Kadereit, J.W., Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan, I., Simakova, A. (2012). Eco-logical implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial-interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 172, 10-20. google scholar CR - Huber-Morath, A. (1975). Cousinia Cass. In Davis P.H.(ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 5, pp. 329-353). UK: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar CR - Johansen, D.A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. New York, McGraw-Hill. google scholar CR - Lopez-Vinyallonga, S., Mehregan, I., Garcia-Jacas, N., Tscherneva, O., Susanna, A., Kadereit, J.W. (2009). Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae). Taxon, 58, 153-171. google scholar CR - Mehregan, I., & Kadereit, J. W. (2008). Taxonomic revision of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Wildenowia, 38, 293-362. google scholar CR - R Core Team. (2021). R 4.1.2.R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. google scholar CR - Rechinger, K.H. (1972). Compositae-Cynareae I: Cousinia. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 90, pp. 1-329) Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt. google scholar CR - Rechinger, K.H. (1986). Cousinia-Morphology, Taxonomy, Distri-bution and Phytogeographical Implications. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences, 89, 45-58. google scholar CR - Stearn, W.T. (1983). Botanical Latin. London David & Charles. google scholar CR - Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R., Garnatje, T., Valles, J., Ghaffari, S.M. (2003). New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia and the related genus Schmalhausenia (Asteraceae, Car-dueae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 411-418. google scholar CR - Tscherneva, O. (1962). Cousinia Cass. In: Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora ofthe USSR (Vol. 27, pp. 108-357). Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk. google scholar CR - Tugay, O. (2012). Cousinia. In: Güner, A, Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. google scholar CR - Tugay, O., Ulukuş, D., Ertuğrul, K., Uysal, T., Demirelma, H., Dural, H. (2019). A new species of Cousinia (sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) from the Ağrı Mountain (eastern Turkey): evidence from morphol-ogy, karyology and anatomy. Phytotaxa, 427, 259-269. google scholar CR - Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019a). Endemik Cousinia halysensis Hub.-Mor. (Papatyagiller/Asteraceae) türünün anatomik, palinolojik ve mikromorfolojik yönden ıncelenmesi. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(1), 59-65. google scholar CR - Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019b). Micromorphological, palynologi-cal and anatomical properties of endemic Cousinia iconica (sect. Cousinia /Asteraceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(2), 58-63. google scholar CR - Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2020). Morphology, anatomy and paly-nology of two endemic Cousinia Cass. species (Sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) and their taxonomic implications. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(1), 297-304. google scholar CR - Ulukuş, D., Atasagun, B., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia decolorans Freyn & Sint.(Asteraceae) Türünün Anatomik, Pali-nolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 192-202. google scholar CR - Ulukuş, D. (2019). Anatomical, palynological and achene micromor-phological characteristics of Cousinia boissieri Buhse (Sect. Leio-caules, Asteraceae) growing in Turkey. Biodicon, 12 (2), 119-125. google scholar CR - Winkler, C. (1892). Synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 12, 181286. google scholar CR - Winkler, C. (1897). Mantissa synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 14, 187-243. google scholar UR - https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3024023 ER -