TY - JOUR T1 - From pandemic to post-pandemic: Understanding the digital platform usage experiences of older people TT - Pandemiden post-pandemiye: Yaşlı bireylerin dijital platform kullanım deneyimlerini anlamak AU - Karakoç Keskin, Elif AU - Gül Ünlü, Derya PY - 2024 DA - July DO - 10.26650/CONNECTIST2024-1287459 JF - Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences PB - Istanbul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2636-8943 SP - 183 EP - 209 IS - 66 LA - en AB - The social isolation experienced during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period has transformed the daily life practices of individuals of all ages and increased their integration into digital platforms. The adoption of digital technologies by elderly users has accelerated, and the digital environment has assumed an important role in meeting various physical and social needs. Although the mandatory physical isolation after the pandemic period has been replaced by measures taken based on individual preference, it is evident that elderly individuals have become much more active users of digital platforms than before. Based on this understanding, this study aims to make visible how individuals aged 65 and over make sense of their digital platform usage experiences in this new period, also called post-pandemic. A phenomenological approach was adopted to conduct semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 22 participants. As a result of the study, 7 positive and 4 negative sub-themes were identified for the category ‘making sense of digital platforms.’ Among these, the sub-themes of ‘informative,’ ‘communication tool,’ and ‘dangerous’ came to the fore. The ‘digital platform experience’ category was divided into 8 positive and 3 negative subthemes. Among the positive sub-themes, ‘receiving news from the environment/ maintaining relationships’ was the most common type of experience, and among the negative ones, ‘criticism’ stood out. Concerning the ‘reflection of digital platform experiences on daily life practices’ category, 6 positive and 3 negative sub-themes were identified. ‘Increased/accelerated access to information’ among the positive themes and ‘a new addiction’ among the negative themes were the most emphasized. KW - Aging KW - digital platform KW - post-pandemic KW - phenomenology KW - digital platform experience N2 - Pandemi dönemiyle yaşanan sosyal izolasyon süreci, her yaştan bireyin günlük yaşam pratiklerini dönüşüme uğratmış, kullanıcıların dijital platformlara entegrasyonunu artırmıştır. Yaşlı kullanıcıların dijital teknolojileri benimseme süreçleri hızlanmış ve dijital ortam çeşitli fiziksel ve sosyal ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Pandemi dönemi sonrasında zorunlu fiziki yalıtılmışlıklar yerini bireysel tercihle alınan önlemlere bırakmış olsa da yaşlı bireylerin öncesine nazaran çok daha aktif kullanıcılara dönüştükleri görülmektedir. Söz konusu odak noktasından yola çıkan çalışma kapsamında, post-pandemi olarak da adlandırılan bu yeni dönemde, 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin dijital platform kullanım deneyimlerini nasıl anlamlandırdıklarının görünür kılınması amaçlanmaktadır. Fenomenolojik yaklaşımın benimsendiği araştırmada 22 katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, dijital platformların anlamlandırılma biçimlerine ilişkin 7 olumlu alt temaya, 4 olumsuz alt temaya ulaşılmış; bunlar arasında bilgi verici, haberleşme aracı ve tehlikeli alt teması öne çıkmıştır. Yaşlı kullanıcıların dijital platform deneyimleri 8 olumlu 3 olumsuz alt temaya ayrılmış; olumlular arasında çevreden haber alma/ilişki sürdürme ve olumsuzlar arasında eleştirilme en fazla karşılaşılan deneyim türü olmuştur. Dijital platform deneyimlerinin günlük yaşam pratiklerine yansıma biçimleri için 6 olumlu ve 3 olumsuz alt tema tespit edilmiş; olumlu temalar içinde artan/hızlanan bilgiye erişim, olumsuz temalar arasında yeni bir bağımlılık öne çıkmıştır. CR - Adnan, M., Kocatürk Kapucu, N., Yakar, A., Köşk, U. C. & Özbek, Ç. (2021). 65 yaş üstü kadınlara dijital yetkinlik kazandırılmasına yönelik bir öğretim tasarımı. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 22(2), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.12984/ egeefd.957120 google scholar CR - Akbuğa, F. (2023). Yaşlı bireylerin sosyal ağlardaki ‘dijital suskunluğu’. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(62), 328-345. google scholar CR - Arastaman, G., Öztürk, İ. & Fidan, T. (2018). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik: Kuramsal bir inceleme. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 37-75. google scholar CR - Artan, T. & Urhan, G. (2019). Yaşlıların teknoloji kullanarak ulaşabilecekleri sosyal ağlar ve iletişim teknolojileri. A. Akgül (Ed.), Geronteknoloji (pp. 66-71). Türkiye Klinikleri. google scholar CR - Arun, Ö., Binark, M., Özsoy-Taylan, D., Kandemir, B. & Şahinkaya, G. (2022). Yaşlıların toplumsal sınıfı, dijital sermaye ve COVID-19 salgınında bağlantıda kalma pratikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 42(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2022.42.2.0016 google scholar CR - Bal, H. (2016). Nitel Araştırma Yöntem ve Teknikleri (1st ed.). Sentez Yayıncılık. google scholar CR - Banskota, S., Healy, M. & Goldberg, E.M. (2020). 15 smartphone apps for older adults to use while in isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21(3), 514-525. https://doi. org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 google scholar CR - Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28. google scholar CR - Bayram, M.N. & Arıcı, A. (2021). Yaşlılıkta dijital çağı yakalamak. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 21(2), 367-390. https:// doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1038126 google scholar CR - Bloomberg, L.D. & Volpe, M. (2008). Completing your qualitative dissertation: A roadmap from beginning to end (1st ed.). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Broady, T., Chan, A. & Caputi, P. (2010). Comparison of older and younger adults’ attitudes towards and abilities with computers: Implications for training ans learning. British Journal of Training and Learning, 41, 473-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00914.x google scholar CR - Chen, Y.R. & Shulz, P.J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1), e4596. https:// doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4596 google scholar CR - Choi, N.G. & DiNitto, D.M. (2013). The digital divide among low-income homebound older adults: Internet use patterns, eHEalth literacy, and attitudes toward computer/internet use. Journal of Medical Internet Reseacrh, 15, e93. google scholar CR - Clark, T., Foster, L., Sloan, L. & Bryman, A. (2021). Bryman’s social research methods (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. google scholar CR - Creswell, J.W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma Deseni. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans.) Siyasal Kitabevi. google scholar CR - Czaja, N., Fisk, A.D., Hertzog, C., Nair, S.N., Rogers, W.A. & Sharit, J. (2006). Factors predicting the use of technology: Findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technological Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 333-352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.333 google scholar CR - Damant, J., Knapp, M., Freddolino, P. & Lombard, D. (2016). Effects of digital engagement on the quality of life of older people. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(6), 1679-1703. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12335 google scholar CR - Demirtaş-Madran, H.A. (2021). Ayrımcılığa Covid-19 sürecinden bir bakış: Temel kuramlar, yaşçılık tartışmaları ve öneriler. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 60, 63-90. https://doi. org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-846399 google scholar CR - Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 29-41). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Drew, N. (2004). Creating a synthesis of intentionally: The role of the bracketing faciliator. Advances in Nursing Science, 27(3), 215-223. google scholar CR - Eddles-Hirch, K. (2015). Phenomenology and educational research. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(8), 251-260. google scholar CR - Ekici, S. K. & Gümüş, Ö. (2016). Yaşlılıkta teknolojinin kullanımı. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 55(0), 26-30. https://doi. org/10.19161/etd.344199 google scholar CR - Ekoh, P. C., George, E. O., & Ezulike, C. D. (2021). Digital and physical social exclusion of older people in rural Nigeria in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 64(6), 629-642. google scholar CR - Erdem, T.A. (2022, Nisan, 23-24). Covid-19 sürecinde iletişim kaygısı ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı etkileşimi. 5th International New York Academic Research Congress [Conference]. New York, ABD. google scholar CR - Flandorfer, P. (2012). Population ageing and socially assistive robots for elderly persons: The importance of sociodemographic factors for user acceptance. International Journal of Population Research, 13, 1-13. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2012/829835 google scholar CR - Forsman, A.K., Nordmyr, J., Matosevic, T., Park, A.L., Wahlbeck, K. & McDaid, D. (2018). Promoting mental wellbeing among older people: Technology-based interventions. Health Promotion International, 33, 10421054. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax047 google scholar CR - Forsman, A.K. & Nordmyr, J. (2017). Psychosocial links between internet use and mental health in later life: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 36, 1471-1518. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815595509 google scholar CR - Fumagalli, E., Dolmatzian, M. & Shrum, L.J. (2021). Centennials, FOMO and loneliness: An inverstigation of the impact of social networking and messaging/VoIP apps usage during the initial stage of Coronavirus pandemic. Frontiers in Pscyhology, 12, 620739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620739 google scholar CR - Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: The role of familiarity and trust. Omega, 28(6), 725-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0305-0483(00)00021-9 google scholar CR - Giasanti, D. & Veltro, G. (2021). The digital divide in the era of COVID-19: An investigation into an important obstacle to the access to the mHealth by the citizen. Healthcare, 9(4), 371-387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ healthcare9040371 google scholar CR - Gibson, A., Bardach, S.H., & Pope, D.N. (2020). COVID-19 and the digital divide: Will social workers help bridge the gap? Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 671-673. google scholar CR - Giwa, S., Mullings, D. V., & Karki, K. (2020). Virtual social work care with older black adults: A culturally relevant technology-based intervention to reduce social isolation and loneliness in a time of pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 679-681. google scholar CR - Görgün-Baran, A. (2008). Yaşlılıkta sosyalizasyon ve yaşam kalitesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 86-97. google scholar CR - Heid, A.R., Cartwright, F., Wilson-Genderson, M. & Pruchno, R. (2021). Challenges experienced by older people during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Gerontologist, 61(1), 48-58. google scholar CR - Işıkoğlu, N., Özdemir, A.A., Altun, M. & Ergenekon, E. (2021). Erken çocukluk eğitimi öğretmen ve yöneticilerinin Covid-19 pandemi deneyimleri: Yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik bir analiz. Journal of Early Childhood Studies, 5(2), 567-590. google scholar CR - Jarvenpaa, S.L., Tractinsky, N. & Vitale, M. (2000). Consumer trust in an internet store. Information Technology and Management, 1(1/2), 45-71. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019104520776 google scholar CR - Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2017). Educational research quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (7th ed.). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Hargittai, E. & Micheli, M. (2019). Internet skills and why they matter. M. Graham & W.H. Dutton (Eds.) Society and the Internet: How networks of information and communication are changing our lives (pp. 109-126). Oxford University Press. google scholar CR - Hawthorn, D. (2007). Interface design and engagement with older people. Behavior and Information Technology, 26(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290601176930 google scholar CR - Heart, T. & Kalderon, E. (2013). Older adults: Are they ready to adopt health-related ITC? International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82- e209-e231. google scholar CR - Hill, R., Betts, L.R., & Gardner, S.E. (2015). Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology:(Dis) empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 415-423. google scholar CR - Hunsaker, A., Nguyen, M.H., Fuchs, J., Djukaric, T., Hugentobler, L. & Hargittai, E. (2019). “He explained it to me and i also did it myself”: How older adults get support with their technology uses. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5, 1-13. Https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119887866 google scholar CR - Kalınkara, V. & Sarı, İ. (2019). Yaşlılarda sosyal ağ kullanımı ve yalnızlık ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12 (1), 8-19. google scholar CR - Karavidas, M., Lim, N.K., & Katsikas, S.L. (2005). The effects of computers on older adult users. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 697-711. google scholar CR - Kılıç, N. P., Özdemir, B. P., Gençtürk Hızal, G. S., & Aktaş, M. (2021). Covid-19 pandemisinde iletişimsel ihtiyaçlar, beklentiler ve deneyimler üzerine nitel bir araştırma: 65 yaş ve üzeri Ankara örneklemi. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 60, 127-155. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-0744 google scholar CR - Kleiman, S. (2004). Phenomenology: To wonder and search for meanings. Nurse Researcher, 11(4), 7-19. google scholar CR - König, R., Seifert, A. & Doh, M. (2018). Internet use among older Europeans: An analysis based on share data. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(3), 621-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0609-5 google scholar CR - Küçük, O. & Koçak, M.C. (2019). İleri yaş grubu kişilerin internet kullanım alışkanlıkları: Trabzon örneği. Journal of International Social Research, 12(65), 1162-1168. google scholar CR - Law, E.L. & Abascal, J. (2022). Post-pandemic HCI-living digitally: Well-being-driven digital technologies. Interacting with Computers, 33(4), 331-334. google scholar CR - Lam, J.C. & Lee, M.K. (2006). Digital inclusiveness-longitudinal study of internet adoption by older adults. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 177-206. google scholar CR - Lester, S. (1999). An Introduction to Phenomenological Research (1st ed.). Taunton UK: Stan Lester Developments. google scholar CR - Mace, R.A., Mattos, M.K., & Vranceanu, A.M. (2022). Older adults can use technology: why healthcare professionals must overcome ageism in digital health. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 12(12), 1102-1105. google scholar CR - Mason, M., Sinclair, D. & Berry, C. (2012). Nudge or compel? Can behavioural economics tackle the digital exclusion of older people? London: The International Longevity Centre-UK. https://ilcuk.org.uk/nudge-or-compel-can-behavioural-economics-tackle-the-digital-exclusion-of-older-people/ google scholar CR - Merriam, S.B. (2018). Nitel araştırma. (S, Turan & F. Koçak Canbaz, Trans.) Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. google scholar CR - McMellon, C.A. & Schiffman, L.G. (2002). Cybersenior empowerment: How some older individuals are taking control of their lives. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 21, 157-175. google scholar CR - Micheli, M, Redmiles, E.M. & Hargittai, E. (2019). Help wanted: Young adults’ sources of support for questions about digital media. Information, Communication & Society, 23(11), 1655-1672. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369 118X.2019.1602666 google scholar CR - Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. (2016) Nitel veri analizi. (S. Akbaba Altun & A. Ersoy, Trans.) Pegem Akademi. google scholar CR - Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M. & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd Ed.). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Mitzner, T.L., Boron, J.B., Fausset, C.B., Adams, A.E., Charness, N., Czaja, SJ., ... Sharif, J. (2010). Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1710-1721. https://doi. org//10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.020 google scholar CR - Morse, J.M. (2000). Determinig sample size. Qualitative Health Research, 10(1), 3-5. google scholar CR - Montealegre, R. (2020). Addresing the role of digital technology in the Covid-19 Recovery. RELCASI, 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.17705/1relc.00074 google scholar CR - Mou, J., Shin, D.H. & Cohen, J.F. (2017). Trust and risk in acceptance of e-services. Electronic Commerce Research, 17(2), 255-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-015-9205-4 google scholar CR - Nahm, E.S. (2003). A model of computer-mediated social support among older adults. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] University of Maryland Baltimora ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. google scholar CR - Nimrod, G. (2020). Changes in internet use when coping with stress: Older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(10), 1020-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jagp.2020.07.010 google scholar CR - Oppenauer, C. (2009). Motivation and needs for technology use in old age. Gerontechnology, 8(2), 82-87. https:// doi.org/10.4017/gt.2009.08.02.006.00 google scholar CR - Özsirkecioğlu, G. (2022). 65 yaş üstü bireylerin pandemi dönemi ile değişen iletişim pratikleri (Sakarya ili örneği) [Unpublished master dissertation]. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar CR - Özsungur, F. (2018). Yaşlıların teknoloji kabul ve kullanım davranışlarının başarılı yaşlanma üzerindeki etkilerinin analizi: Adana ili örneği [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar CR - Patton, M.Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans.) Pegem Akademi. google scholar CR - Pavlou, P.A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/1086 4415.2003.11044275 google scholar CR - Pettigrew, S. & Roberts, M. (2008). Addressing loneliness in later life. Aging and Mental Health, 12(3), 302-309. google scholar CR - Pfiel, U., Zaphiris, P. & Wilson, S. (2009). Older adults’ perceptions and experience of online social support. Interacting with Computers, 21, 159-172. google scholar CR - Ramirez-Correa, P., Grandon, E.E., Ramirez-Santana, M., Arenas-Gaita, J. & Rondan-Cataluna, F.J. (2023). Explaining the consumption technology acceptance in the elderly post-pandemic: effort expectancy does not matter. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020087 google scholar CR - Robson, C. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri gerçek dünya araştırmaları. (Ş. Çınkır & N. Demirkasımoğlu, Trans.) Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar CR - Robinson, L., Schulz, J., Khilnani, A., Ono, H., Cotten, S.R., McClain, N., . Tolentino, N. (2020). Digital inequalities in time of pandemic: COVID-19 exposure risk profiles and new forms of vulnerability. First Monday, 25(7), 1-34. google scholar CR - Rorai, V., & Perry, T. E. (2020). An Innovative telephone outreach program to seniors in Detroit, a city facing dire consequences of COVID-19. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 713-716. google scholar CR - Rose, P., Beeby, J. & Parker, D. (1995). Academic rigour in the lived experience of researchers using phenomenological methods in nursing in nursing. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 21(6), 1123-1129. google scholar CR - Salanova, M., Grau, R.M., Cifre, E. & Liorens, S. (2000). Computer training, frequency of usage and burnout: The moderating role of computer self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(6), 575-590. google scholar CR - Sayin-Kasar, K., & Karaman, E. (2021). Life in lockdown: Social isolation, loneliness and quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Geriatric Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gerinurse.2021.03.010 google scholar CR - Seggie, F.N. & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel araştırma yöntemi. F. N. Seggie & Y. Bayyurt (Eds.). Nitel araştırma: Yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları (pp. 11-22). Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar CR - Seifert, A. (2020). The digital exclusion of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 674-676. google scholar CR - Sinav, A. (2020). Genç-yaşlı, orta-yaşlı ve ileri-yaşlı bireylerin sosyal medya kullanım davranışlarının karşılaştırmalı analizi: Eskişehir ili örneği. Etkileşim, 5, 116-145. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.5.87 google scholar CR - Sinav, A. (2020). Sosyal medya ve yaşlı kullanıcılar: Kullanımlar ve doyumlar yaklaşımı çerçevesinde bir araştırma. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 97-125. google scholar CR - Sixsmith, A., Horst, R.B., Simenov, D. & Mihailidis, A. (2022). Older people’s use of digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 42 (1-2), 3-53. https://doi. org/10.1177/02704676221094731 google scholar CR - Smith, J.A., Flowers, P. & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theoty, method and research (1st ed.). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Stake, E.R. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research (1st ed.). Sage Publication. google scholar CR - Starks, H. & Brown-Trinidad, S. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1372-1380. google scholar CR - Sum, S., Mathews, R.M., Hughes, I. & Campbell, A. (2008). Internet use and loneliness in older adults. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 208-211. google scholar CR - Szabo, A., Allen, J., Stephens, C. & Alpass, F. (2019). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between purposes of internet use and well-being among older adults. The Gerontologist, 59, 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/ geront/gny036 google scholar CR - Tekindal, M. & Uğuz-Arsu, Ş. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak fenomenolojik yaklaşımın kapsamı ve sürecine yönelik bir derleme. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 20(1), 153-182. google scholar CR - Thomas, P.A. (2010). Is it better to give or receive? Social support and the well-being of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(3), 351-357. google scholar CR - Tutar, H. (2023). Nitel araştırma deseni belirleme ölçütleri ve gerekçelendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 334-355. google scholar CR - Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021, 18 Mart). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, istatistiklerle yaşlılar, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2020-37227 google scholar CR - Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022, 18 Mart). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, istatistiklerle yaşlılar, 2021. shorturl.at/cqsKT google scholar CR - Tyler, M., George-Walker, L.D. & Simic, V. (2020). Motivation matters: Older adults and information communication technologies. Studies in the Education of Adults, 52(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2020.1731 058 google scholar CR - Van Deursen, A. & Helsper, E.J. (2015). A nuanced understanding of internet use and non-use among the elderly. European Journal of Communication, 30(2), 171-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/026732311557805 google scholar CR - Van Dijk, J.A.G.M. (2006). Digital divide research achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34(4-5), 221-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004 google scholar CR - Van Manen, M. (2007). Phenomenology of practice. Phenomenology & Practice, 1(1), 11-30. https://doi.org 10.29173/pandpr19803 google scholar CR - Vaportzis, E., Clausen, M.G. & Gow, A.J. (2017). Older adults perceptions of technology and barriers to interacting with tablet computers: A focus group study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2017.01687 google scholar CR - Wagner, N., Hassanein, K. & Head, M. (2010). Computer use by older adults: A multi-disciplinary review. google scholar CR - Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 870-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.029 google scholar CR - White, H., McConnell, E., Clipp, E., Branch, L.G., Sloane, R., Pieper, C. & Box, T.L. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of the psychological impact of providing internet training and Access to older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 6(3), 213-221. google scholar CR - Wilson, A. (2015). A guide to phenomenological research. Nursing Standard, 29(34), 38-43. google scholar CR - Winstead, V., Anderson, W.A., Yost, E.A., Cotton, S.R., Warr, A. & Berkowsky, R.W. (2013). You can teach an old dog new tricks: A qualitative analysis of how residents of senior living communities may use the web to overcome spatial and social berriers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32, 540-560. google scholar CR - Xie, B., Charness, N., Fingerman, K., Kaye, J., Kim, M. T. & Khurshid, A. (2020). When going digital becomes a necessity: Ensuring older adults’ needs for information, services, and social inclusion during COVID-19. Journal of Aging &Social Policy, 32(4-5), 460-470. google scholar CR - Zhang, Q., Guo, X. & Vogel, D. (2021). Information and communication technology use for life satisfaction among the elderly: A motivation perspective. American Journal of Health Behavior, 45(4), 701-710. https://doi. org/10.5993/AJHB.45.4.9 google scholar UR - https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2024-1287459 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3102170 ER -