TY - JOUR T1 - Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers in Heavy Diesel Combustion Plants TT - AĞIR DİZEL YAKMA TESİSLERİNDE ATIK GAZ KÜKÜRT GİDERME ÜNİTELERİ AU - Gemci, Tevfik PY - 2023 DA - December DO - 10.34186/klujes.1297543 JF - Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science JO - KLUJES PB - Kirklareli University WT - DergiPark SN - 2458-7494 SP - 237 EP - 253 VL - 9 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Through the purification technology of flue gas desulfurization, ultralow emissions of SO2 flue gas in industrial flue gas can be achieved. In this article, wet flue gas desulphurization (FGD) processes using limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO3) and caustic (sodium hydroxide NaOH) as absorption solution are introduced in terms of fluid mechanics and mass transfer phenomena as well as absorption unit processes. Also initial investment and operation costs are compared for wet flue gas desulphurization processes using limestone and and caustic. KW - Flue gas desulphurization KW - wet desulphurization process KW - fluid mechanics KW - mass transfer KW - absorption unit processes N2 - Baca gazı kükürt giderme saflaştırma teknolojisi sayesinde, endüstriyel baca gazında ultra düşük SO2 baca gazı emisyonları elde edilebilir. Bu makalede absorpsiyon çözeltisi olarak kireç taşı (kalsiyum karbonat CaCO3) ve kostik (sodyum hidroksit NaOH) kullanan ıslak kükürt giderme prosesleri, absorpsiyon unitesi proseslerinin yanı sıra akışkanlar mekaniği ve kütle transferi fenomenleri açısından tanıtılmaktadır. Ayrıca kireçtaşı ve kostik kullanılan ıslak baca gazı kükürt giderme proseslerinin ilk yatırım ve işletme maliyetleri karşılaştırılmıştır. CR - Flagan, R. C., & Seinfeld, J. H., Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering. 1st ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1988. CR - Heinsohn, R. J., & Kabel, R. L., Sources and Control of Air Pollution. 1st ed., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999. CR - Heinsohn, R. J., Control of Gaseous Pollutants – Absorption. In Air Pollution Engineering Manual, 2nd ed., New York, NY, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: W. T. Davis, 2000, ch. 2, sec. 1, pp. 22-36. CR - Meckl, S., & Wunder, R., Wäßrige Stoffsysteme zur Absorption von SO2, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 1991. CR - Steuler Press Release, “Steuler Anlagenbau Designs Waste Water and Waste-free Flue Gas Treatment Plant for Seagoing Vessels,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.steuler.de/fileadmin/shared/documents/press-releases/en/2019-12-09-steuler-anlagenbau-designs-flue-gas-treatment-for-seagoing-vessels.pdf CR - Koralegedara, N., Pinto, P. X., Dion-ysiou, D. D., & Al-Abed, S. R., Recent advances in flue gas desulfurization gypsum processes and applications – A review, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 251, article no. 109572, 2019. CR - Li, X., Han, J., Liu, Y., Dou, Z., & Zhang, T. A., Summary of research progress on industrial flue gas desulfurization technology, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 281, article no. 119849, 2022. CR - “Bekaplast Lining,” Steuler-KCH GmbH. Siershanh, Germany. [Online]. Available: https://linings.steuler.de/en/products/bekaplast.html CR - Leivo, C. C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Design and Operating Considerations, Volume II. Technical Report, U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Report # EPA-600/7-78-030b, March 1978. CR - Poullikkas, A., Review of Design, Operating, and Financial Considerations in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems, Energy Technology & Policy, vol. 2, pp. 92013, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/23317000.2015.1064794 CR - Prada, I. D. C., Rivera-Tinoco, R., and Bouallou, C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Assessment by Modeling and Experimental Work of an Optimized Fixed-Bed NaHCO3 Reactor, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 58, no. 40, pp. 18717–18730, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03010 CR - Diesel Power Plant – Components, Operation and Applications. Electrical Technology Organization. [Online]. Available: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/08/diesel-power-plant.html CR - Average Costs of Existing Flue Gas Desulfurization Units. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_09_04.html CR - Sharma, A. K, Prasad, D. S. N., Acharya, S., and Sharma, R., Utility and Application of FGD System (Flue Gas Desulphurization) in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-7, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijcea.org/papers/173-C00009.pdf CR - Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Packed-Bed/Packed-Tower Scrubber. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-015. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fpack.pdf CR - CPI (Consumer Price Index) Inflation Calculator. [Online]. Available: https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/ CR - Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolu Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik Taslağı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. [Online]. Available: https://www.itkib.org.tr/duyurular/sirkuler/dosyalar/SanKayHavKirYDYTslk_00002006.pdf CR - TUIK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Elektrik-ve-Dogal-Gaz-Fiyatlari-I.-Donem:-Ocak-Haziran-2022-45567#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Sanayide%202022%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20I.%20d%C3%B6nem,ortalama%20217%2C4%20kuru%C5%9F%20oldu. CR - Carpenter, A. M., Low Water FGD Technologies, U.S. Energy Association Report # CCC/210, ISBN 978-92-9029-530-3, November 2012. [Online]. Available: https://usea.org/sites/default/files/112012_Low%20water%20FGD%20technologies_ccc210.pdf CR - Sorrels, J. L., Wet and Dry Scrubbers for Acid Gas Control, U.S. EPA Air Economics Group, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/documents/wet_and_dry_scrubbers_section_5_chapter_1_control_cost_manual_7th_edition.pdf CR - Compressed Air Cost – Industrial Utilities. Intratec. [Online]. Available: https://www.intratec.us/products/water-utility-costs/commodity/cost-of-compressed-air#middle-east-africa CR - Beneficial Use Evaluation: Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment, March 2023. U.S. EPA Report # EPA 530-R-23-004. [Online]. Available: https://acaa-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FGD_Ben_Use_Eval_with_Appendices_March_2023_508.pdf CR - Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Flue Gas Desulfurization. U.S. EPA CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-034. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/ffdg.pdf CR - Forbes, A., Cleaning up with FGD Technology: Making Profitable Trade-offs in Desulfurizing Power, January 12, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ge.com/power/transform/article.transform.articles.2018.jan.cleaning-up-with-fgd-technolog#:~:text=Wet%20scrubber%20systems%20can%20be,on%20the%20coal's%20sulfur%20content. CR - Alkaline Scrubber, Emis. [Online]. Available: https://emis.vito.be/nl/node/19467#ftn1 CR - Borgwardt, R. H., Sludge Oxidation in Limestone FGD Scrubbers, U.S. EPA Report # EPA-600/7-77-061, 1977. [Online]. Available: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9101CY00.txt CR - Islam, M. S., Saha, S. C., Gemci, T, Yang, I. A., Sauret, E., Ristovski, Z., and Gu, Y. T., Euler-Lagrange Prediction of Diesel-Exhaust Polydisperse Particle Transport and Deposition in Lung: Anatomy and Turbulence Effects, Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Article no. 12423, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48753-6 CR - Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., Sauret, E., and Gu, Y.T., Polydisperse Microparticle Transport and Deposition to the Terminal Bronchioles in a Heterogenous Vasculature Tree, Scientific Reports, vol. 8, Article no. 16387, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34804-x CR - Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Sauret, E., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., and Gu, Y.T., Ultrafine Particle Transport and Deposition in a Large Scale 17-Generation Lung Model, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 64, pp 16-25, 2017. CR - Bratveit, M., Haaland, I. M., Moen, B., and Malsnes, A., Exposure to sulfuric acid in zinc production. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 48, pp. 159–170, 2004. CR - Shangina O., Brennan, P., Szeszenia-dabrowska, N., Mates, D., Fabia’Nova, E., Fletcher, T., Mannetje, A. T., Boffetta, P., and Zaridze, D., Occupational exposure and laryngeal and hypo-pharyngeal cancer risk in central and eastern Europe. American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 164, pp. 367–375, 2006. CR - Hsu, Y.-M., Wu, C.-Y., Lundgren, D., and Birky, B. K., Size-resolved sulfuric acid mist concentrations at phosphate fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Florida. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 51, pp. 81–89, 2007. CR - Srivastava, R. K. and Jozewicz, W., Flue Gas Desulfurization: The state of the art, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 51, pp. 1676-1688, 2002. UR - https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1297543 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3144543 ER -