TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the Toxicologic and Biochemical Effects of Silk Fibroin/Gold Nanoparticles-Based Nanofiber Using Zebrafish Embryos AU - Tunalı-akbay, Tuğba AU - Özcan, Ozan AU - Ünal, İsmail AU - Tufan, Elif AU - Emekli Alturfan, Ebru PY - 2023 DA - September DO - 10.26650/experimed.1301807 JF - Experimed PB - Istanbul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2667-5846 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 13 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Objective: This study aimed to test the toxicity of silk fibroin (SF) / gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based nanofiber by using zebrafish embryos as an alternative animal model.Materials and Methods: Nanofiber was fabricated via electrospinning. The zebrafish embryos were divided into four groups as control, 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) treated, one day SF/AuNPs treated (1D), and seven days SF/AuNPs treated (7D) group. The SF/AuNPs nanofiber was incubated in the medium for one day and seven days. Following incubation, the embryos were placed in the mediums and their development was monitored 72 hours post-fertilization. In the zebrafish embryos, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were detected.Results: Compared to the control group, there was no change in the hatching and mortality rates in the 1D and 7D groups. In the DCA group, the mortality rate was higher than the controls. In the 1D and 7D groups, MDA and NO were higher than the control but lower than the DCA group. SOD and GST activities decreased compared to the control.Conclusion: SF/AuNPs-based nanofiber did not affect the hatchability and mortality of embryos but increased oxidant damage, therefore it is thought that this oxidant effect of SF/AuNPs-based nanofibers may provide antibacterial properties. KW - Silk fibrion KW - gold nanoparticles KW - zebrafish embryos KW - oxidant-antioxidant status KW - toxicity CR - 1. Kamoun EA, Loutfy SA, Hussein Y, Kenawy E-RS. Recent advances in PVA-polysaccharide based hydrogels and electrospun nanofibers in biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187: 755-68. google scholar CR - 2. Vidya M, Rajagopal S. Silk fibroin: a promising tool for wound healing and skin regeneration. Int J Polym Sci 2021; 2021: 1-10. google scholar CR - 3. Unger R, Peters K, Wolf M, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Kirkpatrick C. Endothelialization of a non-woven silk fibroin net for use in tissue engineering: growth and gene regulation of human endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2004; 25(21): 5137-46. google scholar CR - 4. Tomeh MA, Hadianamrei R, Zhao X. Silk fibroin as a functional biomaterial for drug and gene delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11(10): 494. google scholar CR - 5. Nguyen TP, Nguyen QV, Nguyen VH, Le TH, Huynh VQN, Vo DVN, et al. Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications: A review. Polymers 2019; 11(12): 1933. google scholar CR - 6. Huang K, Jinzhong Z, Zhu T, Morsi Y, Aldalbahi A, El-Newehy M, et al. Exploration of the antibacterial and wound healing potential of a PLGA/silk fibroin-based electrospun membrane loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9(5): 1452-65. google scholar CR - 7. Jia L, Guo L, Zhu J, Ma Y. Stability and cytocompatibility of silk fibroin-capped gold nanoparticles. Mat Sci Eng C 2014; 43: 231-6. google scholar CR - 8. Alkilany AM, Lohse SE, Murphy CJ. The Gold standard: gold nanoparticle libraries To understand the nano-bio interface. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46(3): 650-61. google scholar CR - 9. Shrivastava R, Kushwaha P, Bhutia YC, Flora S. Oxidative stress following exposure to silver and gold nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32(8): 1391-404. google scholar CR - 10. Ahmad T, Iqbal J, Bustam MA, Irfan M, Asghar HMA. A critical review on phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: Issues, challenges and future perspectives. J Clean Prod 2021; 309: 127460. google scholar CR - 11. Rahman A, Chowdhury MA, Hossain N. Green synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles for biomedical applications: A review. Appl Surf Sci 2022; 11: 100296. google scholar CR - 12. Zhu J, Zhang Y, Shao H, Hu X. Electrospinning and rheology of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin aqueous solutions: The effects of pH and concentration. Polymer 2008; 49(12): 2880-5. google scholar CR - 13. Sharma R, Gulati S, Mehta S. Preparation of gold nanoparticles using tea: A green chemistry experiment. J Chem Educ 2012; 89(10): 1316-8. google scholar CR - 14. Karaman GE, Ünal İ, Beler M, Üstündağ FD, Cansız D, Üstündağ ÜV, et al. Toothpastes for children and their detergent contents affect molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022: 1-11. google scholar CR - 15. Ledwozyw A, Michalak J, Stepien A, Kadziolka A. The relationship between plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and lipid peroxidation products during human atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 155(3): 275-83. google scholar CR - 16. Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 2001; 5(1): 62-71. google scholar CR - 17. Mylroie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 82(3): 512-20. google scholar CR - 18. Habig WH, Jakoby WB. Assays for differentiation of glutathione S-Transferases. Methods Enzymol 1981; 77: 398-405. google scholar CR - 19. Machado S, Gonzalez-Ballesteros N, Gonçalves A, Magalhâes L, Sama Pereira de Passos M, Rodnguez-Argüelles MC, et al. Toxicity in vitro and in zebrafish embryonic development of gold nanoparticles biosynthesized using cystoseira macroalgae extracts. Int J Nanomed 2021: 16; 5017-36. google scholar CR - 20. Xu Z, Shi L, Yang M, Zhu L. Preparation and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-nanoparticles composites with enhanced properties-a review. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 95: 302-11 google scholar CR - 21. Sani A, Cao C, Cui D. Toxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): A review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26: 100991 google scholar CR - 22. Abdal Dayem A, Hossain MK, Lee SB, Kim K, Saha SK, Yang G-M, et al. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biological activities of metallic nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18(1): 120. google scholar CR - 23. Espey MG, Miranda KM, Thomas DD, Xavier S, Citrin D, Vitek MP, et al. A chemical perspective on the interplay between NO, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen oxide species. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 962(1): 195-206. google scholar CR - 24. Pourova J, Kottova M, Voprsalova M, Pour M. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in normal physiological processes. Acta Physiol 2010; 198(1): 15-35. google scholar CR - 25. Thaler CD, Epel D. Nitric oxide in oocyte maturation, ovulation, fertilization, cleavage and implantation: a little dab’ll do ya. Curr Pharm Des 2003; 9(5): 399-409. google scholar CR - 26. Sen GT, Ozkemahli G, Shahbazi R, Erkekoglu P, Ulubayram K, Kocer-Gumusel B. The effects of polymer coating of gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress and DNA damage. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39(4): 328-40. google scholar CR - 27. Huefner A, Septiadi D, Wilts BD, Patel, II, Kuan WL, Fragniere A, et al. Gold nanoparticles explore cells: cellular uptake and their use as intracellular probes. Methods 2014; 68(2): 354-63. google scholar UR - https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.1301807 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3162618 ER -