TY - JOUR T1 - KAYNAK BAĞIMLILIĞI KURAMI TEMELİNDE STRATEJİK İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİ: TEORİK BİR İNCELEME TT - STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BASED ON RESOURCE DEPENDENCE THEORY: A THEORETICAL REVIEW AU - Yıluzar, Havva PY - 2023 DA - November Y2 - 2023 DO - 10.20875/makusobed.1374406 JF - Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute JO - MAKU SOBED PB - Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University WT - DergiPark SN - 1309-1387 SP - 112 EP - 129 IS - 38 LA - tr AB - Stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimi, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi (İKY)’nin temel meselelerinin stratejik anlamda incelenmesinin neleri içerdiğini açıklamayı benimseyen bir kavramdır. Açık bir sistem içerisinde örgütler kıt kaynakları yönetmeye çalışarak çevreye uyum sağlamayı ve rekabet avantajı elde ederek güç kazanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, stratejik İKY uygulamalarının örgütün stratejisi ile uyumlu olması rekabet avantajı kazanmada önem teşkil etmektedir. Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı, örgütlerin yaşamlarını sürdürmesi ve rekabet avantajı elde etmesi için örgütler arasındaki ve örgüt içindeki güç ilişkilerini açıklamaya çalışarak örgütlere bu ilişkileri yönetme konusunda stratejiler sunmaktadır. Örgütlerin stratejik planlama süreci boyunca yetenekli ve ikame edilemeyen çalışanlara olan ihtiyacı, insan kaynaklarının rolünü oldukça önemli hale getirmektedir. Dolayısıyla, güç ve politik düzlemde yer alan İK departmanının değerli ve kıt kaynaklar üzerindeki kontrolü sebebiyle örgütteki gücü artabilir ve bu bağlamda İKY uygulamalarının stratejik olmayan belirleyicilerini Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı temelinde anlamak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İKY uygulamalarının stratejik olmayan belirleyicilerini anlamak için stratejik İKY’nin Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı’na dayanarak incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. KW - Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi KW - Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı KW - Güç Modeli N2 - Strategic human resource management is a concept that aims to explain what is involved in examining the core issues of HRM from a startegic perspective. Organizations in an open system aim to adapt to the environment by trying to manage scarce resources and gain power by gaining competitive advantage. In this context, it is important that strategic HRM practices are in line with the strategy determined by the organization in order to gain competitive advantage. Resource dependence theory tries to explain the power relations between and within organizations in order for organizations to survive and gain competitive advantage, and offers strategies for organizations to manage these relations. Organizations’ need for skilled and non-substituble employees throughout the strategic planning process makes the role of human resources very important. Therefore, the power of the HR department, which is located on the power and political plane, may increase in the organization due to its control over valuable and scarce resources, and in this context, it is necessary to try to understand the non-strategic determinants of HRM practices on the basis of resource dependency theory. In this article, it is aimed to examine strategic HRM based on Resource Dependence Theory to comprehend the non-strategic determinants of HRM practices. CR - Abdow, A. I. ve Ariri, Dr. J. (2018). Strategic human resource management in multinational enterprises. International Journal of Innovative Development & Policy Studies, 6(1), 42-50. CR - Aktaş, M. ve Şener, İ. (2011). Örgütlerin İKY uygulamaları çerçevesinde değişen yasal çevreye tepkileri: Yeni bir tepki olarak fırsatçı uyum. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 611-624. CR - Alam, A. M. ve Alam, M. (2022). Decentralization, resource splitting and budgetary process: An empirical study. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 34(1), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBAFM-02-2020-0017 CR - Alayoğlu, N. (2010). Rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamada insan kaynakları ve rekabet stratejileri uyumunun önemi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(17), 27-49. CR - Alqahtani, M. ve Ayentimi, D. T. (2021). The devolvement of hr practices in Saudi Arabian public universities: Exploring tensions and challenges. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.08.005 CR - Amalou-Döpke, L. ve Süß, S. (2014). HR measurement as an instrument of the HR department in its exchange relationship with top management: A qualitative study based on resource dependence theory. Scandinav Journal of Management, 30(4), 444-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2014.09.003 CR - Armstrong, M. ve Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (15. baskı). Kogan Page Publishers. CR - Armstrong, M. (2021). Armstrong’s handbook of strategic human resource management: Improve business performance through strategic people management (7. baskı). Kogan Page Publishers. CR - Baker, T. ve Aldrich, H. E. (1999). The trouble with gurus: Responses to dependence and the emergence of employment practices in entrepreneurial firms. Presented at the 18th Annual Babson-Kauffman Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Charleston, SC. CR - Baker, T. ve Aldrich, H. E. (2003): The trouble with gurus: Responses to dependence and the emergence of employment practices in entrepreneurial firms. CR - Bayat, B. (2008). İnsan kaynakları yönetiminin stratejik niteliği. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 67-91. CR - Boon, C., Den Hartog, D. N. ve Lepak, D. P. (2019). A systematic review of human resource management systems and their measurement. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2498-2537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318818718 CR - Boon, C., Eckardt, R., Lepak, D. P. ve Boselie, P. (2018). Integrating strategic human capital and strategic human resource management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(1), 34-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380063 CR - Boxall, P. ve Purcell, J. (2000). Strategic human resource management: Where have we come from and where should we be going?. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(2), 183-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00037 CR - Boxall, P. F. (1996). The strategic Hrm debate and the resource-based view of the firm. Human Resource Management Journal, 6(3), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.1996.tb00412.x CR - Bowen, D. ve Schneider, B. (1988). Services marketing and management: Implications for organizational behavior. B.M. Staw ve L. L. Cummings (Eds.) içinde, Research in organizational behavior (1. baskı, ss. 43-80). Jai Press. CR - Brass, D. J. ve Burkhardt, M. E. (1993). Potential power and power use: An investigation of structure and behavior. The Academy of Management Journal, 36, 441-470. https://doi.org/10.2307/256588 CR - C. Brewster, A. Hegewisch, Lockhart T. ve L. Holden (1992). The european human resource management guide. Academic Press. CR - Cascio, W. F. (1992). Reconciling economic and social objectives in personnel selection: Impact of alternative decision rules. New Approaches Empl. Manage.: Fairness Empl. Sell, 1, 61-86. CR - Child, J. (1997). Strategic choice in the analysis of action, structure, organizations and environment: Retrospect and prospect. Organization Studies, 18(1), 43-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069701800104 CR - Colbert, B. (2004). The complex resource-based view: Implications for theory and practice in strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159047 CR - Çağatay, A. ve Kızılkaya, S. (2021). Stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimi aracının liyakate esas görüşlerle olan ilişkisi: Sağlık çalışanları örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.798222 CR - Davis, G. F. ve Cobb, J. A. (2010). Resource dependence theory: Past and future. C. Bird Schoonhoven ve F. Dobbin (Eds.) içinde, Stanford's organization theory renaissance, 1970-2000 (Research in the sociology of organizations, Cilt: 28, ss. 21-42). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. CR - Droll, S. E. (2013). Resource dependency the oryandthe inclusion of foreign nationals on the board of directors of publicly traded chilean companies: A multi-case study (Yayın Nu. 166398272) [Doktora tezi, Georgia State University]. Semantic Scholar. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=bus_admin_diss CR - Ekin, N. (1994). Endüstri ilişkileri. Beta. CR - Farndale, E. ve Hope-Hailey, V. (2009). Personnel departmental power: Realities from the UK higher education sector. Management Revue, 20, 392-412. https://doi.org/10.1688/1861-9908_mrev_2009_04_Farndale CR - Galang, M. C. ve Ferris, G. R. (1997). Human resource department power and influence through symbolic action. Human Relations, 50, 1403-1426. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679705001104 CR - Gaurav, R. C. (2011). Modern business management. Pitman’s Book Ltd. CR - Gerdin, J. (2005). The impact of departmental interdependencies and management accounting system use on subunit performance. European Accounting Review, 14, 297-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180500043485 CR - Gilbert, C., De Winne, S. ve Sels, L. (2011). The influence of line managers and hr department an employees’ affective commitment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(8), 1618-1637. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.565646 CR - Gupta, A. ve Govindarajan, V. (1991). Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations. Academy of Management Review, 16, 768-792. https://doi.org/10.2307/258980 CR - Gürbüz, S. (2013). Stratejik insan kaynakları yönetiminin kuramsal temelleri: Evrenselci, koşul bağımlılık ve yapısalcı yaklaşımlar. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 1-35. CR - Gürbüz, S. (2011). Stratejik insan kaynakları yönetiminin örgütsel bağlılığa ve iş tatminine etkisi: İnsan kaynakları yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(2), 397-418. CR - Hickson, D. J., Hinings, C. R., Lee, C. A., Schneck, R.E. ve Pennings, J. M. (1971). A strategic contingencies’ theory of intraorganizational power. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 216-229. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391831 CR - Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., ve Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35, 1404-1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206309343469 CR - Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E. ve Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resource management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 171-188. CR - Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., ve Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 1-56. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2014.872335 CR - Jackson, Susan E. ve Schuler, R. S. (1995). Understanding human resource management in the context of organizations and their environments. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 237-264. CR - Johnson, B. L. (1995). Resource dependence theory: A political economy model of organizations. University of Utah, Educational Resource. CR - Kaufman, B. E. (2015). Evolution of strategic hrm as seen through two founding books: A 30th anniversary perspective on development of the field. Human Resource Management, 54(3), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21720 CR - Kelly, J., ve Gennard, J. (2001). Power and ınfluence in the board-room. The Role of The Personnel/Hr Director. Routledge & Curzon. CR - Kim, S. ve Wright, P. M. (2011). Putting strategic human resource management in context: A contextualized model of high commitment work systems and its implications in China. Management and Organization Review, 7(1), 153-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00185.x CR - Koç, O. ve Sayılar, Y. (2016). Örgüt araştırmalarında kaynak bağımlılığı perspektifi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 27(80), 136-177. CR - Konrad, A. M. ve Linnehan, F. (1992). The implementation and effectiveness of equal opportunity employment. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 1992(1), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1992.17516377 CR - Landy, F. J., Shankster, L. J. ve Kohler, S. S. (1994). Personnel selection and placement. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 261-96. CR - Lee, M. A. (1994). Matching human resource strategy to organizational strategy: The behavioral perspective re-visited [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Nova Southeastern University. CR - Legge, K. (1995). Human resource management. Mcmillanpress Ltd. Liu, L., Akkineni, S., Story, P. ve Davis, C. (2020). Using hr analytics to support managerial decisions: A case study. Proceedings of The 2020 Acm Southeast Conference. CR - Mahoney, T. A. (1987). Understanding comparable worth: a societal and political perspective. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 209-45. CR - Mello, J. A. (2002). Strategic human resource management. South Western Thomson Learning. CR - Merdan, E. (2022). Kaynak bağımlılığını yönetme eğiliminin inovasyon performansı ve stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimine etkisi: Kuramsal ve nicel bir değerlendirme. İşletme, 3(2), 1-14. CR - Meydan, H. C. (2015). Kaynak bağımlılığı kuramı. H. C. Sözen ve H. N. Basım (Eds.) içinde, Örgüt kuramları (3. baskı, ss. 179-204 ). Beta Basım Yayın. CR - Miller, P. ve O'leary, T. (1989). Hierarchies and American ideals, 1900-1940. Academy of Management Review, 14, 250-265. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4282114 CR - Mirza, Ş. ve Dağdeviren, İ. E. (2020). Kaynak bağımlılığı kuramı, gelişimi ve örgüt kuramına katkıları. E. Sarıkaya (Eds.) içinde, Sosyal ve beşerî bilimlerde teori ve araştırmalar (1. baskı, ss. 529-550). Gece Kitaplığı. CR - Nienhüser, W. (2008). Resource dependence theory–How well does it explain behavior of organizations?. Management Revue, 19(1/2), 9-32. CR - Noe, R.A. ve Ford, J. K. (1992). Emerging issues and new directions for training research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 10, 345-384. CR - Okechukwu, E. U., Udochukwu, O., ve Eze, J. (2016). Application of strategic human resource management in manufacturing organizations in Enugu State. Ng-Journal of Social Development, 5(3), 23-33. CR - Osterman, P. (1984). Internal labor markets. The MIT Press. CR - Osterman, P. (1992). Internal labor markets in a changing environment: Models and evidence. D. Lewin, O. Mitchell, P. D. Sherer (Eds.) içinde, Research frontiers in industrial relations and human resources (1. baskı, ss. 273-308). Ind. Relat. Res. Assoc. CR - Ouchi, W. G. (1977). The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 95-113. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391748 CR - Pao, H.-W., Lee, C.-Y., Chung, P.-H. ve Wu, H.-L. (2018). Hiring decisions on certified manpower: The resource dependence and social contagion views of institutional innovators. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(4), 514-535. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-05-2017-0070 CR - Pfeffer, J. (1987). A resource dependence perspective on incorporate relations. M. S. Mizruchi ve M. Schwartz (Eds.) içinde, Intercorporate relations: The structural analysis of business (1. baskı, ss. 25-55). Cambridge University Press. CR - Pfeffer, J. (1976). Beyond management and the worker: The institutional function of management. Academy of Management Review, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.2307/257485 CR - Pfeffer, J. (1995). Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force. Harvard Business Press. CR - Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force. Harvard Business School Press. CR - Pfeffer, J. (2005). Developing resource dependence theory. How theory is affected by its environment. K. G. Smith ve M. A. Hitt (Eds.) içinde, Great minds in management: The process of theory development (1. baskı, ss. 436-459). Oxford University Press. CR - Pfeffer, J. (1978). The micropolitics of organizations. M. W. Meyer ve Associates (Eds.) içinde, Environments and organizations (1. baskı, ss. 29-50). Jossey-Bass. CR - Pfeffer, J. 1981. Power in organizations. Pitman. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Cohen, Y. (1984). Determinants of internal labor markets in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 550-572. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392939 CR - Pfeffer, J. (2005). Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people. Academy of Management Executive, 19(4), 95-108. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Davis-Blake, A. (1987). Understanding organizational wage structure: A resource dependence approach. Academy of Management Journal, 30(3), 437-455. https://doi.org/10.2307/256008 CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Langton, N. (1988). Wage inequality and the organization of work: The case of academic departments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(4), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392645 CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Moore, W. (1980). Power in university budgeting: A replication and extension. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(4), 637-653. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Salancik, G. (2003). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Standford Business Classics. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Salancik, G. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Harper&Row. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Salancik, G. R. (2003). The external control of organizations. A resource dependence perspective (2. baskı). Harper & Row. CR - Pfeffer, J. ve Veiga, J. (1999). Putting people first for organizational success. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(2), 37-48. CR - Phillips, J. ve Gully S. M. (2009). Strategic staffing. Pearson Prentice Hall. CR - Provan, K. G., Beyer, J. M. ve Kruytbosch, C. (1980). Environmental linkages and power in resource-dependence relations between organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(2), 200-250. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392452 CR - Salancik, G. R. ve Pfeffer, J. (1974). The bases and use of power in organizational decision making: The case of a university. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(4), 453-473. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391803 CR - Sayılar, Y. (2005). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi alanında kuram ve araştırmanın gelişimi: Sratejik olan ve olmayan perspektiflerden bir inceleme. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 55-74. CR - Sayılar, Y. (2008). Türkiye’deki insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamaları açısından stratejik seçim ve kurumsal belirlenimin olası etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63(2), 220-249. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_000000207 CR - Selznick, P. (1949). Tva and the grass roots: A study of politics and organization (Cilt: 3). University of California Press. CR - Schuler, R. S. (1992). Strategic human resource management: Linking people with the strategic needs of the business. Organizational Dynamics, 21(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(92)90083-Y CR - Schuler, R. S. ve Jackson, S. E. (2007). Strategic human resource management (2. baskı). Oxford, Blackwell. CR - Schuler, R. ve Walker, J. (1990). Human resources strategy: Focusing on issues and actions. Organizational Dynamics, Summer, 5-19. CR - Sharifian, M., Shahrasbi, N. ve Rohani, M. (2018). “Big fish” or “small fish”: How institutional theory and resource dependence theory explain institutional change in organizational field. Journal of Marketing and Strategic Management Jmsm, (12), 54-67. CR - Shin, D. Y., Weech-Maldonado, R. ve Chang, J. (2020) The impact of market conditions on RN staffing in hospitals: Using resource dependence theory and information uncertainty perspective. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2103-2114. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S274529 CR - Smith-Cook, D. ve Ferris, G. R. (1986). Strategic human resource management and firm effectiveness in industries experiencing decline. Human Resource Management, 25(3), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250308 CR - Soysal, A., ve Kılınç, E. (2016). İşletmelerde stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimi sürecinde performans değerlendirme ve kariyer yönetimi uygulamaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(31), 325-347. https://doi.org/10.30976/susead.302170 CR - Suri, N., ve Lakhanpal, P. (2022). People analytics enabling hr strategic partnership: A review. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 0(0), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093722111959 CR - Taylor, S., Beechler, S., ve Napier, N. (1996). Toward an integrative model of strategic international human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 959-985. https://doi.org/10.2307/259160 CR - Toh, S. M., Morgeson, F. P. ve Campion, M. A. (2008). Human resource configurations: Investigating fit with the organizational context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 864-882. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.864 CR - Tokgöz, N. , Taşcı, D. , Koç, U. , Türker, Y. ve Yalçınkaya, A. (2020). İmalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren Kobi’lerde insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarının belirleyicileri: Eskişehir örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 21(1), 49-68. CR - Tokgöz, N. (2016). Stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimi ve insan kaynakları sonuç kartı. Stratejik Performans Yönetimi (ss. 156-178). Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. CR - Truss, C. ve Gratton, L. (1994). Strategic human resource management: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(3), 663-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585199400000053 CR - Ulrich, D., ve Dulebohn, J. H. (2015). Are we there yet? What’s next for HR?. Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), 188-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.01.004 CR - Ulrich, D. ve Barney, J. B. (1984). Perspectives in organizations: Resource dependence, efficiency, and population. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.2307/258287 CR - Ünnü, N. A. A. ve Keçecioğlu, T. (2009). The transformation from human resource management to “strategic” human resource management. Ege Academic Review, 9(4), 1171-1192. CR - Üsdiken, B. (2007). Çevresel baskı ve talepler karşısında örgütler: kaynak bağımlılığı yaklaşımı. A. S. Sargut ve Ş. Özen (Der) içinde, Örgüt kuramları (1. baskı, ss. 77-133). İmge Yayınevi. CR - Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization. Oxford University Press. CR - Wigdor, A.K. ve Sackett, P. R. (1993). Employment testing and public policy: the case of the general aptitude test battery. H. Schuler, J. L. Farr ve M. Smith (Eds.) içinde, Personnel selection and assessment: Individual and organizational perspectives (1. baskı, ss. 183-204). Lawrence Erlbaum. CR - Wright, P. M., ve Mcmahan, G. C. (2011). Exploring human capital: putting ‘human’ back into strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Journal, 21(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00165.x CR - Wright, P. (1998). Strategy-hr fit: does it really matter?. Human Resource Planning, 21(4), 56-59. CR - Wright, P. M. ve Mcmahan, G. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2): 295-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063920180020 CR - Wright, P. M. ve Snell, S. A. (1991). Toward an integrative view of strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 1(3), 203-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90015-5 CR - Wry, T., Cobb, A. J. ve Aldrich, E. H. (2013). More than a metaphor: Assessing the historical legacy of resource dependence and its contemporary promise as a theory of environmental complexity. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 439-486. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2013.781862 UR - https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1374406 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3467928 ER -