TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Essential Oil from Calendula arvensis L. (Field Marigold Flowers)
TT  - Calendula arvensis L. (Portakal Nergisi) Çiçek Uçucu Yağının Analizi
AU  - Okan, Onur Tolga
PY  - 2024
DA  - February
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.24011/barofd.1384784
JF  - Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
PB  - Bartin University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1302-0943
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - In this study, the quantity, structure, and classification of the essential oil obtained from the flowers of Field-grown Marigold (Calendula arvensis L.) individuals grown in the field environment in Maçka District, Trabzon Province, are presented. The essential oil of the collected and dried flowers was obtained using the Clevenger apparatus through the water distillation method. The components of the essential oil extracted from flowers were determined qualitatively using GC-MS/FID (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Flame Ionization Detector). The components that constitute 99.15% of the essential oil of field-grown Marigold have been identified. According to the results obtained, 74 known components were identified in the extracted essential oil from flowers, while only 2 components remained unidentified. The primary components of essential oil have been identified as %26.34 τ-kadinol, %10.99 δ-kadinol, %16.28 δ-kadinen, %8.79 α-thujen, and %6.04 α-pinen, respectively, in the order of their highest concentration. When considering the chemical classification of components identified in the flowers of Calendula arvensis L, sesquiterpenoids were found to be present at the highest proportion, amounting to 42.48%. When terpenes, terpenoids, or their derivatives were evaluated as components, it was found that they constituted 53 compounds and were present at an extremely high level of 93.32% in the essential oil of Calendula arvensis L.
KW  - Calendula arvensis L.
KW  - chemical components
KW  - chemical classification
KW  - field marigold
KW  - essential oil
N2  - Bu çalışma kapsamında, Trabzon İli, Maçka İlçesi’nde tarla ortamında yetiştirilen Portakal nergisi (Calendula arvensis L.) bireylerinden toplanan çiçeklerden elde edilen uçucu yağının miktarı yapısı ve bileşenlerin sınıflandırılmasına yer verilmiştir. Toplanan ve kurutulan çiçeklerin uçucu yağı Clevenger aparatı kullanılarak su destilasyonu metodu ile elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklerden alınan uçucu yağın bileşenleri kalitatif olarak GC-MS/FID (gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi) ile belirlenmiştir. Portakal nergisi bitki çiçeklerinin uçucu yağını oluşturan bileşiklerin %99,15’i tanımlanmıştır. Belirlenen sonuçlara göre çiçeklerden elde edilen uçucu yağda 74 bilinen bileşen tespit edilirken 2 bileşen ise belirlenememiştir. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri miktarları sırasıyla %26,34 τ-kadinol, %10,99 δ-kadinol, %16,28 δ-kadinen, %8,79 α-thujen ve %6,04 α-pinen olarak belirlenmiştir. Çiçek uçucu yağında belirlenen bileşenlerinin kimyasal sınıflandırılmaları dikkate alındığında %42,48 ile seskiterpenoidler en yüksek oranda tespit edilmiştir. Terpen, terpenoid veya terpen benzeri sınıfı bileşikler olarak değerlendirildiğinde 53 adet bileşik ve %93,32 ile oldukça yüksek oranda Portakal nergisi çiçeklerinin uçucu yağında bulunmuştur
CR  - Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Allured publishing, Carol stream, IL, USA.
CR  - Ak, G., Zengin, G., Ceylan, R., Mahomoodally, M.F., Jugreet, S., Mollica, A., Stefanucci, A. (2021). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Calendula officinalis L. flowers and leaves. Flavour and Flagrance Journal, 36(5), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3661
CR  - Başaran, A. A. (2012). Ülkemizdeki Bitkisel İlaçlar ve Ürünlerde Yasal Durum. Türk Eczacıları Birliği Yayını, Meslek İçi Sürekli Eğitim Dergisi (MİSED), Sayı: 27-28, 22-26.
CR  - El-Hawary, S. S., El-Tantawi, M. E., Kirollos, F. N., & Hammam, W. E. (2018). Chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of volatile constituents from Pyrus communis L. and Malus domestica Borkh. fruits cultivated in Egypt. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(6), 1642-1651.    https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2018.1553637
CR  - Enginoğlu, S., & Memiş, S. (2018). A configuration of some soft decision-making algorithms via fpfs-matrices. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 39(4), 871–881. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.409915
CR  - Gazim, Z.C., Rezende, C.M., Fraga, S.R., Svidzinski, T.I., Cortez, D.A. (2008a). Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Calendula officinalis L. (asteraceae) growing in Brazil. Brazilian Journal Microbiology, 39(1):61-63. https://10.1590/S1517-838220080001000015.
CR  - Gazim, Z.C, Rezende, C.M, Fraga, S.R., Dias Filho, B.P., Nakamura, C.V., Cortez, D.A.G. (2008b). Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures, Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas,44(3):391-395. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322008000300008
CR  - H. Rob., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 34(5), 825-834. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1002-62
CR  - Kalas, M. (2016). Eskişehir Çevresinde Yetişen Bazı Calendula L. Türleri Üzerinde Farmasötik Botanik ve Fitokimyasal Araştırmalar, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
CR  - Karataş, Ş. M., Öz, Mehmet., Fidan, M. S., Baltacı, C., & Üçüncü, O. (2022). Gümüşhane yöresinde yetişen Ribes petraeum Wulfen (Frenk Üzümü) bitkisinden uçucu yağının elde edilmesi, kimyasal içerik ve biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 498-511.  https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.997171
CR  - Khalid, K.A., & Silva, J.A.T., (2010). Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis L. flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2):297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.023
CR  - Küçük, M., Güleç, C., Üçüncü, O., Yaşar, A., Gaydan, F., Coşkunçebi, K., Terzioğlu, S., & Yaylı, N. (2006). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, T. Orientale var. puberulens, and T. Chamaedrys subsp. lydium. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(8), 592-599.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200600896868
CR  - Mishra, A.K., Mishra, A., Verma, A., Chattopadhyay, P. (2012). Effects of Calendula essential oil based cream on biochemical parameters of skin of albino rats against ultraviolet B radiation. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 80(3):669-684. http://10.3797/scipharm.1112-18.
CR  - Okoh, O. O., Sadimenko, A. P., Asekun, O. T., & Afolayan, A. J. (2008). The effects of drying on the chemical components of essential oils of Calendula officinalis L. African journal of biotechnology, 7(10), 1500-1502.
CR  - Paolini, J., Barboni, T., Desjobert, J.M., Djabou, N., Muselli, A., & Costa, J., (2010). Chemical composition, intraspecies variation and seasonal variation in essential oils of Calendula arvensis L. Ecology, 38(5):865-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.07.009.
CR  - Raal, A., Orav, A., Nesterovitsch, J., & Kerttu M., (2016). Analysis of carotenoids, flavonoids and essential oil of Calendula officinalis cultivars growing in Estonia. Natural Product Communications, 11(8), 1157-1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100831.
CR  - Sahingil, D. (2019) GC/MS-Olfactometric Characterization of the Volatile Compounds, Determination Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Flowers of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22:6, 1571-1580. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1703829
CR  - Servi, H., Vatansever, C., Doğan, A., & Majeed, V.A. (2020). Antibacterial activity and essential oil composition of Calendula arvensis L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 7(4), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.676985.
CR  - Tosun, G., Yayli, B., Arslan, T., Yasar, A., Karaoglu, S. A., & Yayli, N. (2012). Comparative essential oil analysis of Calendula arvensis L. extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave distillation and antimicrobial activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24(5), 1955-1958.
CR  - Yoshikawa, M., Murakami, T., Kishi, A., Kageura, T., & Matsuda, H., (2001). Medicinal flowers. III. Marigold (1): hypoglycemic, gastric emptying inhibitory and gastroprotective principles and new oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, calendasaponins A, B, C, and D, from Egyptian Calendula officinalis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bullettin, 49, 863–870. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.49.863
UR  - https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1384784
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3511293
ER  -