TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of the Wrapping Layers Number and Length on the Flexural Properties of Chestnut Beams Reinforced with Basalt-FRP
TT  - Sargılama Tabaka Sayısı ve Uzunluğunun Bazalt-FRP ile Güçlendirilmiş Kestane Kirişlerin Eğilme Özelliklerine Etkisi
AU  - Şimşek Türker, Yasemin
AU  - Kılınçarslan, Şemsettin
PY  - 2023
DA  - December
Y2  - 2023
JF  - Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences
JO  - GJES
PB  - Parantez Teknoloji
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-9373
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
LA  - en
AB  - Traditional wooden structures often face deterioration due to elevated levels of humidity and temperature. When wood beams suffer dam-age, the typical approach has been either replacement or reinforcement with steel. However, there remains a pressing need to fortify and restore these structures, thus averting the necessity for demolition. The strengthening and rehabilitation of such existing wooden edifices have emerged as a focal point for numerous re-searchers. In recent times, Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are used in various areas such as buildings and bridges due to their ease of application, light weight, high strength and resistance to environmental effects. A multitude of researchers have successfully employed FRP composite materials in fortifying wooden members and structures. In this study, 70x70x1200 mm chestnut beams were strengthened 1, 2, 3 layers and 300 mm, 600 mm, 900 mm length with Basalt-FRP fabrics. Beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymers were subjected to bending tests. As a result of the bending test, it was determined that the bending properties of the beam increased as the number of wraps and length increased.
KW  - Wrapping layers number
KW  - chestnut beams
KW  - Basalt-FRP
KW  - wrapping length
N2  - Geleneksel ahşap yapılar genellikle yüksek nem ve sıcaklık nedeniyle bozulmayla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Ahşap kirişler hasar gördüğünde genel olarak çelik eleman ile güçlendirme veya yer değiştirme yapılmaktadır. Yapıların güçlendirilmesi ve restore edilmesi, yıkım zorunluluğunun ortadan kaldırılması yönünde bir ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu tür mevcut ahşap yapıların güçlendirilmesi ve rehabilitasyonu birçok araştırmacının odak noktası olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda, Fiber Takviyeli Polimerler (FRP) uygulama kolaylığı, hafif olması, dayanımının yüksek olması, çevresel etkilere karşı dirençli olması sebebiyle binalar ve köprüler gibi çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Çok sayıda araştırmacı, ahşap elemanların ve yapıların güçlendirilmesinde FRP kompozit malzemeleri başarıyla kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 70x70x1200 mm kestane kirişler 1, 2, 3 kat ve 300 mm, 600 mm, 900 mm uzunlukta Bazalt-FRP kumaş ile güçlendirilmiştir. Fiber takviyeli polimerlerle güçlendirilmiş kirişler eğilme testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Eğilme testi sonucunda sargılama sayısı ve uzunluğu arttıkça kirişin eğilme özelliklerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
CR  - [1] H.T. Sahin, M.B.  Arslan, S. Korkut and C. Sahin, “Colour changes of heat‐treated woods of red‐bud maple, european hophornbeam and oak,’’ Color Research & Application, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 462-466, 2011. doi: 10.1002/col.20634
CR  - [2] S. D. Sofuoglu, M. Tosun and A. Atılgan, “Determination of the machining characteristics of Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana Mattf.) densified by compressing,’’ Wood Material Science & Engineering, vol. 18, no.3, pp. 841-851, 2023. doi: 10.1080/17480272.2022.2080586
CR  - [3] C. Sahin, M. Topay and A.A. Var, “A study on some wood species for landscape applications: surface color, hardness and roughness changes at outdoor conditions,’’ Wood Research, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 395-404, 2020. doi: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.3.395404
CR  - [4] S. Kilincarslan and Y. S. Turker, “Experimental investigation of the rotational behaviour of glulam column-beam joints reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer composites,’’ Composite Structures, pp. 262, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113612
CR  - [5] N. Plevris and T. C. Triantafillou, “Creep behavior of FRP-reinforced wood members,” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 174-186, 1995. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:2(174)
CR  - [6] T. C. Triantafillou “Shear reinforcement of wood using FRP materials,’’ Journal of materials in civil engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 65-69, 1997.
CR  - [7] A. Wdowiak-Postulak, M. Wieruszewski, F. Bahleda, J. Prokop and J. Brol, “fibre-reinforced polymers and steel for the reinforcement of wooden elements-experimental and numerical analysis,” Polymers, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 2062, 2023. doi: 10.3390/polym15092062
CR  - [8] S. Kilincarslan and Y. S. Turker, “Experimental and numerical investigation of flexural properties of solid wood materials reinforced with various FRP,’’ Sakarya University Journal Of Science, vol. 27, no.4, pp. 895-901, 2023. doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1064612
CR  - [9] I. Smith and M. A. Snow, “Timber: An ancient construction material with a bright future,’’ The Forestry Chronicle, vol. 84, no.4, pp. 504-510, 2008. doi: 10.5558/tfc84504-4
CR  - [10] Z. Chen, E. Zhu, J. Pan and G. Wu, “Energy-dissipation performance of typical beam-column joints in Yingxian Wood Pagoda: experimental study,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 30, no.3, 04015028, 2015.doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000771
CR  - [11] S. Kilincarslan and Y. Simsek Turker, “Evaluation in terms of sustainability of wood materials reinforced with FRP,’’ Journal of Technical Sciences, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 22-30, 2020. doi: 10.35354/tbed.615101
CR  - [12] J. H. Ulaşan, A. Bajraktari, N. Döngel, H. Ö. Imirzi and C. Söğütlü, “Modulus of elasticity and flexural behavior of glulam beams reinforced with steel mesh in different mesh openings,’’ Materials, vol.16, no.12, pp. 4307, 2023.  doi: 10.3390/ma16124307
CR  - [13] G. M. Raftery and P. D. Rodd, “FRP reinforcement of low-grade glulam timber bonded with wood adhesive,’’ Construction and building materials, vol. 91, PP. 116-125, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.026
CR  - [14] M. Bazli, M. Heitzmann and B. V. Hernandez, “Durability of fibre-reinforced polymer-wood composite members: An overview,’’ Composite Structures, vol. 295, 115827, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115827
CR  - [15] H. J. Dagher, T. E. Kimball, S. M. Shaler and B. Abdel-Magid, ‘’Effect of FRP reinforcement on low grade eastern hemlock glulams’’ In Proc., National Conf. on Wood Transportation Structures (pp. 207-215). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, October, 1996.
CR  - [16] K. U. Schober, A. M. Harte, R. Kliger, R. Jockwer, Q. Xu and J. F. Chen “FRP reinforcement of timber structures,’’ Construction and building materials, vol. 97, pp. 106-118, 2015. doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2015.06.020
CR  - [17] W. G. Davids, H. J. Dagher and J. M. Breton, “Modeling creep deformations of FRP-reinforced glulam beams,’’ Wood and fiber science, vol. 32, no.4, pp. 426-441, 2000.
CR  - [18] Y. F. Li, M. J. Tsai, T. F. Wei and W. C. Wang “A study on wood beams strengthened by FRP composite materials,’’ Construction and Building Materials, vol. 62, pp. 118-125, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.036
[19] S. Kilincarslan, Y. Simsek Turker and M. Ince. “Prediction of Flexural Properties of Wood Material Reinforced with Various FRP Fabrics by Artificial Neural Networks,’’ Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology, vol. 9, no.6, pp.188-194, 2021. doi:10.29130/dubited.1015572
CR  - [20] A. Borri, M. Corradi and A. Grazini, “FRP reinforcement of wood elements under bending loads,’’ In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Faults, Repair, (Vol. 13), July, 2003, London, UK[Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3447568, [Accessed: 10 Sept. 2022]
CR  - [21] M. Bazli, M. Heitzmann and B. V. Hernandez, “Durability of fibre-reinforced polymer-wood composite members: An overview,’’ Composite Structures, vol. 295, 115827, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115827
CR  - [22] H. J. Dagher, T. E. Kimball, S. M. Shaler and B. Abdel-Magid, “Effect of FRP reinforcement on low grade eastern hemlock glulams,’’ In Proc., National Conf. on Wood Transportation Structures (pp. 207-215). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, (October, 1996)
CR  - [23] S. Kilincarslan and Y. Simsek Turker, “Strengthening of solid beam with fiber reinforced polymers,’’ Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 166-171, 2022. doi: 10.31127/tuje.1026075
CR  - [24] Y. F. Li, M. J. Tsai, T. F. Wei and W. C. Wang, “A study on wood beams strengthened by FRP composite materials,’’ Construction and Building Materials, vol. 62, 118-125, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.036
CR  - [25] T. Smith, F. C. Ponzo, A. Di Cesare, S. Pampanin, D. Carradine, A. H. Buchanan and D. Nigro, “Post-tensioned glulam beam-column joints with advanced damping systems: testing and numerical analysis,’’ Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 18, no.1, pp. 147-167, 2014. doi: 10.1080/13632469.2013.835291
CR  - [26] M. He, J. Luo, D. Tao, Z. Li, Y. Sun and G. He, “Rotational behavior of bolted glulam beam-to-column connections with knee brace,’’ Engineering Structures, vol. 207, 110251, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110251
CR  - [27] A. Wdowiak-Postulak, “Strengthening of structural flexural glued laminated beams of ashlar with cords and carbon laminates,” Materials, vol. 15, no. 23, 8303, 2022. doi: 10.3390/ma15238303
CR  - [28] N. Guo, T. Liu, M. Xu and Y. Zhao, “Influence of steel wires on the seismic performance of prestressed glulam beam-column bolted connections,” Wood Material Science & Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 718-731, 2023. doi:10.1080/17480272.2022.2073470
CR  - [29] S. W. Han and S. H. Lee, “Cyclic behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite corner joints,’’ Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 47, pp. 1-18, 2022. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103892
CR  - [30] F. Micelli, V. Scialpi and A. La Tegola, “Flexural reinforcement of glulam timber beams and joints with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rods,’’ Journal of Composites for Construction, vol.4, no.9, pp.337–347, 2005. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:4(337)
CR  - [31] L. De Lorenzis, V. Scialpi and A. La Tegola, “Analytical and experimental study on bonded-in CFRP bars in glulam wood,’’ Composite Part B: Engineering, vol. 36, no.4, pp. 279– 289, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.11.005
CR  - [32] H. Johnsson, T. Blanksvard and A. Carolin, “Glulam members strengthened by carbon fibre reinforcement,’’ Materials and Structures, 40, 47–56, 2006. Doi: 10.1617/s11527-006-9119-7
CR  - [33] T.R. Gentry, “Performance of glued-laminated timbers with FRP shear and flexural reinforcement,’’ Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 861–870, 2011. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.00002
CR  - [34]A.S. Mosallam and S. Banerjee, “Enhancement in in-plane shear capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer composites,’’ Compos Part B Eng, vol. 42, no.6, pp. 1657-70, 2011. doi: 0.1016/j.compositesb.2011.03.015
CR  - [35] A.S. Mosallam, M.M. Taha, J.J. Kim and A. Nasr, “Strength and ductility of RC slabs strengthened with hybrid high-performance composite retrofit system,’’ Eng Struct, vol. 36, pp.70-80 March 2012, 2012.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.022
CR  - [36] A.S. Mosallam, A. Bayraktar, M. Elmikawi, S. Pul and S. Adanur, “Polymer composites in construction: an overview,’’. SOJ Mater Sci Eng, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 125, 2014.
CR  - [37]R. Lopez-Anido, A. Michael and T.C. Sandford, “Experimental characterization of FRP composite wood pile structural response by bending tests,’’ Mar Struct, vol. 16, 257, 74, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0951-8339(03)00021-2
CR  - [38] J. Brody, A. Richard, K. Sebesta, K. Wallace, Y. Hong and R. Anido, “FRP-WoodConcrete composite bridge girders. In: Advanced Technology in structural engineering,’’ ASCE structures congress 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, May 8–10; p. 1-10, 2000.
CR  - [39] J.R. Gilfillan, S.G. Gilbert and G.R.H. Patrick, “The use of FRP composites in enhancing the structural behavior of timber beams,” J Reinf Plastics Compos, vol. 22, no.15, pp.1373-88, 2003
CR  - [40] Y. Gao, Y. Wu, X. Zhu, L. Zhu, Z. Yu and Y. Wu, “Numerical analysis of the bending properties of cathay poplar glulam,’’ Materials, 8(10), 7059-7073, 2015
CR  - [41] T. Pupsys, M. Corradi, A. Borri and L. Amess, “Bending reinforcement of full-scale timber beams with mechanically attached GFRP composite plates,’’. Dept. of Mechanical & Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, July 2017. United Kingdom
CR  - [42] A., Muratoğlu, “Reinforcement of Wood Building Components with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) in Restoration,’’ Karabük University, 1219-1240, 2011
CR  - [43] B., Wang, E. V., Bachtiar, L., Yan, B., Kasal and V., Fiore, “Flax, basalt, e-glass FRP and their hybrid FRP strengthened wood beams: an experimental study,’’ Polymers, vol. 11, no.8, 1255, 2019. doi: 10.3390/polym11081255
CR  - [44] S. Kilincarslan and Y. Şimşek Turker, “The effect of strengthening with fıber reinforced polymers on strength propertıes of wood beams,’’ 2nd International Turkish World Engineering and Science Congress, November 7-10, 2019, Turkey
CR  - [45] Z. Ling, W. Liu and J. Shao, “Experimental and theoretical investigation on shear behaviour of small scale timber beams strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites,’’ Composite Structures, 240, 111989, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111989
CR  - [46] M. Uzel, A. Togay, Ö. Anil and C. Söğütlü, “Experimental investigation of flexural behavior of glulam beams reinforced with different bonding surface materials,’’ Construction and Building Materials, 158, pp. 149-163, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.033
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gmbd/issue//1393066
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3546959
ER  -