TY  - JOUR
T1  - Piyasada Satılan Farklı Formlardaki Ganoderma lucidum Preparatlarında Antioksidan Kapasitenin Karşılaştırılması
TT  - Comparison of Antioxidant Capacity in Different Forms of Ganoderma lucidum Preparations Sold in the Market
AU  - Miser Salihoğlu, Ece
AU  - Akkıran, Selin
PY  - 2024
DA  - April
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.30708/mantar.1396795
JF  - Mantar Dergisi
JO  - Değerlendirme süreci
PB  - Selcuk University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-6845
SP  - 16
EP  - 24
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
LA  - tr
AB  - Ganoderma lucidum  (Curtis) P. Karst. (Lingzhi veya Reyşi), Çin, Japonya ve diğer Asya ülkelerinde sağlığı ve uzun ömürlülüğü desteklemek için uzun bir kullanım geçmişine sahiptir. Kültür mantarları arasında, Reyşi, besin değerinden çok farmasötik değerinin önemli olması bakımından benzersizdir. Çay,  diyet takviyeleri ve toz gibi çeşitli formlarda çeşitli ticari Reyşi ürünleri mevcuttur. Bunlar, meyve gövdesi, misel ve sporlar dahil olmak üzere mantarın farklı kısımlarından üretilmektedir. Reyşi'nin sağlık üzerinde yararları arasında kan glukoz seviyesininin kontrolü, bağışıklık sisteminin modülasyonu, hepatoproteksiyon, bakteriyostaz yer almaktadır. Mantarın farklı kısımlarından hazırlanan, basit tip, toz ve kapsül veya tablet şeklinde işlenen çok sayıda ürün şu anda piyasada bulunmaktadır ve ülkemizde de oldukça yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, Türkiye’de satılan farklı markalara ait Reyşi tabletlerinde ve toz formdaki çaylarında antioksidan aktivitenin karşılaştırılması ve incelenmesi DPPH, DMPD ve Folin Ciocalteu yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlara göre sulu mantar ekstrelerinden; N5, N1 ve N2 (259.8696 µg GAE/mL, 220.1594 µg GAE/mL, 185.6667 µg GAE/mL) yüksek, N3 ve N4 (80.01449 µg GAE/mL, 119.2899 µg GAE/mL) örneklerinin düşük fenolik içeriğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Antioksidan temizleme kapasitelerine bakıldığında ise örneklerin fenolik içerikleri ile yüzde temizleme kapasiteleri DMPD/EtOH, DMPD/su ve DPPH/EtOH paralel olarak bulunmuştur. IC50 değerleri DMPD sulu ekstreler için 0,155 mg/ml (N1), 1,704 mg/ml (N2), 7,453 mg/ml (N3), 6,570 mg/ml (N4), 2,223 mg/ml (N5); etanollü ekstreler için 0,138 mg/ml (N1),1,496 mg/ml (N2), 2,796 mg/ml (N3), 4,780 mg/ml (N4), 2,162 mg/ml (N5)’dir. DPPH sonuçlarının yüksek çıkması sebebiyle IC50 değerleri hesaplanamamıştır.
KW  - Ganoderma lucidum
KW  - DPPH
KW  - DMPD
KW  - Folin Ciocalteu
N2  - Ganoderma lucidum is also known as Lingzhi or Reishi, have long been used in China, Japan, and other Asian nations to promote longevity and good health. Reishi is uncommon among farmed mushrooms in that its medicinal rather than nutritional value is critical. Commercial Reishi products come in a number of forms, including powders, nutritional supplements, and tea. These preparations are produced from different parts of the fungus, including the fruit body, spores, and mycelia. Specific applications and health advantages of Reishi include blood sugar regulation, hepatoprotection, immune system modulation, bacteriostasis, and more. A variety of Reishi products made from various portions of the fungus are currently available on the market. The most basic version is comprised of entire cork bodies reduced to powder and then processed into capsules or tablets. In this study, the comparison and examination of antioxidant activity in Reishi tablets and powdered teas of different brands sold in Türkiye was carried out using DPPH, DMPD, and Folin Ciocalteu methods. According to the results we obtained in our study, from aqueous mushroom extracts; It was observed that N5, N1, and N2 (259.8696 µgGAE/mL, 220.1594 µgGAE/mL, 185.6667 µgGAE/mL) samples had high phenolic content, while N3 and N4 (80.01449µgGAE/mL, 119.2899 µgGAE/mL) samples had low phenolic content. Antioxidant scavenging capacities were found in parallel with the phenolic contents of the samples and the percentage scavenging capacities of DMPD/EtOH, DMPD/water, and DPPH/EtOH. IC50 values for DMPD aqueous extracts are 0.155 mg/ml (N1), 1.704 mg/ml (N2), 7.453 mg/ml (N3), 6.570 mg/ml (N4), 2.223 mg/ml (N5); For ethanolic extracts, it is 0.138 mg/ml (N1), 1.496 mg/ml (N2), 2.796 mg/ml (N3), 4.780 mg/ml (N4), 2.162 mg/ml (N5). IC50 values could not be calculated due to high DPPH results.
CR  - Borchers, A.T., Stern, J.S., Hackman, R.M., Keen, C.L., & Gershwin, M.E. (1999) Minireview: Mushrooms, tumors and immunity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. (221);281–93.
CR  - Chang, S. T., & Buswell, J. A. (2008). Safety, quality control and regulational aspects relating to mushroom nutriceuticals. Proc. 6th Intl. Conf. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. pp:188–95. GAMU Gmbh, Krefeld, Germany.
CR  - Chang, S.T., & Buswell, J.A. (1999) Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae): A mushrooming medicinal mushroom. Int J Med Mushrooms, (1) 139–46.
CR  - Ćilardžić, J., Vukojević, J., Stajić, M., Stanojković, T., & Glamočlija, J., (2014) Biological activity of Ganoderma lucidum basidiocarps cultivated on alternative and commercial substrate. J Ethnopharmacol. 155:312–319
CR  - Fan, L.,  Li,J., &  Deng, K., Ai, L.(2012) Effects of drying methods on the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Carbohydr. Polym, (87) 2 1849-1854.
CR  - Fogliano, V., Verde, V., Randazzo, G. & Ritieni, A. (1999). Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring antioxidant capacity of wines. J Agric Food Chem, (47) 1035–1040.  
CR  - Guler, G., Himmetoglu, C., Jimenez, R. E., Geyer, S. M., Wang, W. P., Costinean, S., Pilarski, R. T., Morrison, C., Suren, D., Liu, J., Chen, J., Kamal, J., Shapiro, C. L., & Huebner, K. (2011). Aberrant expression of DNA damage response proteins is associated with breast cancer subtype and clinical features. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 129(2), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-1248-6
CR  - Ghosh, S., Das, S.,Saha, R., & Acharya, K.,(2023). Studies of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity in Ready-to-Drink   Wild Ganoderma Teas: An In Vitro Approach. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 25 (11), 53-63.
CR  - Jin, X., Ruiz Beguerie, J., Sze, D. M., & Chan, G. C. (2012). Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (6)1‒37. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007731.pub2
CR  - Keskinkaya, H. B., Deveci, E., Güneş, E., Okudan, E. Ş., Akköz, C., Gümüş, N.E., & Karakurtv, S. (2022). Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Marine Macroalgae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 94-104.
CR  - Keskinkaya, H. B.; Deveci, E.; Altınok Yılmaz, B., Gümüş, N.E., Aslan Okudan, E.Ş., Akköz, C.& Karakurt, S. (2023) "HPLC-UV analysis of phenolic compounds and biological activities of Padina pavonica and Zanardinia typus marine macroalgae species," Turkish Journal of Botany: Vol. 47: No. 3, Article 6.
CR  - Kim, M.-Y., Seguin, P., & Ahn, J.-K.et al. (2008). Phenolic com-pound  concentration  and  antioxidant  activities  of  edible  andmedicinal mushrooms from Korea.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,56  7265–7270.
CR  - Krishna Kondragunta, V., Karuppuraj, V., & Perumal, K. (2016). Antioxidant activity and Folic acid content in indigenous isolates of Ganoderma lucidum. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(4) 213-215
CR  - Kozarski, M., Klaus, A., Nikšić, M., Vrvić, M.M., Todorović, N., Jakovljević, D., &  Van Griensven, L.J.L.D.(2012). Antioxidative activities and chemical characterization of polysaccharide extracts from the widely used mushrooms Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes and Trametes versicolor. J. Food Compos. Anal. (26);1,2. 144-153.
CR  - Lin, S.C. (2000). China: Chinese Agricultural Press; Medicinal Fungi of China-Production and Products Development, Beijing.
CR  - Maaloul, A., Portillo-Lemus, L., Vitou, M., Rapior, S., Morel, S., & Fons, F.(2023). Antioxidant Potential of Several Polypores Mushrooms from the South of France. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 25(11), 1-10.
CR  - Matthaus, B.(2002). Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained fromresidues of different oilseeds. J Agric Food Chem, (50) 3444-3452.
CR  - Mayzumi, F., Okamoto, H., & Mizuno, T. (1197). Cultivation of Reishi. Food Rev Int, (13) 365–73.
CR  - Nahata, A. (2013). Ganoderma lucidum. A Potent Medicinal Mushroom with Numerous Health Benefits Pharmaceut Anal Acta, 4 (10), 1000e1159.
CR  - Miser Salihoglu, E., Akaydin, G., Caliskan Can, E., & Yardim Akaydin, S. (2013). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of various herbal folk medicines. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 3(5) 1-9.
CR  - Modi, H.A, Shah, P., Shukla, M.D.& Lahiri, S.K.(2014). Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum collected from Dang district of Gujarat, India. NPAIJ, 10(3), 75-82.
CR  - Moncalvo, J.M. (2000) Systematics of Ganoderma. In ‘Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops’. Eds J Flood, PD Bridge, M Holderness, pp: 23–47, Wallingford, UK.
CR  - Sanmanoch, W., Surapat W., Phosri S. & Yaraksa N. (2024). Antioxidant activity and Cytotoxicity against the Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma (HeLa) Cell Line of Crude Ganoderma lucidum mycelial extracts: Antioxidant activity and Cytotoxicity of Crude Ganoderma lucidum mycelial extracts. Creative Science 16(1), 254094.
CR  - Saltarelli, R., Ceccaroli, P., Buffalini, M., Vallorani, L., Casadei, L., Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M., Badalyan, S. &Stocchi, V. (2015). Biochemical characterization and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of different Ganoderma collections. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25(1):16-25.
CR  - Savin, S., Craciunescu, O., Oancea, A., Ilie, D., Ciucan, T., Antohi, L. S., Toma, A., Nicolescu, A., Deleanu, C., & Oancea, F.(2020). Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Preparations Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Mushroom.  C&B, 17, e2000175.
CR  - Sesli, E., Asan, A. ve Selçuk, F. (edlr.) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Berikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H.H., Erdoğdu, M., Ergül, C.C., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Halikî Uztan, A., Kabaktepe, Ş., Kadaifçiler, D., Kalyoncu, F., Karaltı, İ., Kaşık, G., Kaya, A., Keleş, A., Kırbağ, S., Kıvanç, M., Ocak, İ., Ökten, S., Özkale, E., Öztürk, C., Sevindik, M., Şen, B., Şen, İ., Türkekul, İ., Ulukapı, M., Uzun, Ya., Uzun, Yu., & Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. İstanbul: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayınları.
CR  - Singh, S., Harsh, N.S.K., & Gupta, P.K. (2014). A novel method of economical cultivation of medicinally important mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. IJPSR, 5 2033-2037
CR  - Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J.A.(1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. A J Enol and Viticult, (16) 144-158.
CR  - Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventos, R.M.(1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Method Enzymol, 299: 152-178.
CR  - Wachtel-Galor, S., Yuen, J., & Buswell, J.A., et al. (2011). Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi): A Medicinal Mushroom. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. Chapter 9. pp:71–83. Boca Raton, Florida.
CR  - Xiaokang, W., Lyng, J. G., Brunton, N. P., Cody, L., Jacquier, J.-C., Harrison, S. M., & Papoutsis, K. (2020). Monitoring the effect of different microwave extraction parameters on the recovery of polyphenols from shiitake mushrooms: Comparison with hot-water and organic-solvent extractions. Biotechnology Reports, 27, e00504.
CR  - Veljovic, S., Veljovic, M., Nikicevic, N., Despotovic, S., Radulovic, S., Niksic, M., &  Filipovic, L., (2017). Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. J. Food Sci. Technol. 54(5):1312-1320.
CR  - Yegenoglu,H.,  Belma Aslim, B., & Feyza Oke, F. (2011). Comparison of Antioxidant Capacities of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst and Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer by Using Different In Vitro Methods. J. Med. Food, 14 (5), 512-516.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1396795
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3563097
ER  -