TY - JOUR T1 - Hypocalcemia in cancer patients TT - Kanser hastalarında hipokalsemi AU - Akay, Seval AU - Unal, Olcun Umit PY - 2024 DA - July Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.31362/patd.1404919 JF - Pamukkale Medical Journal JO - Pam Tıp Derg PB - Pamukkale University WT - DergiPark SN - 1308-0865 SP - 596 EP - 599 VL - 17 IS - 3 LA - en AB - The primary objective of this review is to provide a concise summary and critical appraisal of the current literature on the differential diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia. Calcium plays a crucial role in muscle function and neurotransmitter release. However, hypocalcemia, defined as serum calcium levels below 8 mg/dL (2.12 mmol/L), can affect various organs and systems and lead to a range of clinical symptoms. This condition can range from being completely asymptomatic to life-threatening situations.Disorders responsible for hypocalcemia can be divided into two groups: those influenced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and those not affected. In non-surgical and PTH-mediated forms, more comprehensive investigation is necessary to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment.In cases of acute hypocalcemia, intravenous calcium infusion is required to rapidly increase calcium levels and correct symptoms. On the other hand, treatment of chronic hypocalcemia generally involves oral calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation.In conclusion, this review specifically emphasizes iatrogenic (treatment-related) hypocalcemia while assessing the causes, dimensions, and management of hypocalcemia in cancer patients. Physicians' familiarity with these conditions is crucial in treatment management. KW - Hypocalcemia KW - hypomagnesemia KW - cancer treatment KW - chemotherapy KW - cisplatin N2 - Bu derlemenin temel amacı, hipokalseminin ayırıcı tanısı ve yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut literatürün kısa bir özetini ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktır. Kalsiyum, kas fonksiyonu ve nörotransmitter salınımında önemli bir rol oynar. Bununla birlikte, 8 mg/dL'nin (2,12 mmol/L) altındaki serum kalsiyum seviyeleri olarak tanımlanan hipokalsemi, çeşitli organ ve sistemleri etkileyebilir ve çeşitli klinik belirtilere yol açabilir. Bu tablo tamamen asemptomatik olabileceği gibi hayatı tehdit eden durumlara da yol açabilir.Hipokalsemiden sorumlu bozukluklar iki gruba ayrılabilir: paratiroid hormonundan (PTH) etkilenenler ve etkilenmeyenler. Cerrahi nedenlerden kaynaklanmayan ve PTH aracılı olmayan formlarda, altta yatan nedeni tanımlamak ve uygun tedaviyi belirlemek için daha kapsamlı bir araştırma gereklidir.Akut hipokalsemi vakalarında, intravenöz kalsiyum infüzyonu kalsiyum seviyelerini hızla artırmak ve semptomları düzeltmek gereklidir. Öte yandan, kronik hipokalsemi tedavisinde oral kalsiyum ve/veya D vitamini takviyesi genellikle yeterlidir.Sonuç olarak, bu derleme kanser hastalarında hipokalseminin nedenlerini, boyutlarını ve yönetimini değerlendirirken tedavi ilişkili (iatrojenik) hipokalsemiye özellikle vurgu yapmaktadır. Hekimlerin bu durumları iyi tanıması tedavi yönetiminde önemlidir. CR - 1. Pepe J, Colangelo L, Biamonte F, et al. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia. Endocrine 2020;69:485-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02324-2 CR - 2. Guise TA, Wysolmerski JJ. Cancer-associated hypercalcemia. NEJM 2022;386:1443-1451. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2113128 CR - 3. Kelly A, Levine MA. Hypocalcemia in the critically ill patient. J Intensive Care Med 2013;28:166-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066611411543 CR - 4. Bove Fenderson E, Mannstadt M. Hypocalcemic disorders. Best Prac Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;32:639-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2018.05.006 CR - 5. Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. 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