@article{article_1412688, title={An Agent Forgotten in the Diagnosis of Calf Diarrhea: Bovine Noroviruses and Molecular Characterization}, journal={Veterinary Sciences and Practices}, volume={18}, pages={102–106}, year={2023}, author={Timurkan, Mehmet Ozkan}, keywords={Calf, diarrhea, genogroup, norovirus, Türkiye}, abstract={The role of viruses in the diarrhea algorithm is very important. In addition, losses due to diarrhea are quite high for calves, and herd control and protection cannot be performed in cases where a rapid etiological diagnosis cannot be made. Group A rotaviruses and coronaviruses, which are the main viral etiological agents of enteric diseases in calves, are frequently detected in these infections. However, the presence/prevalence of other agents in single or mixed infections is still up-to-date and under investigation. Two genetically distinct bovine enteric caliciviruses are known: genogroup III noroviruses (NoVsGIII), which are genetically related to human noroviruses, and neboviruses, which represent a new genus of caliciviruses. In this study, it was aimed to elucidate the role and genotypes of noroviruses (bovine norovirus) in the diarrheal paradigm in calves. In order to determine the presence of norovirus and genogroups, a total of 92 diarrheal stools from calves were included in the study from the collection material in our laboratory. In the study, reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction was performed with specific primer pairs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results were positive in 3 samples (3/92, 3.2%) and were subjected to sequence analysis. According to the results of bioinformatics analysis, noroviruses are divided into 7 main genogroups in light of recent literature. Among these genogroups, bovine noroviruses were included in genogroup III (GIII). There are also subtypes within GIII. Of the 3 strains identified in our study, 2 were grouped in GIII-2a (TR/ERZ/25 and TR/ELZ/23) and 1 strain was grouped in GIII-2b (TR/ERZ/9). Conducting more comprehensive molecular prevalence studies on noroviruses, focusing on the detected genogroups in vaccine studies to be developed and determining their prevalence, the effects on the pathogenesis and clinical picture should be revealed. Determination of genogroup type profiles in the world and in our country and, if vaccines can be developed, elucidating different genogroup types on protection will be beneficial in diarrhea and norovirus dilemmas.}, number={3}, publisher={Ataturk University}