TY  - JOUR
T1  - 6 ŞUBAT 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMI SONRASI AFET YÖNETIMI AÇISINDAN SOSYAL MEDYA HESAPLARININ GÜVENIRLIK ANALIZI VE DEĞERLENDIRILMESI
TT  - RELIABILITY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS IN TERMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT AFTER KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKE, 6 FEBRUARY 2023
AU  - Aşan, Hakan
PY  - 2024
DA  - February
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.54688/ayd.1412907
JF  - Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
JO  - JAA
PB  - Inonu University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2146-1740
SP  - 411
EP  - 429
VL  - 15
IS  - 1 -Deprem Özel Sayısı-
LA  - tr
AB  - Doğal afetler insan müdahalesi olmadan, beklenmeyen bir zamanda gerçekleşen ve yıkıcı sonuçlara sahip olabilen doğa olaylarıdır. Afetlerin doğal olarak kaotik bir süreci vardır ve bu nedenden yönetilmesi oldukça güçtür. Afetzedeler ile doğru iletişim ve hızlı karar verme afet sonucundaki olumsuzlukları azaltabilir. Günümüzde güçlü bir iletişim aracı olarak sıklıkla kullanılan sosyal medya, afet yönetiminde kullanımı son derece önemlidir. Ancak sosyal medya belirli bir kontrol mekanizması olmadan, anonim ortamlardır. Yazılan her paylaşım doğru olmayabilir hatta art niyetli olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada afet sonrası oluşturulan ve depremle ilgili paylaşım yapan hesapların yaptığı paylaşımlar üzerinden bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal medyanın afet yönetiminde kullanımının en büyük engellerinden birisi olan hesap güvenirliğinin üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. 6 Şubat 2023 Büyük Kahramanmaraş depreminden sonra ilk 7 günde 3.146 hesabın oluşturulduğu ve bu hesapların 6.724 tane depremle ilgili paylaşım yaptığı görülmüştür. Bugün yapılan kontrollerde 5 ve üzeri paylaşım yapan hesapların %48’nin platform tarafından askıya alındığı veya kapatıldığı görülmüştür. Hesapların mevcut durumda açık olanlarının ortalama 14 takipçi kazandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca tüm hesapların sırasıyla “Tepki/Dilek”, “Yardım Talebi” ve” Kurtarma Talebi” kategorilerinde paylaşım yaptıkları görülmüştür.
KW  - Doğal Afet
KW  - Sosyal Medya
KW  - Afet Yönetimi
KW  - Deprem
KW  - Hesap Güvenirliği
N2  - Natural disasters are unpredictable natural events without human intervention and can have devastating consequences. Disasters inherently have a chaotic process, making their management quite challenging. Effective communication with disaster victims and quick decision-making can help mitigate the negative outcomes of disasters. In today's world, social media, which is a powerful communication tool, is crucial in disaster management. However, social media platforms are inherently anonymous environments without specific control mechanisms. Every post written may not be accurate and, in some cases, may even be malicious. In this study, an analysis is conducted based on the posts made by accounts created after a disaster, specifically related to an earthquake. An evaluation is made on the reliability of accounts, a significant challenge in the use of social media in disaster management. It was observed that within the first 7 days after the Great Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, 3,146 accounts were created, and these accounts made 6,724 earthquake-related posts. It was noted that 48% of accounts making 5 or more posts were suspended or closed by the platform. It has been observed that the accounts that are currently open have gained an average of 14 followers. Additionally, all accounts were found to have made posts in the categories of "Reaction/Condolence," "Request for Aid," and "Request for Rescue”.
CR  - Abedin, B., Babar A. & Abbasi, A. (2014). Characterization of the use of social media in natural disasters: a systematic review. IEEE Fourth International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2014, pp. 449-454, doi: 10.1109/BDCloud.2014.17.
CR  - Ahmed, A. & Sukunesan, S. (2013). The role of social media during queensland floods: an empirical investigation on the existence of multiple communities of practice (MCoPs). Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.05201
CR  - Argın, Y. (2023). Doğal afetlerde sosyal medya kullanimi: 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremi özelinde Twitter örneği. İnsanat Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1),140-165. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/insanat/issue/78781/1314509
CR  - Ata, F. (2023). Afet haberciliği: Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler sürecinde sosyal medyaya yönelik bir değerlendirme. TRT Akademi, 8(18), 606-629.
CR  - Bui, L. (2019). Social media, rumors, and hurricane warning systems in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.321
CR  - Collier, A. (2018). 10 ways social media marketing can help grow your business. Constant Contact. https://blogs.constantcontact.com/why-social-media-marketing/. Web Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2023
CR  - Cresci, S., Pietro, R., Petrocchi, M., Spognardi, A. & Tesconi, M. (2015). Fame for sale: efficient detection of fake twitter followers. Decision Support Systems, 80, 56-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.09.003
CR  - Das, R. & Karmakar, G. (2021). How much I can rely on you: measuring trustworthiness of a twitter user. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 18(2), 949-966. https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2929782
CR  - Dwarakanath, L., Kamsin, A., Rasheed, R., Anandhan, A., & Shuib, L. (2021). Automated machine learning approaches for emergency response and coordination via social media in the aftermath of a disaster: a review. IEEE Access, 9, 68917-68931. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074819
CR  - Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire‐Thompson, B., & Lazer, D. (2019). Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science, 363(6425), 374-378. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2706
CR  - Harris, J., Moreland-Russell, S., Tabak, R., Ruhr, L., & Maier, R. (2014). Communication about childhood obesity on twitter. American Journal of Public Health, 104(7), e62-e69. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301860
CR  - Hong, H. & Oh, H. (2020). Utilizing bots for sustainable news business: understanding users’ perspectives of news bots in the age of social media. Sustainability, 12(16), 6515. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166515
CR  - Houston, J., Schraedley, M., Worley, M., Reed, K., & Saidi, J. (2019). Disaster journalism: fostering citizen and community disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and resilience across the disaster cycle. Disasters, 43(3), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12352
CR  - İri, R. (2023). 2023 Türkiye deprem sürecinde yaşanan ve gelişen olaylarda sosyal medya kullaniminin önemi: Niğde ve yöresi sosyal medya kullanicilarina yönelik bir araştirma. Uşak Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 44-66.
CR  - Jaeger, P., Schneiderman, B., Fleischmann, K., Preece, J., Qu, Y., & Wu, P. F. (2007). Community response grids: e-government, social networks, and effective emergency management. Telecommunications Policy., 31(10–11), 592–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2007.07.008
CR  - Jayasekara, P. (2019). Afet iletişim medyası olarak Facebook’un rolü. Uluslararası Acil Servisler Dergisi, 8(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-04-2018-0024
CR  - Jayasekara, R., Jayathilaka, G., Siriwardana, C., Amaratunga, R., Haigh, R., Bandara, C., … & Dissanayake, R. (2021). Identifying gaps in early warning mechanisms and evacuation procedures for tsunamis in Sri Lanka, with a special focus on the use of social media. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 14(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-02-2021-0012
CR  - Karduni, A., Wesslen, R., Santhanam, S., Cho, I., Volkova, S., Arendt, D., … & Dou, W. (2018). Can you verify this? Studying uncertainty and decision-making about misinformation using visual analytics. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v12i1.15014
CR  - Kusumo, A., Reckien, D. & Verplanke, J. (2018). Volunteered geographic information (VGI) for the spatial planning of flood evacuation shelters in Jakarta, GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management. 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315146638-18
CR  - Larsson, A. and Moe, H. (2011). Studying political microblogging: Twitter users in the 2010 Swedish election campaign. New Media & Society, 14(5), 729-747. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811422894
CR  - Lerman, K., & Ghosh, R. (2010). Information contagion: an empirical study of the spread of news on digg and Twitter social networks. Proceedings of the Fourth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, (pp. 90–97).
CR  - Lestari, P., Paripurno, E., Subekti, H., Barus, C., & Isyana, E. (2021). Dissemination of Disaster Communication and Information Via Instagram @bpbdkaro. RSF Conference Series Business Management and Social Sciences, 1(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v1i4.364
CR  - Li, J. & Su, M. (2020). Real talk about fake news: identity language and disconnected networks of the us public’s “fake news” discourse on Twitter. Social Media + Society, 6(2), 205630512091684. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120916841
CR  - Lin, X., Spence, P., & Lachlan, K. (2016). Social media and credibility indicators: The effect of influence cues. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.002
CR  - Mavi, E. E. (2020). Afet kriz yönetiminde medya: 30 Ekim 2020 İzmir Depremi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 31-53.
CR  - McCallum, I., Liu, W., See, L., Mechler, R., Keating, A., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., … & Moorthy, I. (2016). Technologies to support community flood disaster risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 7(2), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-016-0086-5
CR  - Mehta, A., Bruns, A., & Newton, J. (2016). Trust, but verify: social media models for disaster management. Disasters, 41(3), 549-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12218
CR  - Mirbabaie, M., Ehnis, C., Stieglitz, S., Bunker, D., & Rose, T. (2020). Digital nudging in social media disaster communication. Information Systems Frontiers, 23(5), 1097-1113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10062-z
CR  - Murić, G., Wu, Y., & Ferrara, E. (2021). Covid-19 Vaccine hesitancy on social media: building a public twitter data set of antivaccine content, vaccine misinformation, and conspiracies. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(11), e30642. https://doi.org/10.2196/30642
CR  - Nazir, U., Süleyman, N. & Abid, S. (2021). Güneydoğu Asya'da dijital insani yardım ağının (DHN) yükselişi: afet riskinin azaltılmasında kriz haritalaması için sosyal medya içgörüleri (DRR). Uluslararası Emniyet ve Güvenlik Mühendisliği Dergisi, 11(5), 573-583. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110509
CR  - Pérez-Lugo, M. (2004). Afet durumlarında medya kullanımı: etki aşamasına yeni bir odaklanma. Sosyolojik Araştırma, 74(2), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.2004.00087.x
CR  - Pfefferbaum, B., Horn, R., & Pfefferbaum, R. (2015). A conceptual framework to enhance community resilience using social capital. Clinical Social Work Journal, 45(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-015-0556-z
CR  - Pierri, F., DeVerna, M., Yang, K., Axelrod, D., Bryden, J., & Menczer, F. (2023). One year of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on Twitter: longitudinal study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e42227. https://doi.org/10.2196/42227
CR  - Ramakrishnan, T., Ngamassi, L., & Rahman, S. (2022). Examining the factors that influence the use of social media for disaster management by underserved communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 13(1), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-022-00399-1
CR  - Sawaneh, I. (2020). The effects of social media on public emergency response mechanisms in Sierra Leone. Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.34256/ajir20232
CR  - Sharma, K. (2018). Reliability index for Twitter – Twitter handles’ credibility assessment. Helix, 8(5), 4094-4099. https://doi.org/10.29042/2018-4094-4099
CR  - Simon, T., Goldberg, A., & Adini, B. (2015). Socializing in emergencies—a review of the use of social media in emergency situations. International Journal of Information Management, 35(5), 609-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.07.001
CR  - Sutopo, D. (2022). Disaster in sociological perspective. Journal Education and Development, 11(1), 60-66. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v11i1.4190
CR  - Takahashi, B., Tandoc Jr, E. C., & Carmichael, C. (2015). Communicating on Twitter during a disaster: An analysis of tweets during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 392-398.
CR  - Tomaszewski, B., Judex, M., Szarzynski, J., Radestock, C., & Wirkus, L. (2015). Geographic information systems for disaster response: a review. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2014-0082
CR  - Ünal, C. & Sezer, C. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinin ardindan sağlik bakanliğina yöneltilen tweetler: Türkiye'deki deprem felaketine yönelik bir içerik analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 782-793.
CR  - Usta, E. & Yükseler, M. (2021). Afetlerde sosyal medya kullanimi ve etik ikilemler: İzmir Seferihisar Depremi Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 249-269.
CR  - Wang, H., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Application of GIS in disaster management: a case study of the 2021 Australian flood. In International Conference on Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Technology (GIRST 2022) (Vol. 12552, pp. 30-35). SPIE.
CR  - We Are Social, (2023). The Global State of Digital in July 2023, https://wearesocial.com/de/blog/2023/07/the-global-state-of-digital-in-july-2023/. Web Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2023
CR  - Wilson, J. K. (2011). Responding to natural disasters with social media: a case study of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Simon Fraser University Theses.
CR  - Zhu, H. & Liu, K. (2021). Temporal, spatial, and socioeconomic dynamics in social media thematic emphases during typhoon Mangkhut. Sustainability, 13(13), 7435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137435
UR  - https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1412907
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3632374
ER  -