TY - JOUR T1 - Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Çığır Açan Uygulamalar: İnsan Dijital İkizi ile Geleceğe Yolculuk TT - Groundbreaking Applications in Healthcare: Journey to the Future with the Human Digital Twin AU - Özsezer, Gözde AU - Mermer, Gülengül PY - 2024 DA - December Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.46413/boneyusbad.1440963 JF - Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi PB - Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2687-2145 SP - 648 EP - 665 VL - 6 IS - 3 LA - tr AB - Dijital ikiz, “yaşam döngüsü boyunca bir ürün veya sistemin sanal bir kopyası” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sağlık paradigmasının dijital ikizi etkileşimlidir ve insanların anlaması için basittir. Bireyler, kendilerini daha sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmeye motive eden dijital ikize sahip olabilmektedir. Sağlık verilerini değerlendirmek için dijital ikiz kullanmak, şeffaflığı artırmakta ve tedavi boyunca güven oluşturmaktadır. Dijital ikiz ile araştırmacılar gerçek zamanlı verilere, simülasyon sonuçlarına ve çözümlere erişebilmekte ve yüzlerce operasyonel görevi uzun mesafeden verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Sağlık hizmetlerinde çeşitli dijital ikiz teknolojileri kullanılmaktadır. Hastanın sağlığı, tedavisi ve bakımı ile ilgili hizmet maliyetlerinde azalma, kalitatif hizmetler, toplumsal aksaklıklarla ilgili konular vb. açısından hizmetlerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu hizmetler, hızlı iyileşme sağlamak için tedavi boyunca hastanın bakımındaki iyileşmeyi daha iyi yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “sağlık hizmetlerinde insanlar için dijital ikiz kullanılabilir mi? sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın amacı literatür ışığında dijital ikiz, insan dijital ikizi kavramının model ve özelliklerini vurgulamak, sağlık hizmetlerindeki geleceğe yön veren son araştırmaları sunmaktır. KW - Dijital ikiz KW - Sağlık KW - Dijital teknolojiler KW - Yapay zeka N2 - A digital twin is defined as "a virtual copy of a product or system throughout its life cycle." The digital twin of the health paradigm is interactive and simple for people to understand. Individuals can have a digital twin that motivates them to live a healthier life. Using a digital twin to evaluate health data increases transparency and builds trust throughout treatment. With a digital twin, researchers have access to real-time data, simulation results, and solutions and can efficiently perform hundreds of operational tasks over long distances. Various digital twin technologies are used in healthcare. It is used in services in terms of reduction in service costs related to patient health, treatment, and care, qualitative services, issues related to social disruptions, etc. These services better reflect the improvement in the patient's care throughout the treatment to ensure rapid recovery. In this study, an answer to the question "Can digital twins be used for people in health services?" is sought. In addition, the aim of this study is to highlight the models and features of the concept of the digital twin, the human digital twin, in light of the literature and to present the latest research that shapes the future of health services. CR - Alam, K. M., El Saddik, A. (2017). C2PS: A digital twin architecture reference model for the cloud-based cyber-physical systems. IEEE Access, 5, 2050-2062. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2657006 CR - Aluvalu, R., Mudrakola, S., Kaladevi, A. C., Sandhya, M. V. S., Bhat, C. R. (2023). The novel emergency hospital services for patients using digital twins. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 98, 104794. CR - Ashima, R., Haleem, A., Bahl, S., Javaid, M., Mahla, S. K., Singh, S. (2021). Automation and manufacturing of smart materials in Additive Manufacturing technologies using Internet of Things towards the adoption of Industry 4.0. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 5081-5088. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.583 CR - Bagaria, N., Laamarti, F., Badawi, H. F., Albraikan, A., Martinez Velazquez, R. A., El Saddik, A. (2020). Health 4.0: Digital twins for health and well-being. Connected Health in Smart Cities, 143-152. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27844-1_7 CR - Barricelli, B. R., Casiraghi, E., Gliozzo, J., Petrini, A., Valtolina, S. (2020). Human digital twin for fitness management. IEEE Access, 8, 26637-26664. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2971576 CR - Bomström, H., Annanperä, E., Kelanti, M., Xu, Y., Mäkelä, S. M., Immonen, M., ... Päivärinta, T. (2022). Digital twins about humans—design objectives from three projects. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 22(5), 050907. Doi: 10.1115/1.4054270 CR - Bordukova, M., Makarov, N., Rodriguez-Esteban, R., Schmich, F., Menden, M. P. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence empowers digital twins in drug discovery and clinical trials. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 19(1), 33-42. doi: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2273839 CR - Botín-Sanabria, D. M., Mihaita, A. S., Peimbert-García, R. E., Ramírez-Moreno, M. A., Ramírez-Mendoza, R. A., Lozoya-Santos, J. D. J. (2022). Digital twin technology challenges and applications: A comprehensive review. Remote Sensing, 14(6), 1335. doi: 10.3390/rs14061335 CR - Braun, M. (2021). Represent me: please! Towards an ethics of digital twins in medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(6), 394-400. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106134 CR - Braun, M., Krutzinna, J. (2022). Digital twins and the ethics of health decision-making concerning children. Patterns, 3(4). doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100469 CR - Chakshu, N. K., Carson, J., Sazonov, I., Nithiarasu, P. (2019). A semi‐active human digital twin model for detecting severity of carotid stenoses from head vibration—A coupled computational mechanics and computer vision method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 35(5), e3180. doi: 10.1002/cnm.3180 CR - Chen, D., Wang, D., Zhu, Y., Han, Z. (2021). Digital twin for federated analytics using a Bayesian approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(22), 16301-16312. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3098692 CR - Chen, Y., Wang, W., Diao, J., Wang, D., Jian, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, Z. (2023). Digital-Twin-Based Patient Evaluation during Stroke Rehabilitation. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 14th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (with CPS-IoT Week 2023) (pp. 22-33). doi: 10.1145/3576841.358592 CR - Corral-Acero, J., Margara, F., Marciniak, M., Rodero, C., Loncaric, F., Feng, Y., ... Lamata, P. (2020). The ‘Digital Twin’to enable the vision of precision cardiology. European Heart Journal, 41(48), 4556-4564. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa159 CR - Cunbo, Z., Jianhua, L., Hui, X., Xiaoyu, D., Shaoli, L., Gang, W. (2017). Connotation, architecture and trends of product digital twin. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 23(4), 753-768. doi: 0.13196/j.cims.2017.04.010 CR - Dai, Y., Wang, J., Gao, S. (2022). Advanced electronics and artificial intelligence: must‐have technologies toward human body digital twins. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 4(7), 2100263. doi: 10.1002/aisy.202100263 CR - Drummond, D., Coulet, A. (2022). Technical, ethical, legal, and societal challenges with digital twin systems for the management of chronic diseases in children and young people. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(10), e39698. doi: 10.2196/39698 CR - El Saddik, A., Badawi, H., Velazquez, R. A. M., Laamarti, F., Diaz, R. G., Bagaria, N., Arteaga-Falconi, J. S. (2019a). Dtwins: A digital twins ecosystem for health and well-being. IEEE COMSOC MMTC Commun. Front, 14(2), 39-43. CR - El Saddik, A., Hossain, M. S., Kantarci, B. (Eds.). (2019b). Connected health in smart cities. Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27844-1 CR - Elayan, H., Aloqaily, M., Guizani, M. (2021). Digital twin for intelligent context-aware IoT healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(23), 16749-16757. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3051158 CR - Erol, T., Mendi, A. F., Doğan, D. (2020). The digital twin revolution in healthcare. In 2020 4th international symposium on multidisciplinary studies and innovative technologies (ISMSIT) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/ISMSIT50672.2020.9255249 CR - Falkowski, P., Osiak, T., Wilk, J., Prokopiuk, N., Leczkowski, B., Pilat, Z., Rzymkowski, C. (2023). Study on the applicability of digital twins for home remote motor rehabilitation. Sensors, 23(2), 911. doi: 10.3390/s23020911 CR - Fang, C., Zhang, P., Qi, X. (2019). Digital and intelligent liver surgery in the new era: Prospects and dilemmas. EBioMedicine, 41, 693-701. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.017 CR - Ferdousi, R., Laamarti, F., Hossain, M. A., Yang, C., El Saddik, A. (2022). Digital twins for well-being: an overview. Digital Twin, 1, 7. doi: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17475.2) CR - Fuller, A., Fan, Z., Day, C., Barlow, C. (2020). Digital twin: Enabling technologies, challenges and open research. IEEE Access, 8, 108952-108971. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998358 CR - Galli, G., Patrone, C., Bellam, A. C., Annapareddy, N. R., Revetria, R. (2019). Improving process using digital twin: a methodology for the automatic creation of models. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science. CR - Gao, C., Park, H., Easwaran, A. (2021, May). An anomaly detection framework for digital twin driven cyber-physical systems. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 12th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (pp. 44-54). doi: 10.1145/3450267.3450533 CR - Grieves, M. (2006). Product lifecycle management: driving the next generation of lean thinking. McGraw Hill, New York, N. Y., USA. CR - Grieves, M. W. (2005). Product lifecycle management: the new paradigm for enterprises. International Journal of Product Development, 2(1-2), 71-84. doi: 10.1504/IJPD.2005.006669 CR - Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., Suman, R. (2022). Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 2, 12-30. doi: 10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001 CR - Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., Suman, R. (2023). Exploring the revolution in healthcare systems through the applications of digital twin technology. Biomedical Technology, 4, 28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.bmt.2023.02.001 CR - Hamzaoui, M. A., Julien, N. (2022). Social Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twins Networks: A perspective about the future digital twin ecosystems. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 55(8), 31-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.08.006 CR - Han, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Yang, B., Cao, L. (2023). Digital twinning for smart hospital operations: Framework and proof of concept. Technology in Society, 74, 102317. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102317 CR - Hassani, H., Huang, X., MacFeely, S. (2022). Impactful digital twin in the healthcare revolution. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 6(3), 83. doi: 10.3390/bdcc6030083 CR - Helbing, D., Sánchez-Vaquerizo, J. A. (2023). Digital twins: potentials, ethical issues and limitations. In Handbook on the politics and governance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (pp. 64-104). Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9781800887374.00013 CR - Huang, P. H., Kim, K. H., Schermer, M. (2022). Ethical issues of digital twins for personalized health care service: preliminary mapping study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e33081. doi: 10.2196/33081 CR - Iqbal, J. D., Krauthammer, M., Biller-Andorno, N. (2022). The use and ethics of digital twins in medicine. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 50(3), 583-596. doi: 10.1017/jme.2022.97 CR - James, L. (2021). Digital twins will revolutionise healthcare: Digital twin technology has the potential to transform healthcare in a variety of ways–improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients, streamlining preventative care and facilitating new approaches for hospital planning. Engineering & Technology, 16(2), 50-53. doi: 10.1049/et.2021.0210 CR - Jiang, J., Li, Q., Yang, F. (2022). [Retracted] TCM Physical Health Management Training and Nursing Effect Evaluation Based on Digital Twin. Scientific Programming, 2022(1), 3907481. doi: 10.1155/2022/3907481 CR - Karakra, A., Fontanili, F., Lamine, E., & Lamothe, J. (2019). HospiT'Win: a predictive simulation-based digital twin for patients pathways in hospital. In 2019 IEEE EMBS international conference on biomedical & health informatics (BHI) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/BHI.2019.8834534 CR - Karakra, A., Fontanili, F., Lamine, E., Lamothe, J., Taweel, A. (2018). Pervasive computing integrated discrete event simulation for a hospital digital twin. In 2018 IEEE/ACS 15th international conference on computer systems and Applications (AICCSA) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. CR - Karakra, A., Lamine, E., Fontanili, F., Lamothe, J. (2020). HospiT’Win: a digital twin framework for patients’ pathways real-time monitoring and hospital organizational resilience capacity enhancement. In 9th International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Health Care, IWISH (Vol. 20202020, pp. 62-71). doi: 10.1109/AICCSA.2018.8612796 CR - Kaul, R., Ossai, C., Forkan, A. R. M., Jayaraman, P. P., Zelcer, J., Vaughan, S., Wickramasinghe, N. (2023). The role of AI for developing digital twins in healthcare: The case of cancer care. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 13(1), e1480. doi: 10.1002/widm.1480 CR - Kaur, M. J., Mishra, V. P., Maheshwari, P. (2020). The convergence of digital twin, IoT, and machine learning: transforming data into action. Digital twin technologies and smart cities, 3-17. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-18732-3_1 CR - Khan, S., Arslan, T., Ratnarajah, T. (2022). Digital twin perspective of fourth industrial and healthcare revolution. IEEE Access, 10, 25732-25754. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3156062 CR - Kolekar, S. S., Yeom, S., Choi, C., Kim, K. (2021). Web based Microservice Framework for Survival Analysis of Lung Cancer Patient using Digital Twin. In Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference (pp. 537-540). Korea Information Processing Society. doi: 10.3745/PKIPS.y2021m11a.537 CR - Kuo, Y. H., Pilati, F., Qu, T., Huang, G. Q. (2021). Digital twin-enabled smart industrial systems: Recent developments and future perspectives. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 34(7-8), 685-689. doi: 10.1080/0951192X.2021.1959710 CR - Lektauers, A., Pecerska, J., Bolsakovs, V., Romanovs, A., Grabis, J., Teilans, A. (2021). A multi-model approach for simulation-based digital twin in resilient services. WSEAS Trans. Syst. Control, 16, 133-145. doi: 10.37394/23203.2021.16.10 CR - Leser, P. E., Warner, J. E., Leser, W. P., Bomarito, G. F., Newman, J. A., Hochhalter, J. D. (2020). A digital twin feasibility study (Part II): Non-deterministic predictions of fatigue life using in-situ diagnostics and prognostics. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 229, 106903. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.106903 CR - Liu, Y. K., Ong, S. K., Nee, A. Y. C. (2022). State-of-the-art survey on digital twin implementations. Advances in Manufacturing, 10(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1007/s40436-021-00375-w CR - Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Zhou, L., Ren, L., Wang, F., ... & Deen, M. J. (2019). A novel cloud-based framework for the elderly healthcare services using digital twin. IEEE Access, 7, 49088-49101. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909828 CR - Lutze, R. (2020). Digital twin based software design in eHealth-a new development approach for health/medical software products. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/ICE/ITMC49519.2020.9198546 CR - Madubuike, O. C., Anumba, C. J. (2021). Digital twin application in healthcare facilities management. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2021 (pp. 366-373). CR - Martinez-Velazquez, R., Gamez, R., El Saddik, A. (2019). Cardio Twin: A Digital Twin of the human heart running on the edge. In 2019 IEEE international symposium on medical measurements and applications (MeMeA) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MeMeA.2019.8802162 CR - Mazumder, O., Roy, D., Bhattacharya, S., Sinha, A., Pal, A. (2019, July). Synthetic ppg generation from haemodynamic model with baroreflex autoregulation: a digital twin of cardiovascular system. In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 5024-5029). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856691 CR - Miller, M. E., Spatz, E. (2022). A unified view of a human digital twin. Human-Intelligent Systems Integration, 4(1), 23-33. doi: 10.1007/s42454-022-00041-x CR - Mosquera-Lopez, C., & Jacobs, P. G. (2024). Digital twins and artificial intelligence in metabolic disease research. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 35(6), 549-557. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.019 CR - Nebeker, C., Bartlett Ellis, R. J., Torous, J. (2020). Development of a decision-making checklist tool to support technology selection in digital health research. Translational behavioral medicine, 10(4), 1004-1015. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibz074 CR - Nebeker, C., Torous, J., Bartlett Ellis, R. J. (2019). Building the case for actionable ethics in digital health research supported by artificial intelligence. BMC medicine, 17(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1377-7 CR - Newrzella, S. R., Franklin, D. W., Haider, S. (2021). 5-dimension cross-industry digital twin applications model and analysis of digital twin classification terms and models. IEEE Access, 9, 131306-131321. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3115055 CR - Ofosu, R., Hosseinian-Far, A., Sarwar, D. (2022). Digital twin technologies, architecture, and applications: a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Blockchain and Other Emerging Technologies for Digital Business Strategies, 105-142. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-98225-6_5 CR - Ogunseiju, O. R., Olayiwola, J., Akanmu, A. A., Nnaji, C. (2021). Digital twin-driven framework for improving self-management of ergonomic risks. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 10(3), 403-419. doi: 10.1108/SASBE-03-2021-0035 CR - Palanica, A., Docktor, M. J., Lee, A., Fossat, Y. (2019). Using mobile virtual reality to enhance medical comprehension and satisfaction in patients and their families. Perspectives on medical education, 8(2), 123-127. doi: 10.1007/s40037-019-0504-7 CR - Patrone, C., Galli, G., Revetria, R. (2019). A state of the art of digital twin and simulation supported by data mining in the healthcare sector. Advancing Technology Industrialization Through Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques, 605-615. doi: 10.3233/FAIA190084 CR - Popa, E. O., van Hilten, M., Oosterkamp, E., Bogaardt, M. J. (2021). The use of digital twins in healthcare: socio-ethical benefits and socio-ethical risks. Life sciences, society and policy, 17, 1-25. doi: 10.1186/s40504-021-00113-x CR - Qureshi, B. (2014). Towards a digital ecosystem for predictive healthcare analytics. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems (pp. 34-41). doi: 10.1145/2668260.2668286 CR - Răileanu, S., Borangiu, T., Ivănescu, N., Morariu, O., Anton, F. (2020). Integrating the digital twin of a shop floor conveyor in the manufacturing control system. In Service Oriented, Holonic and Multi-agent Manufacturing Systems for Industry of the Future: Proceedings of SOHOMA 2019 9 (pp. 134-145). Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27477-1_10 CR - Rosen, R., Von Wichert, G., Lo, G., Bettenhausen, K. D. (2015). About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing. IFAC-PapersOnline, 48(3), 567-572. CR - Saariluoma, P., Cañas, J., & Karvonen, A. (2021). Human digital twins and cognitive mimetic. In Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications III: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET 2020), August 27-29, 2020, Paris, France (pp. 97-102). Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-55307-4_15 CR - Sahal, R., Alsamhi, S. H., Brown, K. N. (2022). Personal digital twin: a close look into the present and a step towards the future of personalised healthcare industry. Sensors, 22(15), 5918. doi: 10.3390/s22155918 CR - She, M., Xiao, M., Zhao, Y. (2023). Technological implication of the digital twin approach on the intelligent education system. International journal of humanoid robotics, 20(02n03), 2250005. doi: 10.1142/S0219843622500050 CR - Shengli, W. (2021). Is human digital twin possible?. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 1, 100014. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100014 CR - Shi, Y., Deng, X., Tong, Y., Li, R., Zhang, Y., Ren, L., Si, W. (2022). Synergistic digital twin and holographic augmented-reality-guided percutaneous puncture of respiratory liver tumor. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 52(6), 1364-1374. doi: 10.1109/THMS.2022.3185089 CR - Shu, H., Liang, R., Li, Z., Goodridge, A., Zhang, X., Ding, H., ... Unberath, M. (2023). Twin-S: a digital twin for skull base surgery. International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, 18(6), 1077-1084. CR - Son, S., Kwon, D., Lee, J., Yu, S., Jho, N. S., Park, Y. (2022). On the design of a privacy-preserving communication scheme for cloud-based digital twin environments using blockchain. IEEE Access, 10, 75365-75375. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3191414 CR - Song, Y., Li, Y. (2022). Digital twin aided healthcare facility management: a case study of shanghai tongji hospital. In Construction Research Congress 2022 (pp. 1145-1155). CR - Sun, T., He, X., Li, Z. (2023). Digital twin in healthcare: Recent updates and challenges. Digital Health, 9, 20552076221149651. doi: 10.1177/20552076221149651 CR - Susila, N., Sruthi, A., Usha, S. (2020). Impact of cloud security in digital twin. In Advances in Computers (Vol. 117, No. 1, pp. 247-263). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/bs.adcom.2019.09.005 CR - Tang, C., Yi, W., Occhipinti, E., Dai, Y., Gao, S., Occhipinti, L. G. (2024). A roadmap for the development of human body digital twins. Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, 1(3), 199-207. doi: 10.1038/s44287-024-00025-w CR - Tao, F., Liu, W., Zhang, M., Hu, T. L., Qi, Q., Zhang, H., ... Huang, Z. (2019). Five-dimension digital twin model and its ten applications. Computer integrated manufacturing systems, 25(1), 1-18. doi: 10.13196/j.cims.2019.01.001 U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2023). Science & Tech Spotlight: Digital Twins—Virtual Models of People and Objects. https://csiac.org/articles/digital-twins-virtual-models-of-people-and-objects/ CR - Vildjiounaite, E., Kallio, J., Kantorovitch, J., Kinnula, A., Ferreira, S., Rodrigues, M. A., Rocha, N. (2023, July). Challenges of learning human digital twin: Case study of mental wellbeing: Using sensor data and machine learning to create HDT. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (pp. 574-583). doi: 10.1145/3594806.3596538 CR - Wang, B., Zhou, H., Li, X., Yang, G., Zheng, P., Song, C., ... Wang, L. (2024). Human Digital Twin in the context of Industry 5.0. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 85, 102626. doi: 10.1016/j.rcim.2023.102626 CR - Warke, V., Kumar, S., Bongale, A., Kotecha, K. (2021). Sustainable development of smart manufacturing driven by the digital twin framework: A statistical analysis. Sustainability, 13(18), 10139. doi: 10.3390/su131810139 CR - Wongvibulsin, S., Martin, S. S., Steinhubl, S. R., Muse, E. D. (2019). Connected health technology for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine, 21, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11936-019-0729-0 CR - Wu, Y., Zhang, K., Zhang, Y. (2021). Digital twin networks: A survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(18), 13789-13804. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3079510 CR - Yakovchenko, V., Hogan, T. P., Houston, T. K., Richardson, L., Lipschitz, J., Petrakis, B. A., ... McInnes, D. K. (2019). Automated text messaging with patients in Department of Veterans Affairs Specialty Clinics: cluster randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(8), e14750. doi: 10.2196/14750 CR - Zhang, J., Li, L., Lin, G., Fang, D., Tai, Y., Huang, J. (2020). Cyber resilience in healthcare digital twin on lung cancer. IEEE Access, 8, 201900-201913. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3034324 CR - Zhang, Z., Wen, F., Sun, Z., Guo, X., He, T., Lee, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence‐enabled sensing technologies in the 5G/internet of things era: from virtual reality/augmented reality to the digital twin. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 4(7), 2100228. doi: 10.1002/aisy.202100228 CR - Zheng, Y., Lu, R., Guan, Y., Zhang, S., Shao, J. (2021, June). Towards private similarity query based healthcare monitoring over digital twin cloud platform. In 2021 IEEE/ACM 29th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQOS) (pp. 1-10). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/IWQOS52092.2021.9521351 CR - Zhong, X., Babaie Sarijaloo, F., Prakash, A., Park, J., Huang, C., Barwise, A., ... Dong, Y. (2022). A multidisciplinary approach to the development of digital twin models of critical care delivery in intensive care units. International Journal of Production Research, 60(13), 4197-4213. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2021.2022235 UR - https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1440963 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3745344 ER -