TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of Heavy Metals in Sea Sediments from the Izmir Karaburun Region TT - İzmir Karaburun Bölgesinden Alınan Deniz Sedimentlerinin Ağır Metal Analizi AU - Kam, Erol AU - Çakar, Merve AU - Yümün, Zeki Ünal PY - 2022 DA - March DO - 10.55205/joctensa.11202238 JF - Cihannüma Teknoloji Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Akademi Dergisi JO - JOCTENSA PB - Cihannüma Dayanışma ve İşbirliği Derneği WT - DergiPark SN - 2822-2342 SP - 87 EP - 100 VL - 1 IS - 1 LA - en AB - The present study aimed to determine heavy metal pollution in the Izmir Karaburun region of Turkey by analyzing the marine sediments within the Izmir Karaburun peninsula. Sediment samples were taken using a drilling method from six different regions on the peninsula and analyzed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The percentage of the elements in the samples that matched the standard elements described in the device were determined. The results showed that potassium (K) with a 97% matching percentage and iron (Fe) with a 94% matching percentage was intensive in six different regions. In the first, fourth, and sixth regions, silver (Ag), which is a frequent heavy metal, was found at a high incidence of 50% as regards that in other regions. The results of these analyses were parallel to each other in six different regions in the Izmir Karaburun peninsula, and amount of possibly toxic heavy metals were found. When the LIBS conclusions were compared with the conclusion found in the literature, the existence of some elements, such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), which are known to be toxic elements and a danger to human health, were found in only trace amount; as a consequence, we supposed that there is no heavy metal pollution that could pose a hazard to human health and marine ecosystems within that region. KW - Heavy metal KW - LIBS KW - marine sediments KW - Karaburun N2 - Bu çalışmada İzmir Karaburun bölgesindeki deniz sedimentleri analiz edilerek bölgedeki ağır metal kirliliğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sediment örnekleri sondaj yöntemi kullanılarak altı farklı bölgeden alınmış ve lazer indüklenmiş plazma spektroskopi (LIBS) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Cihazda önceden kalibre edilmiş tanımlı elementler ile analiz sonucunda tespit edilen element yüzdeleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma sonucunda %97 eşleşme oranıyla potasyum (K) elementi ve %97 eşleşme oranıyla demir (Fe) elementinin altı farklı bölgede de yoğun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu elementlerin yanı sıra birinci, dördüncü ve altıncı bölgelerde, yaygın ağır metaller olarak karşımıza çıkan gümüş (Ag) elementi diğer bölgelere göre %50 gibi yüksek bir oranda tespit edilmiştir. Altı farklı bölgede de tespit edilen elementler birbiriyle benzerlik göstermiş olup, her bölgede bu ağır metallere eser miktarlarda rastlanmıştır. Yapılan LIBS analizi sonucunda tespit edilen veriler literatür ile karşılaştırıldığında, toksik element oldukları bilinen ve insan sağlığı açısından tehlikeli olarak adlandırılan civa(Hg), kurşun(Pb) ve arsenik(As) gibi ağır metallerin tespit edilmediği yada eser miktarlarda tespit edildiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre bölgede insan sağlığına ve deniz ekosistemine tehlike oluşturabilecek bir ağır metal kirliliğine rastlanmadığı belirlenmiştir. CR - Abbas Q., Israr M.A., Haq S.U., Nadeem A., (2021). Exploiting calibration free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) for the analysis of food colors. Optik, 236, 166531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166531 CR - Bengtson, A. (2017). Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy compared with conventional plasma optical emission techniques for the analysis of metals–A review of applications and analytical performance. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 134, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2017.05.006 CR - Bliefert C.,(2004). Umweltchemie. Auflage, Wiley-UCH. CR - Castle, B. C., Talabardon, K., Smith, B. W., & Winefordner, J. D. (1998). Variables influencing the precision of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements. Applied Spectroscopy, 52(5), 649-657. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702981944300 CR - Duffus, J. (2002). "Heavy metals" a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74(5), 793-807. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050793 CR - El Nemr, A., El-Said, G. F., Khaled, A., & Ragab, S. (2016). Distribution and ecological risk assessment of some heavy metals in coastal surface sediments along the Red Sea, Egypt. International Journal of Sediment Research, 31(2), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2014.10.001 CR - Fogarassy E. , Geoghegan D. , Stuke M. , (1996). Laser Ablation, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-13249-X CR - Hussain, T., ve Gondal, M. A., (2008). Monitoring and Assessment of Toxic Metals in Gulf War Oil Spill Contaminated Soil Using Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscop, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 136(1-3), 391-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9694-2 CR - Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032 CR - Jiang, L., Sui, M., Fan, Y., Su, H., Xue, Y., & Zhong, S. (2021). Micro-gas column assisted laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (MGC-LIBS): A metal elements detection method for bulk water in-situ analysis. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 177, 106065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106065 CR - Kam, E. & Önce, M. (2016). Pollution potential of heavy metals in the current sea sediments between Bandirma (Balikesir) and Lapseki (Çanakkale) in the Marmara Sea. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 1(3), 141-148. CR - https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.297619 CR - Kontas, A., Uluturhan, E., Alyuruk, H., Darilmaz, E., Bilgin, M., & Altay, O. (2020). Metal contamination in surficial sediments of Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea): spatial distribution, source identification and ecological risk assessment. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 40, 101487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101487. CR - Lee, Y., Oh, S. W., & Han, S. H. (2012). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of heavy metal ions at the sub-parts per million level in water. Applied spectroscopy, 66(12), 1385-1396. https://doi.org/10.1366/12-06639R CR - N'guessan, Y. M., Probst, J. L., Bur, T., & Probst, A. (2009). Trace elements in stream bed sediments from agricultural catchments (Gascogne region, SW France): where do they come from?. Science of the total environment, 407(8), 2939-2952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.047 CR - Özbolat, G., & Abdullah, T. U. L. İ. (2016). Ağır metal toksisitesinin insan sağlığına etkileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 25(4), 502-521. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.253562 CR - Pasquini, C., Cortez, J., Silva, L., & Gonzaga, F. B. (2007). Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 18(3), 463-512. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac303220r CR - Peralta, E., Pérez, G., Ojeda, G., Alcañiz, J. M., Valiente, M., López-Mesas, M., & Sánchez-Martín, M. J. (2020). Heavy metal availability assessment using portable X-ray fluorescence and single extraction procedures on former vineyard polluted soils. Science of the Total Environment, 726, 138670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138670 CR - Rusak, D. A., Castle, B. C., Smith, B. W., & Winefordner, J. D. (1997). Fundamentals and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 27(4), 257-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408349708050587 CR - Schechter, I. (1997). Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy: Α Review of Recent Advances. Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 16(3), 173-298. https://doi.org/10.1515/REVAC.1997.16.3.173 CR - Song, K., Lee, Y. I., & Sneddon, J. (1997). Applications of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 32(3), 183-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704929708003314 CR - Turner, A., & Taylor, A. (2018). On site determination of trace metals in estuarine sediments by field-portable-XRF. Talanta, 190, 498-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.024 CR - Yümün, Z. Ü. (2017). The effect of heavy metal pollution on foraminifera in the Western Marmara Sea (Turkey). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 129, 346-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.023 CR - Yümün, Z. Ü., & Önce, M. (2017). Monitoring heavy metal pollution in foraminifera from the Gulf of Edremit (northeastern Aegean Sea) between Izmir, Balıkesir and Çanakkale (Turkey). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 130, 110-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.03.015 CR - Yumun, Z. U., & Kam, E. (2019). Ecological analysis of heavy metal and radioactivity potential of Holocene sediments in Iznik Lake. Nukleonika, 64, 103-09. https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2019-0013 CR - Yümün, Z. Ü., Kam, E. & Melike, Ö. N. C. E. (2019). Analysis of Toxic Element with Icp-Oes and Libs Methods in Marine Sediments Around the Sea of Marmara in Kapidağ Peninsula. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.567378 UR - https://doi.org/10.55205/joctensa.11202238 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3812894 ER -