TY - JOUR T1 - Critique of Transhumanism, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Society in Terms of Social Values AU - Öngören, Hakan PY - 2024 DA - June Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.47157/jietp.1466386 JF - Journal of Interdisciplinary Education: Theory and Practice JO - JIETP PB - Eğitim Araştırmaları ve Yayınları Derneği (ERPA) WT - DergiPark SN - 2667-8578 SP - 51 EP - 65 VL - 6 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Transhumanism, which has become a trendy topic today, means ensuring human psychological and physiological transformation by using the opportunities brought by science. In addition, developments in artificial intelligence technologies have accelerated this transformation, and the survival of societies and moving into the future depends on keeping up with these transformations and adapting to digital transformations. This study examines the effects of transhumanism, artificial intelligence, and digital society on social values. For this purpose, a traditional literature review, also known as a narrative literature review, was adopted, and the results were synthesized by establishing a relationship between the relevant research topic and the literature. Accordingly, in the first stage of the study, the main goals and benefits of transhumanism, from the ideas of development and liberation, were mentioned in terms of social values. In the second stage, digital society was criticized in terms of social value and technological determinism about the Society 5.0 philosophy that artificial intelligence has brought about through social transformation. In this respect, the effects that will develop on social values in the context of transhumanize philosophy and artificial intelligence have been critically examined. Various suggestions have been developed in line with the literature review conducted within the scope of this study, the findings obtained from previous research, and the synthesis resulting from the study. Accordingly, while discussing the effects of technological developments on society, it is emphasized that observing social and ethical values is important in maintaining social harmony and balance. KW - Digital society KW - Social values KW - Transhumanism KW - Artificial ıntelligence CR - Adaş, E., & Erbay, B. (2022). Yapay zekâ sosyolojisi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.991383 CR - Avcıoğlu, G. Ş. (2011). Küresel bilgi teknolojilerinin değerler üzerindeki etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 1-20. CR - Aydenız, H. (2020). Geleneksel değerler üzerinden bir transhümanizm eleştirisi. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, (53), 353-376. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.690929 CR - Barkın, D. and Lemus, B. (2013). Rethinking the social and solidarity economy in light of community practice. Proceedings of the 3rd World Sustainability Forum. https://doi.org/10.3390/wsf3-c001 CR - Baumeıster, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Writing narrative literature reviews. Review of General Psychology, 1(3), 311-320. CR - Benııche, A., Rostami, S., & Maier, M. (2022). Society 5.0: internet as if people mattered. IEEE Wireless Communications, 29(6), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.009.2100570 CR - Berlin, I. (2017). Two concepts of liberty. In Liberty Reader (pp. 33-57). Routledge. CR - Berry, D. M. (2011). The computational turn: Thinking about the digital humanities. Culture machine, 12, 1-22. CR - Bıcchıerı, C., Muldoon, R., & Sontuoso, A. (2014). Social norms. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. CR - Bostrom, N. (2005). Transhumanist values. Journal of Philosophical Research, 30(Supplement), 3-14. CR - Boyd, R., & Holton, R. J. (2018). Technology, innovation, employment and power: Does robotics and artificial intelligence really mean social transformation? Journal of Sociology, 54(3), 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783317726591 CR - Bozkurt, A. (2023). ChatGPT, Üretken yapay zeka ve algoritmik paradigma biçimliği. Alanyazın, 4(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.59320/alanyazin.1283282 CR - Brette, O. (2003). Thorstein Veblen's theory of institutional change: Beyond technological determinism. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 10(3), 455-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967256032000106698 CR - Brıggs, A. (2000). The Age of Improvement (2nd ed.). Routledge. CR - Bryman, A. (2004). The Disneyization of society. Sage Publication. CR - Cao, Y., Li, S., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Dai, Y., Yu, P. S., & Sun, L. (2023). A comprehensive survey of ai-generated content (aigc): A history of generative ai from gan to chatgpt. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.04226. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.04226 CR - Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620731187 CR - Chung, A., & Rimal, R. N. (2016). Social norms: A review. Review of Communication Research, 4, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.2016.04.01.008 CR - Cohen, N. L. (2012). Delirium: The politics of sex in America. Catapult. CR - Cronın, P., Ryan, F., & Coughlan, M. (2008). Undertaking a literature review: A step-by-step approach. British Journal of Nursing, 17(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2008.17.1.28059 CR - Currıe, D. P. (1986). Positive and negative constitutional rights. U. chI. l. rev., 53, 864. CR - Çepnı, S. (2020). Eğitimde “bir adım ötesi” tartışmalarının kavramsal çerçevesini anlamak: Dijitalleşme ve insanileşme (etik ve değerler) kavramlarında denge kurma arayışları. Fen Matematik Girişimcilik ve Teknoloji Eğitimi Dergisi, 3(2), 65-79. CR - Defalco, A. (2020). Towards a theory of posthuman care: Real humans and caring robots. Body &Amp; Society, 26(3), 31-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034x20917450 CR - Demır, S. T. (2020). Tekno-bilimsel ilerlemecilik ve nostaljik-gelişmecilik ikileminde modern insan. Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy, 10(4), 1537-1558. https://doi.org/10.18491/beytulhikme.1662 CR - Demır, T. (2022). Kutsal olan her şey buharlaşıyor mu? Z kuşağının değer yöneliminde transhümanist izler. Marifetname, 9(1), 111-139. https://doi.org/10.47425/marifetname.vi.1013163 CR - Fıtzsımons, P. J. (2006). Biotechnology, ethics and education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 26(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-006-9011-5 CR - Fukuyama, M. (2018). Society 5.0: Aiming for a new human-centered society. Japan Spotlight, 27, 47-50. CR - Garnham, N. (2000). Emancipation, the Media, and Modernity. Oxford University Press. CR - Granrath, L. (2024, October 31). Japan’s Society 5.0: Going Beyond Industry 4.0. https://www.japanindustrynews.com/2017/08/japans-society-5-0-going-beyondindustry-4-0/ CR - Guerreıro, J., Loureiro, S. M. C., Romero, J., Itani, O., & Eloy, S. (2022). Transhumanism and engagement-facilitating technologies in society. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(5), 537-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2021.2009615 CR - Gül, H. (2022). Modernleşme sürecinde yaşlılık sorunlarına ilişkin sosyolojik bir değerlendirme. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 928-943. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.957272 CR - Günay, İ. E. (2023). Transhümanizm: İnsan simülakrın sonu. Mevzu–Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (10), 207-235. https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1315452 CR - Hauskeller, M. (2009). Utopian themes in transhumanist thoughts. The Hastings Center Report, 42(2), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.18 CR - Howıe, E. (2018). Protecting the human right to freedom of expression in international law. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20(1), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2018.1392612 CR - Hughes, J. J. (2012). The politics of transhumanism and the techno‐millennial imagination, 1626–2030. Zygon, 47(4), 757-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2012.01289.x CR - Hussın, A. A. (2018). Education 4.0 made simple: Ideas for teaching. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.3p.92 CR - Kamilaris, A., & Pitsillides, A. (2016). Mobile phone computing and the internet of things: A survey. IEEE Internet of things Journal, 3(6), https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2016.2600569 CR - Kara, S. (2020, July). Development of Ottoman Printing Technology on the Basis of Technological Determinism and Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) Theories (Conference presentation). STS Turkey 2019-Science and Technology Studies for Society Conference. İstanbul, Türkiye. CR - Karataş, K., Arpaci, I., & Yildirim, Y. (2023). Predicting the culturally responsive teacher roles with cultural intelligence and self-efficacy using machine learning classification algorithms. Education and Urban Society, 55(6), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245221087999 CR - Kıle, F. (2013). Artificial intelligence and society: A furtive transformation. AI & Society, 28(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-012-0396-0 CR - Kır, Ş. (2019). Book review: Handbook of research on learning in the age of transhumanism. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.559414 CR - Kim, M. D., & Lee, K. S. (2023). Mapping participation in ICT4D: A meta-analytic review of development communication research. International Communication Gazette, 85(2), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485221111308 CR - Kozacıoğlu, S., & Yazgan, Ç. Ü. (2022). Toplum 5.0 ve yapay zekâ bağlamında gerçekleşen toplumsal dönüşümün sosyolojik analizi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Nevşehir. CR - Kurt, İ. (2019). Transhümanizm ve tekillik bağlamında dinin geleceği. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya. CR - Lıng, R. (2010). New tech, new ties: How mobile communication is reshaping social cohesion. MIT press. CR - Mackenzıe, D., & Wajcman, J. (1999). The social shaping of technology. Open university press. CR - Manzocco, R. (2019). Transhümanizm. İnsan Durumunun Mühendisliği. Springer. CR - Martın, A. (2008). Digital literacy and the “digital society”. Digital literacies: Concepts, Policies and Practices, 30(2008), 151-176. CR - Mavrodıeva, A. V., & Shaw, R. (2020). Disaster and climate change issues in Japan’s Society 5.0—A discussion. Sustainability, 12(5), 1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051893 CR - Mıllî Eğıtım Bakanlığı, [MEB]. (2018). Sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programı. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812103847686-SOSYAL%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0LER%20%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI%20.pdf. İndirme Tarihi: 17.02.2023 CR - More, M., & Vita-More, N. (Eds.). (2013). The transhumanist reader: Classical and contemporary essays on the science, technology, and philosophy of the human future. John Wiley & Sons. CR - Nancy, J. L. (1993). The experience of freedom. Stanford University Press. CR - Öngören, H. (2022). Türkiye’de internet kullanım eğilimi ve dijital vatandaşlık algısının insan hakları bağlamında incelenmesi. Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi, 5(9), 47-82. CR - Öngören, H., & Yılmaz, A. (2023). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital hak ve sorumluluk bilinci ile sosyal ve duygusal öğrenme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 21(46), 399-423. https://doi.org/10.34234/ded.1331264 CR - Özkul, O. (2023). Kültür ve küreselleşme. Lejand Kitap. CR - Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2010). Moral transhumanism. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 35(6), 656-669. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhq052 CR - Rodgers, D. T. (2017). In search of progressivism. In The Progressive Era in the USA: 1890–1921 (pp. 1-20). Routledge. CR - Saracel, N., & Aksoy, I. (2020). Toplum 5.0: Süper akıllı toplum. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 26-34. CR - Schallmo, D. R., & Williams, C. A. (2018). History of digital transformation. In digital transformation now! (pp. 3-8). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72844-5_2 CR - Soylu, A. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 ve girişimcilikte yeni yaklaşımlar. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (32), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.424955 CR - Stevenson, A., & Lindberg, C. (2010). New oxford american dictionary. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001 CR - Tamer, H. Y., & Övgün, B. (2020). Yapay zekâ bağlamında dijital dönüşüm ofisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 75(2), 775-803. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.691119 CR - Tekke, M., & Coşkun, M. (2019). Kendini tanıma, kendini gerçekleştirme, kendini aşmışlık, potansiyelin tam kullanan kişi: kişilerarası iletişim. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(70), 790-797. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.454355 CR - Thompson, J. (2017). Transhumanism: How far is too far? The New Bioethics, 23(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2017.1345092 CR - Turan, T., Turan, G. & Küçüksille, E. (2022). Yapay zekâ etiği: Toplum üzerine etkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(2), 292-299. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1058538 CR - Türkkahraman, M. (2014). Social values and value education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 633-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.270 CR - Uğurlu, Z. E. (2020). Toplum 5.0 ve dijital dünyada toplumsal dönüşüm ve eğitim 5.0. Dijital Dönüşüm ve İnovasyon: 4. Uluslararası Yeni Medya Konferansı (25-26 Nisan 2019, İstanbul). www.academia.edu/42636247 CR - Unger, R. M. (1983). The critical legal studies movement. Harvard law review, 561-675. CR - Unıted Natıons Türkıye. (2021). 2021 Results Report. Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2023. https://turkiye.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/2021_UNCT_ResultsRreport_Final_0.pdf CR - Vıta-More, N. (1983). Transhuman manifesto. Página web: Transhumanist. http://www. transhumanist.biz/transhumanmanifesto.html. (Fecha de consulta: Noviembre 2023). CR - We Are Socıal. (2021). Digital 2023: Global Overview Report. Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023 https://wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-2023-Global-Overview-Report.pdf CR - Wef. (2019). Platform for shaping the future of the new economy and society. Schools of the future: Defining new models of education for the fourth industrial revolution. Erişim Tarihi: 02.11.2023 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Schools_of_the_Future_Report_2019.pdf CR - Wıllıams, R. (1985). İkibin’e doğru. (E. Tarım, Çev.). Ayrıntı Yayınları. CR - Wolnıak, R. (2023). Industry 5.0–Characterıstıc, Maın Prıncıples, Advantages and Dısadvantages. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management/Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie, (170). 663-679. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.170.40 CR - Wolnıak, R., & Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2021). Improvement of services for people with disabilities by public administration in silesian province poland. Sustainability, 13(2), 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020967 CR - Wulandari, E., Winarno, W., & Triyanto, T. (2021). Digital citizenship education: Shaping digital ethics in society 5.0. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(5), 948-956. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2021.090507 CR - Zengın, Y., Naktiyok, S., Kaygın, E., Kavak, O., & Topçuoğlu, E. (2021). An ınvestigation upon ındustry 4.0 and society 5.0 within the context of sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 13(5), 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052682 UR - https://doi.org/10.47157/jietp.1466386 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3853626 ER -