TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water Quality Assessment of Derinçay Stream (Çorum) by Biotic Indices
AU  - İpek, Süleyman
AU  - Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk
PY  - 2024
DA  - October
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.26650/ASE20241477237
JF  - Aquatic Sciences and Engineering
JO  - Aqua Sci Eng
PB  - Istanbul University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2602-473X
SP  - 206
EP  - 215
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
LA  - en
AB  - In this study, counting and identification were performed on epiphytic diatom samples taken from 6 sampling stations located on the Derinçay Stream (Çorum). In the study, 42 taxa belonging to Bacillariophyta were identified, and the dominant taxon of the stream was Nitschia palea. According to some biotic indices such as the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Saprobic Index (SI), it was determined that the Derinçay Stream has a hypertrophic trophic structure corresponding to the "bad" ecological status with an average TDI value of 79.8, and according to the SI, the upper stations (St1, St2) were organically slightly polluted corresponding to β-mesosaprobic, while the other stations were determined to be heavily polluted corresponding to α-mesosaprobic. When looking at the similarities of the stations, the stations with the highest similarity values were the 4th and 6th stations, while the similarity of the 1st and 6th stations was low. When Shannon diversity index (H’) averages are examined, the stream is classified as "low diversity" and "heavily polluted". According to the Pielou evenness index (J’), the community balance at the epiphytic flora stations was better in other months, except February 2021. According to Margalef's species richness index (d), species richness decreases upstream from downstream. When the data in the study area are evaluated, it was seen that the stream is under the threat of pollution, and the SI results represented the ecological structure of the stream better than the TDI results.
KW  - Diatom
KW  - Stream
KW  - Biotic Index
KW  - Water Quality
CR  - APHA, (2005). Standart Methods for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington, American Public Health Association Washington, DC, 1134 p. google scholar
CR  - Arsad, S., Putra, K. T., Latifah, N., Kadim, M. K. & Musa, M. (2021). Epiphytic microalgae community as aquatic bioindicator in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22 (7), 2961-2971. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220749 google scholar
CR  - Atay, D. & Pulatsü, S. (2000). Water Pollution and Control. Ankara University Publisher, No: 1513, Ankara, Türkiye, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Barlas, M., Mumcu, M. F., Dirican, S. & Solak, C. N. (2001). Examination of epilithic diatoms living in Sarıçay (Milas) according to water quality. IV. National Ecology and Environment Congress, October 5-8, 2001, Bodrum, 313-322 p. google scholar
CR  - Bere, T. & Tundisi, J. G. (2011). Diatom-based water quality assessment in streams influence by urban pollution: effects of natural and two selected artificial substrates, Sâo Carlos-SP, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 15 (1), 54-63. https://doi. org/10.14210/bjast.v15n1.p54-63 google scholar
CR  - Cirik, S. & Cirik, Ş. (2005). Limnology (Coursebook). Ege University Fisheries Faculty Publications, No: 21, Izmir, Türkiye, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Clarke, K. R. & Ainsworth, M. (1993). A Method of Linking Multivariate Community Structure to Environmental Variables, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92, 205-219. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps092205 google scholar
CR  - Coste, M. & Ayphassorho, H. (1991). Étude de la qualité des eaux du Bassin Artois-Picardie à l’aide des communautés de diatomées benthiques (Application des indices diatomiques). Raport Cemagref, Bordeaux - Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, Douai, 277 p. google scholar
CR  - Çıtakoğlu, H. & Özeren, Y. (2021). Modeling of Water Quality Parameters in Sakarya Basin with Artificial Neural Networks. European Journal of Science and Technology, 24, 10-17. Türkiye, (in Turkish). https://doi. org/10.31590/ejosat.898046 google scholar
CR  - Çiçek, N. L. & Ertan, Ö. O. (2015). Köprüçay Nehri (Antalya) su kalitesinin epilitik diyotomlarla belirlenmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 32 (2), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2015.32.2.03 google scholar
CR  - Dalu, T., Mwedzi, T., Wasserman, R. J., Madzivanzira, T. C., Nhiwatiwa, T. & Cuthbert, R. N. (2022). Land use effects on water quality, habitat, and macroinvertebrate and diatom communities in African highland streams. Science of the Total Environment, 846, 157346. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157346 google scholar
CR  - Descy, J. P. & Coste, M. (1991). A test of methods for assessing water quality based on diatoms. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 24, 2112-2116. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1989.1 1899905 google scholar
CR  - Eassa, M. A., Jassim, W. F. H., al-Maliki, H., Al-Saad, R. T. & Mehson, N. K. (2015). Assessment of eutrophication and organic pollution status of Shatt AlArab River by using diatom indices. Mesopotamia Environmental Journal, 1 (3). 44-56. google scholar
CR  - EC, (2000). European Committee for Standardization, Directive 2000/60/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field ofwater policy. Off J Eur Commun Ser L., 327, 1-73. google scholar
CR  - Girgin, S. & Kazancı, N. (1994). Evaluation of water quality of Ankara Stream using physico-chemical and biological parameters. . XII. National Congress of Biology (pp.235-240). Edirne, Turkey google scholar
CR  - Gürbüz, H. & Kıvrak, E. (2002). Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23 (3), 239-246. google scholar
CR  - Gomez, N. & Licursi, M. (2001). The Pampean Diatom Index (IDP) for Assessment of Rivers and Streams in Argentina. Aquatic Ecology, 35, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011415209445 google scholar
CR  - Hartley, B., Barber, H. G., Carter, J. R. & Sims, P. A. (1996). An atlas of British diatoms. Biopress Ltd., Bristol, UK. 601 p. google scholar
CR  - Hasle, G. R. (1978). Some specific preparations, Phytoplankton manual. Printed by Page Brothers (Norwich) Ltd., Paris, 136-142. google scholar
CR  - Hassan, F. M., Al- Zubaidi, N. A. J., El-Sheekh, M. M., Youssef, O. S., Salman, J. M., Douabul, A. & Panhwar, S. K. (2023). Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Epiphyton with Diversity Indices in a Lotic Ecosystem. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 27 (6), 815-836. google scholar
CR  - Hassan, F. M. & Shaawiat, A. O. (2015). Application of diatomic indices in lotic ecosystem, Iraq. Global Journal of Bio-science and Biotechnology, 4 (4), 381-388. google scholar
CR  - Herawati, H., Nurruhwati, I. & Dhahiyat, Y. (2019). The structure of phytoplankton community to estimated trophic level in Jatigede reservoirs. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 4 (3), 33-37 google scholar
CR  - Kalyoncu, H. & Barlas, M. (1997). Seasonal changes of epilithic diatoms determined intensely in the Isparta Stream depending on water quality. IX. National Fisheries Symposium, September 17-19, 1997, Eğirdir/Isparta. google scholar
CR  - Kalyoncu, H., Barlas, M. & Ertan, Ö. O. (2009). The Study of The Water Quality of The Aksu Stream According to The Biotic Index (Diatoms and Invertebrates) and Physico-chemical Parameters, The Relations of The Organisms with The Water Quality. Journal of TUBAV Science, 2 (1), 46-57, Türkiye, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Kalyoncu, H., Çiçek, N. L., Akköz, C. & Özçelik, R. (2009). Epilithic diatoms from the Darıören Stream (Isparta/Turkey): Biotic indices and multivariate analysis. Fresinius Environmental Bulletin, 18 (7), 1236-1242. google scholar
CR  - Karagözoğlu, N. (2020). Causes and solution proposals for environmental problems: Yozgat example. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education (IGGE), 42, 356-373, Türkiye, (in Turkish). https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.680120 google scholar
CR  - Kelly, M. G. (1998). Use of The Trophic Diatom Index to Eutrophication In Rivers Monitor. Water Research, 32 (1), 236-242. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00157-7 google scholar
CR  - Kelly, M. G. & Whitton, B. A. (1995). The trophic diatom index: a new index for monitoring eutrophication in rivers. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7, 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003802 google scholar
CR  - Klee, O. (1991). Angewandte Hydrobiologie- G. Theieme Verlag, 2. Neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Stuttgart-New York. google scholar
CR  - Kocataş, A. (1994). Ecology and Environmental Biology. Ege University Faculty of Science Textbook Series, No: 142, Ege University Printing House, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991a). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/3, 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragillariaceae, Eunoticeae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, (in German). google scholar
CR  - Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991b). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/4, 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, (in German). google scholar
CR  - Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999a). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/1, 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, (in German). google scholar
CR  - Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999b). Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/2, 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, (in German). google scholar
CR  - Liu, B., Chen, S., Liu, H. & Guan, Y. (2020). Changes in the ratio of benthic to planktonic diatoms to eutrophication status of Muskegon Lake through time: Implications for a valuable indicator on water quality. Ecological Indicators, 114, 106284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolind.2020.106284 google scholar
CR  - Maraşlıoğlu, F., Bektaş, S. & Özen, A. (2020). Comparative performance of physicochemical and diatom-based metrics in assessing the water quality of Mert Stream, Turkey. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 21 (8), 18-31.https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/127392 google scholar
CR  - Masouras, A., Karaouzas, I., Dimitriou, E., Tsirtsis, G. & Smeti, E. (2021). Benthic diatoms in river biomonitoring-Present and Future Perspectives within the Water Framework Directive. Water, 13(4), 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040478 google scholar
CR  - Pantle, E. & Buck, H. (1955). Die Biologische Uberwachung der Gewässer und Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse (Biological monitoring of water bodies and the presentation of results). Gas und Wasserfach, 96 (18), 604-618. google scholar
CR  - Reynolds, C. S. (1993). Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton. Cambridge, Crc Press, 384 p. google scholar
CR  - Richards, J., Tibby, J., Barr, C. & Goonan, P. (2020). Effect of substrate type on diatom-based water quality assessments in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Hydrobiologia, 847(14), 3077-3090. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04316-9 google scholar
CR  - Round, F. E., Crawford, R. M. & Mann, D. G. (1990). The Diatoms, Biology & Morphology of The Genera, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 733 p. google scholar
CR  - Sevindik, T. O., Çetin, T., Güzel, U., Tunca, H. & Tekbaba, A. G. (2023). Using diatom indices to estimate the ecological status of minimally disturbed rivers of the Sakarya River Basin (Türkiye). Ecohydrology, 16(7), e2568. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2568 google scholar
CR  - Soeprobowati, T. R., Addadiyah, N. L., Hariyati, R. & Jumari, J. (2021). Physico-chemical and biological water quality of Warna and Pengilon Lakes, Dieng, Central Java. Journal of Water and Land Development. 51 (X-XII), 38-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2021.139013 google scholar
CR  - Solak C. N. (2011). The Application of Diatom Indices in the Upper Porsuk Creek Kütahya - Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2011.0105 google scholar
CR  - Steinberg, C. & Schiefele, S. (1988). Biological indication of trophy and pollution of running waters. Z.Wasser Abwasser-Forsch, 21: 227-234. google scholar
CR  - Sun, S., Gao, L., He, S., Huang, J. & Zhou, W. (2019). Nitrogen removal in response to plants harvesting in two kinds of enhanced hydroponic root mats treating secondary effluent. Science of the total environment, 670, 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.182 google scholar
CR  - Swift E. (1967). Cleaning diatom frustules with ultraviolet radiation and peroxide. Phycologia, 6, 161-163. google scholar
CR  - SWQR, (2021). Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR), the Republic of Turkey Official Gazette Nr. 31513, Ankara, Türkiye, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Taş, B., Tepe, Y., Ustaoğlu, F. & Alptekin, S. (2019). Benthic algal diversity and water quality evaluation by biological approach of Turnasuyu Creek, NE Turkey. Desalination and water treatment, 155, 402-415. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24225 google scholar
CR  - Temizel, B. (2022). A Floristic Study on Algae of the Harşit River, Giresun. (Doctoral Dissertation) Giresun: Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Giresun University, (in Turkish). google scholar
CR  - Valiente-Banuet, A., Aizen, M. A., Alcántara, J. M., Arroyo, J., Cocucci, A., Galetti, M., García, M. B., García, D., Gómez, J. M., Jordano, P., Medel, R., Navarro, L., Obeso, J. R., Oviedo, R., Ramírez, N., Rey, P. J., Traveset, A., Verdú, M. & Zamora, R. (2015). Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a changing world. Functional Ecology, 29 (3), 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12356 google scholar
CR  - Van Dam, H., Mertens, A. & Sinkeldam, J. (1994). A Coded Checklist and Ecological Indicator Values of Freshwater Diatoms from Netherlands. Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol., 28, 117-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02334251 google scholar
CR  - Wessel, P., Luis, J. F., Uieda, L., Scharroo, R., Wobbe, F., Smith, W. H. F. & Tian, D. (2019). The Generic Mapping Tools version 6. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20: 5556-5564. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008515 google scholar
CR  - Wilhm, J.L. (1975). Biological Indicator of Poluttion. In: B.A. Whitton (Ed). River Ecology. (pp. 375-402). Blackwell Scietific Publications, Oxford. ISBN: 0520-03016-8 google scholar
CR  - Ye, Y. Y., Luo, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, M., Xiang, P. & Ashraf, M. A. (2017). Relation between diversity of phytoplankton and environmental factors in waters around Nanri Island. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 15 (3), 241-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1503_241252 google scholar
UR  - https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20241477237
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3900608
ER  -