TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design of A Novel IoT Based Mobile ECG Data Transmission System using ESP8266
AU  - Sümbül, Harun
PY  - 2025
DA  - July
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.36222/ejt.1496616
JF  - European Journal of Technique (EJT)
JO  - EJT
PB  - Hibetullah KILIÇ
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2536-5010
SP  - 15
EP  - 20
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - The Covid-19 pandemic, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, has adversely affected nearly everyone physically, mentally, and socially. During this period, an increase in cardiovascular diseases has been observed, attributed to factors such as changes in dietary habits, physical inactivity due to staying at home, increased consumption of frozen processed food, psychological stress, lack of social interaction, and consequently, rising alcohol and tobacco consumption. This has led to a significant increase in cardiologists' workload and a shift from traditional technologies to remote patient monitoring models.In this context, remote Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring-based approaches have become widely used in recent years for the detection of heart diseases, owing to their reliability and non-invasive nature.This study introduces an SMTP-based tele-monitoring approach that facilitates remote monitoring of ECG signals and supports a medical simulator, aiming to alleviate the workload of healthcare professionals. The primary objective of this research is to develop a wireless monitoring framework for ECG signals, aiming to enhance patient monitoring and safety, reduce the workload of healthcare providers, and ensure equitable access to healthcare services. Our research focuses on implementing a portable, real-time, and cost-effective ECG monitoring system.
KW  - ECG
KW  - SMTP
KW  - ESP8266
KW  - Telemonitoring
KW  - IoT
CR  - [1]	Chang, Wei-Ting et al., Cardiac Involvement of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 361 (2021), 1, pp.14-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.002
CR  - [2]	Xu, Z. ∙ Shi, L. ∙ Wang, Y., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Lancet Respir Med. 8 (2020), pp.420-422, DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
CR  - [3]	Chen, T. Wu, D. Chen, H., Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study, BMJ. 2020; 368:m1091, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1295
CR  - [4]	Hamdy RM, Samy M, Mohamed HS. Clinical utility of ambulatory ECG monitoring and 2D-ventricular strain for evaluation of post-COVID-19 ventricular arrhythmia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. (2024) 16;24(1):429. DOI:10.1186/s12872-024-03982-0.
CR  - [5]	Singh, A.K., Krishnan, S. ECG signal feature extraction trends in methods and applications. BioMed Eng OnLine 1, (2023), 22. DOI:10.1186/s12938-023-01075-1
CR  - [6]	Hernando-Ramiro, C., Lovisolo, L., Cruz-Roldán, F. et al. Matching Pursuit Decomposition on Electrocardiograms for Joint Compression and QRS Detection. Circuits Syst Signal Process 38(2019), pp.2653–2676. DOI:10.1007/s00034-018-0986-2
CR  - [7]	Xie, J., Peng, L., Wei, L. et al. A signal quality assessment–based ECG waveform delineation method used for wearable monitoring systems. Med Biol Eng Comput 59(2021), pp.2073–2084. DOI:10.1007/s11517-021-02425-8
CR  - [8]	Aziz, S., Ahmed, S. & Alouini, MS. ECG-based machine-learning algorithms for heartbeat classification. Sci Rep 11, 18738 (2021). DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-97118-5
CR  - [9]	Finotti, E.; Quesada, A.; Ciaccio, E.J.; Garan, H.; Hornero, F.; Alcaraz, R.; Rieta, J.J. Practical Considerations for the Application of Nonlinear Indices Characterizing the Atrial Substrate in Atrial Fibrillation. Entropy (2022), 24, 1261. DOI:10.3390/e24091261
CR  - [10]	Liu, C., Tai, M., Hu, J. et al. Application of smart devices in investigating the effects of air pollution on atrial fibrillation onset. npj Digit. Med. 6, 42 (2023). DOI:10.1038/s41746-023-00788-w
CR  - [11]	O. Aligholipour and M. Kuntalp, "Clustering of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF) and non-PAF subjects based on arrhythmia-free records," 2018 Electric Electronics, Computer Science, Biomedical Engineerings' Meeting (EBBT), Istanbul, Turkey, (2018), pp. 1-5, DOI: 10.1109/EBBT.2018.8391425.
CR  - [12]	Wang, J., Wang, X., Liu, H. et al. Effect of butorphanol on visceral pain in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 23, 93 (2023). DOI:10.1186/s12871-023-02053-9.
CR  - [13]	Solis, A., Shimony, J., Shinawi, M. et al. Case report: malignant hypertension associated with catecholamine excess in a patient with Leigh syndrome. Clin Hypertens 29, 7 (2023). DOI:10.1186/s40885-022-00231-4.
CR  - [14]	Lange, T., Backhaus, S.J., Schulz, A. et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived left atrioventricular coupling index and major adverse cardiac events in patients following acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 25, 24 (2023). DOI:10.1186/s12968-023-00929-w.
CR  - [15]	Atamanyuk, I., Kondratenko, Y., Havrysh, V. et al. Computational method of the cardiovascular diseases’ classification based on a generalized nonlinear canonical decomposition of random sequences. Sci Rep 13, 59 (2023). DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-27318-0
CR  - [16]	Ahmet Reşit Kavsaoğlu, Eftal Sehirli, A novel study to classify breath inhalation and breath exhalation using audio signals from heart and trachea, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 80(2023), Part 1,  104220, DOI:10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104220
CR  - [17]	Xie, J., Peng, L., Wei, L. et al. A signal quality assessment–based ECG waveform delineation method used for wearable monitoring systems. Med Biol Eng Comput 59(2021), pp.2073–2084. DOI:10.1007/s11517-021-02425-8
CR  - [18]	Luo Brooke, McLoone Melissa, Rasooly Irit R., Craig Sansanee, Muthu Naveen, Won James, Ruppel Halley, Bonafide Christopher P., ANALYSIS: Protocol for a New Method to Measure Physiologic Monitor Alarm Responsiveness, Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 54:6 (2020), pp.389-396, DOI:10.2345/0899-8205-54.6.389
CR  - [19]	Murat Alan, M. Caner Akuner, Kalen Berry, Erkan Kaplanoglu, Correlation Between ECG and Heart Sound, 2020 SoutheastCon, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2020, pp. 1-4, Date of Conference: 28-29 March 2020, Conference Location: Raleigh, NC, USA, DOI: 10.1109/SoutheastCon44009.2020.9249693.
CR  - [20]	Demir, A.K., & Abut, F.. Grid ağ topolojilerinde CoAP ve CoCoA tıkanıklık kontrol mekanizmalarının karşılaştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2018), pp.53-60. DOI:10.17714/gumusfenbil.436056
CR  - [21]	Sümbül, H.. Deneyap kart kullanarak pozisyonel uyku apnesi tespiti ve IoT uygulaması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4) (2023), pp.1033-1045. DOI:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1262913
CR  - [22]	Çiftçi, B., Şen, Z., & Akkaş, M. (2021). Nesnelerin İnterneti Tabanlı Kablosuz Taşınabilir EKG Cihazı. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(26), 91-95. DOI:10.31590/ejosat.949795
CR  - [23]	Saeed, I. M., Eltaema, M. A., Eldie, G. A. S., H Mohamed, H. O.., T. Ahmed and M. E. S. Hamad, "Development of 3-Channel 12-Lead ECG Monitoring Device with Telemedicine Integration using AD8232," 2023 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA), Cairo, Egypt, 2023, pp. 1-8, DOI: 10.1109/ICCA59364.2023.10401513.
CR  - [24]	Zhaoyang Ge, Huiqing Cheng, Zhuang Tong, Ning Wang, Adi Alhudhaif, Fayadh Alenezi, Haiyan Wang, Bing Zhou, Zongmin Wang, ECG-MAKE: An ECG signal delineation approach based on medical attribute knowledge extraction, Information Sciences 637 (2023) 118978, DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2023.118978
CR  - [25]	Neri L, Oberdier MT, Augello A, Suzuki M, Tumarkin E, Jaipalli S, Geminiani GA, Halperin HR, Borghi C. Algorithm for Mobile Platform-Based Real-Time QRS Detection. Sensors. 2023; 23(3):1625. DOI:10.3390/s23031625
CR  - [26]	Liu Feifei, Wei Shoushui, Li Yibin, Jiang Xinge, Zhang Zhimin, Zhang Ling, Liu Chengyu, the accuracy on the common pan-tompkins based QRS detection methods through low-quality electrocardiogram database J. Med. Imag. Health Inform., 7 (5) (2017), pp. 1039-1043, DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2017.2134
CR  - [27]	Eduardo José da S. Luz, William Robson Schwartz, Guillermo Cámara-Chávez, David Menotti, “Ecg-based heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: A survey,” Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 127 (2016), pp. 144–164, DOI:10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.12.008
CR  - [28]	Abdioğlu, S., Acar, B. & Kavsaoğlu, A.R. Kablosuz EKG cihazı tasarımı ve sinyal işleme teknikleri kullanılarak özniteliklerin değerlendirilmesine yönelik web sitesi tasarımı. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 26 (2021), pp.144-150, DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.951988.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.1496616
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3985382
ER  -