TY - JOUR T1 - LIKING CHILDREN AND SENSITIVITY TO VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION MAJORS TT - BEDEN EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARINDA ÇOCUK SEVGİSİ VE ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK ŞİDDETE DUYARLIK AU - Saraç, Leyla AU - Dinç, Zeynep PY - 2024 DA - August Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.70007/yalovaspor.1501981 JF - Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi JO - YÜSBD PB - Yalova University WT - DergiPark SN - 2822-664X SP - 41 EP - 65 VL - 3 IS - 2 LA - en AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the liking and sensitivity to violence against children among PE teacher candidates based on gender and grade level and to examine the correlation between liking and sensitivity to violence against children. The study utilized a cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational research design. A total of 179 physical education teacher candidates (91 females and 88 males) enrolled in the study. As data collection instruments, the Demographic Information Form, the Barnett Liking of Children Scale, and the Violence Sensitivity Toward Children Scale were used. The gathered data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings revealed that PE teacher candidates' levels of liking for children and sensitivity to violence against children are both high, with no gender or grade level difference, and that there is no correlation between their levels of liking for children and sensitivity to violence against children. Although it is encouraging to see that physical education teacher candidates have a high level of liking for children and are sensitive to violence against them, the findings regarding grade level variables do not seem to reflect the impact of children-focused field and teaching profession courses taken during the teacher training program. KW - Children liking KW - Violence to children KW - Violence sensitivity KW - Physical education KW - Teacher candidate N2 - Bu araştırmanın amacı beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyet ve öğrenim gördükleri sınıf değişkenine göre çocuk sevgisi ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete duyarlık ilişkisini karşılaştırmak ve çocuk sevgisi ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete duyarlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmada kesitsel ve betimsel ilişkisel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 179 beden eğitimi öğretmen adayı (91 kadın, 88 erkek) katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Demografik Bilgi Formu, Çocuk Sevme Ölçeği ve Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddete Duyarlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde bağımsız t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Person korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının çocuk sevme ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete duyarlık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğunu ve öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyet ve öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyine göre farklılaşmadığını, çocuk sevgisi ve çocuğa yönelik şiddet düzeylerinde ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Beden eğitimi öğretmeni adaylarının çocukları sevme ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete duyarlık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğunu görmek cesaret verici olsa da, sınıf düzeyi değişkenine ilişkin bulgular, öğretmen yetiştirme programı kapsamında alınan çocuk odaklı alan ve öğretmenlik meslek bilgisi derslerinin etkisini yansıtmıyor gibi görünmektedir. CR - Akçınar, A. & Tokcan, M. (2023). Investigation of the relationship between liking of children levels and attitudes toward teaching profession of physical education teachers. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns (JERP), 4(2), 593-609. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i2.185 CR - Alvariñas-Villaverde, M., Domínguez-Alonso, J., Pumares-Lavandeira, L., & Portela-Pino, I. (2022). Initial motivations for choosing teaching as a career. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842557 CR - Anderson, D. B., & Anderson, A. L. (1995, September). Preservice teachers' attitudes toward children: Implications for teacher education. In The Educational Forum (Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 312-318). Taylor & Francis Group. CR - Bağçeli Kahraman, P. & Onur Sezen, G. (2017). The investigation of the relation between the attitudes of the teacher candidates towards children rights and their state of liking children. Management & Education, 13(4), 7-14. CR - Barnett, M. A., & Sinisi, C. S. (1990). The initial validation of a liking of children scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1-2), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674055 CR - Barrett, R. J. (1972). Teaching experience—Early, often, and varied. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, 43(5), 70-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221473.1972.10612082 CR - Briggs, F., & Hawkins, R. (1997). Child protection: A guide for teachers and child care professionals. St Leonards, Australia: Allen & Unwin. CR - Brown, M. M. (1992). Caribbean first‐year teachers’ reasons for choosing teaching as a career. Journal of Education for Teaching, 18(2), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260747920180207 CR - Brown, N., Morehead, P., & Smith, J. B. (2008). ... But I love children: Changing elementary teacher candidates' conceptions of the qualities of effective teachers. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(1), 169-183. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23479037 CR - Büyük, E. T., Uzşen, H., Koyun, M., & Seferoğlu, E. G. (2023). Determining the sensitivity of university students studying in the field of health to violence against children: A descriptive study. Anatolian Journal of Health Research, 4(3), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.71182 CR - Ciotto, C. M., & Gagnon, A. G. (2018). Promoting social and emotional learning in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 89(4), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2018.1430625 CR - Cohen, J., McCabe, L., Michelli, N., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research policy, teacher education and practice. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 180-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100108 CR - Crosson Tower, C. (2003). The role of educators in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/educator.pdf CR - Crow, N. A. (1991). Personal perspectives on classroom management. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago, IL, April 3-7, Eric Document Reproduction Service No. ED 332 959). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED332959.pdf CR - de Bruijn, A. G., Mombarg, R., & Timmermans, A. C. (2022). The importance of satisfying children’s basic psychological needs in primary school physical education for PE-motivation, and its relations with fundamental motor and PE-related skills. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 422-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1906217 CR - Demirtas, V. Y. (2018). A study on teacher candidates' self-efficacy, motivation, and affection levels for children. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(12), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12.3661 CR - Demir Acar, M., & Yilmaz Bingol, T. (2022). An exploration of the relationship between liking of children and determining abuse and neglect among students studying child development at a vocational school. Child & Youth Services,44(2), 218-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2022.2086116 CR - Dereli İman, E. (2014). Examining preschool teacher candidates’ liking children and motivations for teaching professions. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 7(4), 482-504. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akukeg/issue/29355/314113 CR - Devine, D., Fahie, D., & McGillicuddy, D. (2013). What is ‘good’ teaching? Teacher beliefs and practices about their teaching. Irish Educational Studies, 32(1), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2013.773228 CR - Doolittle, S. A., P. Dodds, & J. H. Placek. (1993). Persistence of beliefs about teaching during formal training of preservice teachers. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 12, 355-365. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.12.4.355 CR - Durmuşoğlu Saltalı, N., & Erbay, F. (2013). Examination of speaking, listening, empathy skills of preschool teachers in terms of liking of children. Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty, 14(1), 159-174. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefad/issue/59473/854639 CR - Duyan, V., & Gelbal, S. (2008). The adaptation study of Barnett Liking of Children Scale to Turkish. Egitim ve Bilim, 33(148), 40-48. CR - Eisenbraun, K. D. (2007). Violence in schools: Prevalence, prediction, and prevention. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(4), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2006.09.008 CR - Ercan, R. (2014). Liking of children in teachers [Öğretmenlerde çocuk sevgisi]. Turkish Studies Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 9(8), 435-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.7370 CR - Ergin, B., & Bozer Özsaraç, E. N. (2017). Regression analysis of value preferences for liking children’s attitude of primary and secondary education teacher candidates. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(19), 134-142. CR - Faiz, M., Körükcü, M., & Karadeniz, O. (2016). The analysis of the relation between social studies and primary school teachers' levels of liking of children and their job satisfaction in terms of diverse variable. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4861-4875. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4204 CR - Fan, D. F. (2015). The research of the relationship between teachers and students in the new mode of physical education. The Open Cybernetics & Systemics Journal, 9(1), 3031-3035. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874110X01509013031 CR - Geisler, T. M. (2017). Examining the socialization of physical education teachers: A case study. The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College. Unpublished Dissertation. CR - Gelbal, S., & Duyan, V., (2010). Examination of variables affecting primary school teachers' state of liking of children. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi-Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 38, 127-137. CR - Gemiksiz, M., Tozoğlu, E., & Dursun, M. (2019). Research on teacher candidates’ level of violence sensitivity towards children in terms of different variables [Öğretmen adaylarının çocuğa yönelik şiddet duyarlık düzeylerinin farklı değişkenler açısından araştırılması]. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(66), 796-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3628 CR - Goebbels, A. F., Nicholson, J. M., Walsh, K., & De Vries, H. (2008). Teachers' reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect: Behaviour and determinants. Health education research, 23(6), 941-951. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn030 CR - Goldstein, L. S., & Lake, V. E. (2000). “Love, love, and more love for children”: Exploring preservice teachers’ understandings of caring. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 861-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00031-7 CR - Griffin, L. M., & Combs, C. S. (2000). Student teachers' perceptions of the role of the physical educator. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 71(4), 42-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2000.10605129 CR - Gülbahçe, A. (2018). Investigation of teachers' violence sensitivity levels towards children according to different variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n12a), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12a.3930 CR - Haubrich, V. F. (1960). The Motives of prospective teachers: Little desire may equal little regard. Journal of Teacher Education, 11(3), 381-386. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248716001100315 CR - Hargreaves, A., & Goodson, I. F. (1996). Teachers’ professional lives: Aspirations and actualities. In I. F. Goodson & A. Hargreaves (Eds.), Teachers’ professional lives (pp. 1–27). London: Falmer Press. CR - Hazzard, A., & Rupp, G. (1986). A note on the knowledge and attitudes of professional groups toward child abuse. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2 <219::AID-JCOP2290140213>3.0.CO;2-T CR - Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Kosterman, R., Abbott, R., & Hill, K. G. (1999). Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153(3), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.153.3.226 CR - Hayes, J. S., W.D. Gouvier, Hilsabeck, R. C., Russell, L., & Hale, D. B. (1998). A validation study of the assessment of dissimulation scale using criminal and civilly committed participants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13(1), 27–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/13.1.27 CR - İlğan, A., Canoğlu, Ö., Karamert, Ö., & Şensoy, Ç. P. (2018). Examining relationship between liking of children level and teaching motivation of teachers [Öğretmenlerin çocuk sevme düzeyleri ile öğretme motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi]. Turkish Studies Educational Sciences, 13(19), 979-1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.13985 CR - James, J. H. (2010). Teachers as mothers in the elementary classroom: Negotiating the needs of self and other. Gender and Education, 22(5), 521-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250903519436 CR - James, J. H. (2012). Caring for “others”: Examining the interplay of mothering and deficit discourses in teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(2), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.09.002 CR - Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491-525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693 CR - Kabaklı Çimen, L. (2015). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin çocuk sevme eğilimlerine etki eden değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(11), 811-830. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8446 CR - Kaynak, B. K., Ergin, B., Arslan, E., & Pınarcık, Ö. (2015). The examination of the relationship between the self-esteem of pre-school teacher candidates and their liking of children. Elementary Education Online, 14(1), 86-96. CR - Küçükali, R. & Kadan, G. (2018). Öğretmen adaylarının insani değerler ve çocuk sevme düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.464979 CR - Kasapoğlu, K., & Akyol, T. (2012). Liking of children as a predictor of attitudes toward children’s rights. The New Educational Review, 28(2), 49-58. http://polona.pl/item/29582843 CR - Kenny, M. C. (2004). Teachers’ attitudes toward and knowledge of child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(12), 1311-1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.06.010 CR - Koca, B., Bektaş, M., & Çağan, Ö. (2019). Determining the sensitivity of university students to violence toward children. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 55(4), 767-772. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12434 CR - Kohl, H. (1984). Growing minds: On becoming a teacher. New York: Harper & Row. CR - Kula, S. S., & Akbulut, Ö. F. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının çocuğa yönelik şiddete ilişkin duyarlıkları ile empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10(3), 917-932. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.658597 CR - Kyriacou, C., Hultgren, Å., & Stephens, P. (1999). Student teachers’ motivation to become a secondary school teacher in England and Norway. Teacher Development, 3(3), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664539900200087 CR - Lasley, T. J. (1980). Preservice teacher beliefs about teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 31(4), 38-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248718003100410 CR - Lloyd, M. (2018). Domestic violence and education: Examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02094 CR - Loui, M. C. (2006). Love, passion, and the amateur teacher. College Teaching, 54(3), 285-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2006.10871058 CR - Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1992). Maltreated children's reports of relatedness to their teachers. New directions for child and adolescent development, 1992(57), 81-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219925707 CR - Marso, R. N. ve Pigge, F. L. (1994). Personal and family characteristics associated with reasons given by teacher candidates for becoming teachers in the 1990’s: Implications for the recruitment of teachers. A paper presented at the annual conference of the Midwestern Educational Research Association. Chicago, October 12-15. CR - McLaughlin, H. J. (1991). Reconciling care and control: Authority in classroom relationships. Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248719104200304 CR - Minor, L. C., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Witcher, A. E., & James, T. L. (2002). Preservice teachers' educational beliefs and their perceptions of characteristics of effective teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 96(2), 116-127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27542420 CR - Ministry of National Education [MoNE]. (2018a). Beden Eğitimi ve Oyun Dersi Öğretim Programı (İlkokul 1, 2, 3 ve 4. Sınıflar). Ankara: Ministry of National Education. CR - Ministry of National Education [MoNE]. (2018b). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıflar). Ankara: Ministry of National Education. CR - Ministry of National Education [MoNE]. (2018c). Ortaöğretim Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersi Öğretim Programı (9, 10, 11 ve 12. Sınıflar). Ankara: Ministry of National Education. CR - O’Connor, K. E. (2008). “You choose to care”: Teachers, emotions and professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(1), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.11.008 CR - O'Donoghue, T. A., Brooker, R., & Purdie, N. (1994). Teachers' caring role: Is it being overlooked in recent school restructuring?.Unicorn (Carlton, Vic), 20(4), 49-58. Retrieved from https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/ielapa.950403397 CR - Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. (1995). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children). 22184 Numbered Official Gazette, Code Number: 94/6423. CR - O’Toole, R., Webster, S. W., O’Toole, A. W., & Lucal, B. (1999). Teachers’ recognition and reporting of child abuse: A factorial survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11), 1083-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00074-5 CR - Owens, L. M., & Ennis, C. D. (2005). The ethic of care in teaching: An overview of supportive literature. Quest, 57(4), 392-425. CR - Özyıldırım, G. (2020). The effect of pre-service teachers’ beliefs in behavior and ınstructional management on their state of liking of children. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 12(1), 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2005.10491864 CR - Özyürek, A. A. (2017). Study on development of a scale on violence sensitivity towards children. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 462-472. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joiss/issue/32387/360227 CR - Papanastasiou, C., & Papanastasiou, E. (1998). What influences students to choose the elementary education major: The case of Cyprus. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 3(1), 35-45. CR - Pigge, F. L. & Marso, R. N. (1988). Cognitive, affective, and personal characteristics associated with motives for entering teacher training. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 5-9, 1988). CR - Pressley, T., Croyle, H., & Edgar, M. (2020). Different approaches to classroom environments based on teacher experience and effectiveness. Psychology in the Schools, 57(4), 606-626. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22341 CR - Przeperski, J., & Owusu, S. A. (2021). Children and the child welfare system: Problems, interventions, and lessons from around the world. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 38, 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00740-5 CR - Quarmby, T., Sandford, R., Green, R., Hooper, O., & Avery, J. (2022). Developing evidence-informed principles for trauma-aware pedagogies in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 440-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1891214 CR - Rogers, D., & Webb, J. (1991). The ethic of caring in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248719104200303 CR - Romar, J. E., & Frisk, A. (2017). The influence of occupational socialization on novice teachers' practical knowledge, confidence and teaching in physical education. Qualitative Research in Education, 6(1), 86-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2017.2222 CR - Sancar, R., & Deryakulu, D. (2020). Learning to teach: Ethnomethodological analysis of pre-service teachers’ instructional decisions [Öğretmeyi öğrenmek: Öğretmen adaylarının öğretimsel kararlarının etnometodolojik çözümlenmesi]. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(3), 1029-1058. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/enad/issue/56216/775159 CR - Schols, M. W., De Ruiter, C., & Öry, F. G. (2013). How do public child healthcare professionals and primary school teachers identify and handle child abuse cases? A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-807 CR - Sherozia, N., & Tskhvaradze, K. (2018). Safe school–safe childhood. Web of Scholar. 6(24), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/12062018/5793 CR - Sinclair, C. (2008). Initial and changing student teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 79-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598660801971658 CR - Spilt, J. L., Koomen, H. M., & Thijs, J. T. (2011). Teacher wellbeing: The importance of teacher–student relationships. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 457-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9170-y CR - Templin, T. J., & Schempp, P. G. (1989). Socialization into physical education: Its heritage and hope. In T.J. Templin & P.G. Schempp (Eds.), Socialization into physical education: Learning to teach (pp. 1–11). Indianapolis, IN: Benchmark. CR - Tuncay, B., & Türkmen, O. O. (2022). Çocuk gelişimi öğrencilerinin çocuk haklarına ilişkin tutumları ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete duyarlılıkları. 3. Uluslararası Akdeniz Pediatri Hemşireliği Kongresi, 12-15 Ekim 2022, Ankara. CR - Turkish Statistical Institute (2021). Statistics on Child 2021. Retrieved from https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/istatistiklerle_cocuk_2021.pdf CR - Türk, R., Kardaş Özdemir, F., & Kerimoğlu Yıldız, G. (2017). Defining teachers’ liking of children: Kars province sample [Öğretmenlerin çocuk sevme durumlarının belirlenmesi: Kars örneği]. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, 7(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2017.045 CR - Ubuz, B., & Sarı, S. (2008). Primary teacher candidates’ reasons for choosing teaching profession [Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğini seçme nedenleri]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0(24), 113-119. CR - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2021). Child Maltreatment 2019. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/research-data-technology/ statistics-research/child-maltreatment CR - Van Manen, M. (1991). The tact of teaching. Ontario, Canada: The Althouse Press. CR - Walls, R. T., Nardi, A. H., von Minden, A. M., & Hoffman, N. (2002). The characteristics of effective and ineffective teachers. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29(1), 39-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23478326 CR - Westman, J. C. (1999). Children's rights, parents' prerogatives, and society's obligations. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 29, 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021301200499 CR - Witcher, A., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (1999). Characteristics of effective teachers: perceptions of preservice teachers. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Point Clear, AL. CR - Witcher, A. E., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Minor, L. C. (2001). Characteristics of effective teachers: Perceptions of preservice teachers. Research in the Schools, 8(2), 45–57. CR - Wolock, I., & Horowitz, B. (1984). Child maltreatment as a social problem: The neglect of neglect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54(4), 530-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01524.x CR - World Health Organization [WHO] (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240004191 CR - Yaylaci, F., & Ilhan, Ö. (2014). Investigation of factors affecting levels of coaches' love of children. International Journal of Social Sciences & Education, 5(1), 116-123. CR - Yazici, Z. (2013). Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çocuk sevme eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 3(2), 279-286. https://doi.org/10.13114/MJH/201322484 CR - Yazici Z. (2014). The examination of pre-school teachers’ towards liking of children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,116, 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.188 CR - Yong, B. C. S. (1995). Teacher trainees' motives for entering into a teaching career in Brunei Darussalam. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11(3), 275-280. CR - Zhang, J. H. (2007). Of mothers and teachers: Roles in a pedagogy of caring. Journal of Moral Education, 36(4), 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240701688051 UR - https://doi.org/10.70007/yalovaspor.1501981 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4009064 ER -