TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mechanical Properties of PLA, PETG, and ABS Samples Printed on a High-Speed 3D Printer
TT  - Yüksek Hızlı 3B Yazıcıda Basılmış PLA, PETG ve ABS Numunelerin Mekanik Özellikleri
AU  - Yılmaz, Musa
AU  - Ekrem, Mürsel
PY  - 2025
DA  - April
Y2  - 2024
JF  - Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi
JO  - NEU Fen Muh Bil Der
PB  - Necmettin Erbakan University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2667-7989
SP  - 161
EP  - 174
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - 3D printing, one of the most popular methods for creating new components through the deposition of material in layers, is used across a wide range of products, particularly in the aerospace and medical fields. 3D printing focuses especially on thermoplastic materials, allowing for the easy production of functionally graded products. The manufacturing parameters used in 3D printing vary, significantly affecting the mechanical properties of the printed items. In this study, PLA, PETG and ABS samples were printed using a high-speed 3D printer in accordance with ASTM standards. Tensile, hardness, surface roughness and water absorption tests were performed to determine the material properties of the produced samples. The results provide a comparative analysis of the most preferred thermoplastic materials (PLA, PETG and ABS) and serve as a production guide for high-speed printing. The maximum stress for PETG specimens was found to be 51.3 MPa, while for PLA it was 48 MPa and for ABS specimens 42.8 MPa. In addition, the average hardness of the top surface of the PETG sample was found to be the highest with 76 Shore A, while 69 Shore A and 63 Shore A values were observed for PLA and ABS samples, respectively. Finally, the roughest surface in the untreated state was obtained in ABS samples with 9.441 Ra and significant improvements in surface quality were observed with sanding processes.
KW  - 3D Printer
KW  - Functional graded material
KW  - ABS
KW  - PLA
KW  - PETG
N2  - Malzemenin katmanlar halinde biriktirilmesi ile yeni bileşenlerin oluşturulmasında en popüler yöntemlerden biri olan 3B baskı başta havacılık ve tıp olmak üzere birçok alanda geniş bir ürün yelpazesi için kullanılmaktadır. 3B baskı özellikle termoplastik malzemelere odaklanmakta ve fonksiyonel dereceli ürünler kolaylıkla üretilebilmektedir. 3B baskıda kullanılan üretim parametreleri, basılan ürünlerin mekanik özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkileyecek şekilde değişiklik gösterir. Bu çalışmada, PLA, PETG ve ABS numuneleri, ASTM standartlarına uygun olarak yüksek hızlı bir 3D yazıcı kullanılarak basılmıştır. Üretilen numunelerin malzeme özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla çekme, sertlik, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve su emilimi testleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, en çok tercih edilen termoplastik malzemelerin (PLA, PETG ve ABS) karşılaştırmalı bir analizini sunmakta ve yüksek hızlı baskı için bir üretim kılavuzu görevi görmektedir. PETG numuneleri için maksimum gerilme 51,3 MPa olarak bulunurken, PLA için bu değer 48 MPa ve ABS numuneleri için 42,8 MPa olmuştur. Ayrıca, PETG numunesinin üst yüzeyinin ortalama sertliği 76 Shore A ile en yüksek olarak belirlenmiş, PLA ve ABS numuneleri için ise sırasıyla 69 Shore A ve 63 Shore A değerleri gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak, işlem görmemiş haliyle en pürüzlü yüzey 9,441 Ra ile ABS numunelerinde elde edilmiştir ve zımparalama işlemleri ile yüzey kalitesinde önemli iyileşmeler gözlemlenmiştir.
CR  - A. Bhatia, A.K. Sehgal, Additive manufacturing materials, methods and applications: A review, Materials Today: Proceedings. 81 (2023), 1060-1067
CR  - M.U. Erdaş, B.S. Yıldız, A.R. Yıldız, Experimental analysis of the effects of different production directions on the mechanical characteristics of ABS, PLA, and PETG materials produced by FDM, Materials Testing. 66 (2024), 198-206. doi:10.1515/mt-2023-0206
CR  - H. Hegab, N. Khanna, N. Monib, A. Salem, Design for sustainable additive manufacturing: A review, Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 35 (2023), e00576
CR  - S. Kumar, Advantage and Disadvantage, içinde: Additive Manufacturing Advantage, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023: ss. 1-60. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34563-0_1
CR  - E. Madenci, Fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş malzeme plakların statik analizinde mikro-mekanik modellerin katkısı, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 5 (2023), 23-37.
CR  - S.F. Iftekar, A. Aabid, A. Amir, M. Baig, Advancements and limitations in 3D printing materials and technologies: a critical review, Polymers. 15 (2023), 2519.
CR  - K.D. Rajesh, N. Ganesh, S.Y.K. Reddy, H. Mishra, T.M.T. Naidu, Experimental research on the mechanical characteristics of fused deposition modelled ABS, PLA and PETG specimens printed in 3D, Materials Today: Proceedings. (2023). doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.343
CR  - K.Q. Nguyen, P.Y. Vuillaume, L. Hu, J. López-Beceiro, P. Cousin, S. Elkoun, M. Robert, Recycled, bio-based, and blended composite materials for 3D printing filament: Pros and cons—A Review, Materials Sciences and Applications. 14 (2023), 148-185.
CR  - D. Gregor-Svetec, Polymers in printing filaments, içinde: Polymers for 3D printing, Elsevier, 2022: ss. 155-269. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818311-3.00002-1
CR  - A. Dey, I.N.R. Eagle, N. Yodo, A review on filament materials for fused filament fabrication. ournal Manufacturing and Materials  Processing 5(3) (2021), 69. doi:10.3390/jmmp5030069
CR  - A.B. Vlasov, S.V. Vlasova, Features of thermal ageing of cables with different type of insulation, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2019: s. 012132. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/560/1/012132
CR  - I. Khan, M. Tariq, M. Abas, M. Shakeel, F. Hira, A.A. Rashid, M. Koç, Parametric investigation and optimisation of mechanical properties of thick tri-material based composite of PLA-PETG-ABS 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication, Composites Part C: Open Access.12 (2023), 100392. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2023.100392
CR  - R. Kumar, H. Sharma, C. Saran, T.S. Tripathy, K.S. Sangwan, C. Herrmann, A comparative study on the life cycle assessment of a 3d printed product with pla, abs & petg materials, Procedia CIRP. 107 (2022). doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2022.04.003
CR  - S. Prajapati, J.K. Sharma, S. Kumar, S. Pandey, M.K. Pandey, A review on comparison of physical and mechanical properties of PLA, ABS, TPU, and PETG manufactured engineering components by using fused deposition modelling, Materials Today: Proceedings. (2024). doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2024.05.018
CR  - S. Bhandari, R.A.L. Anido, D.J. Gardner, Enhancing the interlayer tensile strength of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced PETG and PLA composites via annealing, Additive Manufacturing. 30 (2019), 100922. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.100922
CR  - A. Nazir, J.-Y. Jeng, A high-speed additive manufacturing approach for achieving high printing speed and accuracy, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 234 (2020), 2741-2749. doi:10.1177/0954406219861664
CR  - Y. Kuruoğlu, M. Akgün, H. Demir, FDM yöntemiyle üretilen ABS, PLA VE PETG numunelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve çekme dayanımının modellenmesi ve optimizasyonu, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry. 6 (2022), 358-369. doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.1148923
CR  - F. Kartal, A. Kaptan, Response of PLA material to 3D printing speeds: A comprehensive examination on mechanical properties and production quality, European Mechanical Science. 8 (2024) 137-144. doi:10.26701/ems.1395362
CR  - Y. Kuruoğlu, M. Akgün, H. Demir, Modellıng and optımızatıon of surface roughness and tensıle strength of ABS, PLA AND PETG samples produced by FDM method, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry. 6 (2022). doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.1148923.
CR  - B. Chaudhary, H. Li, H. Matos, Long-term mechanical performance of 3D printed thermoplastics in seawater environments, Results in Materials. 17 (2023), 100381. doi:10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100381
CR  - D. Moreno Nieto, M. Alonso-García, M.-A. Pardo-Vicente, L. Rodríguez-Parada, Product design by additive manufacturing for water environments: Study of degradation and absorption behavior of pla and petg, Polymers. 13 (2021), 1036. doi: 10.3390/polym13071036
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/neufmbd/issue//1516869
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4073520
ER  -