TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Emotional Content Advertisements by Neuromarketing Methods AU - Uyar, Ahmet AU - Fidan, Ugur AU - Er, Büşra AU - Uyar, Kübra PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.30798/makuiibf.1529125 JF - Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty JO - MAKU IIBFD PB - Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University WT - DergiPark SN - 2149-1658 SP - 516 EP - 541 VL - 12 IS - 2 LA - en AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of emotional advertisements on consumers using neuromarketing and traditional research methods. In the study, two emotional advertisements containing elements of sadness and humor were shown to consumers, and their responses to these advertisements were measured. For this purpose, eye tracking, facial expression recognition, galvanic skin response, and recall tests were administered to 34 participants. Additionally, questions related to the advertisements they watched were asked. The data obtained were calculated using SPSS, Excel, and the interfaces of neuromarketing programs. The study included analyses such as frequency and percentage distributions, correlation analysis, t-tests, face coding graphs, heat maps, and consumer attention graphs. The results revealed that emotional advertisements themed around humor and sadness had positive effects on consumers, both advertisements were watched with interest, the interest dropped in certain parts of the advertisements, and the slogans of the advertisements were not sufficiently remembered by the participants. KW - Emotional Advertising KW - Neuromarketing KW - Advertising Effectiveness CR - Agarwal, D., & Nath, S. (2023). What’s real and what’s fake: A study on the use of deep fake technology in advertising. Management Journal for Advanced Research, 3(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.54741/mjar.3.1.3 CR - Agwu, E (2022). Strategic importance of humorous advertisement on consumer purchase decisions. International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy, 13(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJIDE.292492 CR - Akbar, T. A., & El‑Gohary, H. (2021). Brand humour advertisements on a social network platform and their impact on online consumer engagement: The case of Instagram in GCC countries. In Research Anthology on Social Media Advertising and Building Consumer Relationships. IGI Global. https://doi.org/ 10.13140/RG.2.2.24081.76648 CR - Aksoy, S. (2015). A critical analysis of the use of humor in television advertisements [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Akdeniz University. CR - Albert, W., & Tullis, T. S. (2023). Measuring the user experience: Collecting, analyzing, and presenting UX metrics (3rd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann. CR - Anuar, N. N. A., & Isa, S. M. (2022). Consumer emotion – A neuromarketing research. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling (IJEPC), 7(47), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.747004 CR - Anwer, A., Farooq, M., Minhas, S., & Butt, H. R. (2021). The impact of emotional advertising on consumer buying behavior for apparel products in Gujranwala. Revista Geintec-Gestao Inovacao E Tecnologias, 11(4), 5873-5888. https://doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2642 CR - Ateş, S. (2016). The use of emotional appeal in political advertisements: Analysis of advertisements produced by political parties in the June 7, 2015 general elections. Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Communication Electronic Journal, 3(12), 85-103. CR - B2Press (2022, July 20). Duygusal reklamcılık nedir ve nasıl kullanılır? B2Press https://tr.b2press.com/kutuphane/107/duygusal-reklamcilik-nedir-ve-nasil-kullanilir CR - Başaran, Ü., & Yıldız, M. (2022). Analysis of the effects between advertisement engagement, attitude towards advertising, and purchase intention: The mediating role of brand attitude. Turkey Communication Research Journal, 40(1), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.1051482 CR - Becan, C. (2021). Sadness appeal as a social emotion in advertising: Emotion analysis of advertisements published during the pandemic. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 11(4), 1239-1262. https://doi.org/10.7456/11104100/003 CR - Birknerová, Z., Miško, D., Ondrijová, I., & Čigarská, B. N. (2022). Analysis of consumer awareness of neuromarketing. TEM Journal, 11(2), 870-875. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM112-47 CR - Bishop, E. (2014, March 19). Five reasons comedy belongs in advertising. Spinsucks. https://spinsucks.com /marketing / five-reasons-comedy-belongs-in-advertising/ CR - Bou Saada, R., Bou-Hamad, I., & Harajli, D. (2023). Influence of emotional marketing on consumer behavior towards food and beverage brands during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study from Lebanon. Journal of Marketing Communications, 29(8), 822-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2022.2088600 CR - Can, A. (2014). Data analysis in scientific research process with SPSS. Pegem Akademi. CR - Chelsea, L., Ratcliff, R., & Ye, S. (2020). Overcoming resistance through narratives: Findings from a meta-analytic review. Human Communication Research, 46(4), 412-443. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqz017 CR - Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X CR - Derinözlü, E. (2019). The effect of emotional advertising appeals on brand preference in luxury brand communication and an application [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia University. CR - Dinç, E. E. (2018). A practical research on measuring and comparing the sensory and emotional responses of the Turkish people to global and local brands using neuromarketing methods [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Üsküdar University. CR - Dökeroğlu, O. T., & Gökçearslan, A. (2020). An evaluation of the use of humor in print advertising. Journal of Arts, 3(4), 313-332. https://doi.org/10.31566/arts.3.021 CR - Edwards, S. M. (1995). Consumers' attitudes toward advertising and purchase intentions regarding direct response advertisements in a multicultural market [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. California State University. CR - Eisend, M. (2009). A meta-analysis of humor in advertising. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 37, 191-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0096-y CR - Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system (FACS): A technique for the measurement of facial action. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. CR - Farnsworth, B. (2023, December 9). 10 most used eye tracking metrics and terms. iMotions. Imotions. https://imotions.com/blog/learning/10-terms-metrics-eye-tracking/#1-fixations-and-gaze-points CR - Florence, E. S., Fleischman, D., Mulcahy, R., & Wynder, M. (2022). Message framing effects on sustainable consumer behavior: A systematic review and future research directions for social marketing. Journal of Social Marketing, 12(4), 623-652. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-09-2021-0221 CR - Flynn, J. (2023, June 19). 35 + Amazing advertising statistics [2023]: Data + trends. Zippia. https://www.zippia.com/advice/advertising-statistics/ CR - Gartlan, D. (2023, September 12). Emotional advertising: How brands use feelings to get people to buy. Stevens&Tate. https://stevens-tate.com/articles/emotional-advertising/ CR - Gasco, V. (2020, January 20). How heatmaps and eye tracking help to optimize sales. https://blog.saleslayer.com/how-heat-maps-eye-tracking-optimize-sales CR - Gumber, S. (2022). Navras: Reflections of emotions in advertising. Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 3(1), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i1.2022.87 CR - Güz, H., & Atkan, B. (2021). Humor in television advertisements: Semiotic analysis. Kastamonu Communication Research Journal, (7), 27-47. CR - Hashem, T. N., Ali N. N., & Allan, M. (2020). Influence of emotional marketing on brand loyalty among females in the field of cosmetics: Mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Management, 11(9), 1245-1260. CR - He, M., & Li, A. (2016). The impact of sad-spending on emotional recovery process. Psychology, 7(1), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.71010 CR - Hjortsjö, C. H. (1969). Man's Face and Mimic Language. Lund: Studentlitteratur. https://diglib.uibk.ac.at/download/pdf/782346.pdf CR - Hoang, A. T. (2013). Impact of humor in advertising on consumer purchase decision [Unpublished master’s thesis] Saimaa University. CR - Ihsan, R. K., & Junaidi, F. (2022). A content analysis of advertising appeal in free to play mobile game ads. Symposium of Literature Culture and Communication (SYLECTION) 2023, 1(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.12928/sylection.v1i1.11277 CR - Jeon, Y. A., Ryoo, Y., & Yoon, H. J. (2024). Increasing the efficacy of emotional appeal ads on online video-watching platforms: The effects of goals and emotional approach tendency on ad-skipping behavior. Journal of Advertising, 53(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2022.2073299 CR - Josephs, O., Turner, R., & Friston, K. (1997). Event‐related f MRI. Human Brain Mapping, 5(4), 243-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4 <243::AID-HBM7>3.0.CO;2-3 CR - Kamran, Q., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019). The impact of emotional advertising on consumer buying behavior for home appliance products in Pakistan. Business and Management Horizons, 7(1), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v7i1.14410 CR - Kang, I. H., Leliveld, M. C., & Ferraro, R. (2022). The impact of facial emotional expression on the effectiveness of charitable advertisements: The role of sympathy and manipulative intent. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 35(5), e2281. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2281 CR - Kasilingam, D., & Ajitha, S. (2022). Storytelling in advertisements: Understanding the effect of humor and drama on the attitude toward brands. Journal of Brand Management, 29(4), 341-362. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-021-00253-7 CR - Ke, F., Liu, R., Sokolikj, Z., Dahlstrom-Hakki, I., & Israel, M. (2024). Using eye-tracking in education: Review of empirical research and technology. Educational Technology Research and Development, 72, 1383–1418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-024-10342-4 CR - Kemp, E., Chapa, S., & Kopp, S. W. (2013). Regulating emotions in advertising: Examining the effects of sadness and anxiety on hedonic product advertisements. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 34(1), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2013.754719 CR - Kewlani, D., Gulabwani, G., & Purohit, K. (2022). Impact of humor in advertising on consumer purchasing decisions. International Journal of Management Public Policy and Research, 1(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.55829/ijmpr.v1i1.13 CR - Koşar, A., & Tor Kadıoğlu, C. (2020). Türkiye’de nöropazarlama alanındaki lisansüstü tezlerin içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmesi. İksad Yayınevi. CR - Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 394-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010 CR - Kylila, A., & Elgeka, H. W. S. (2024). The dynamic of decision-making: Effect of intertemporal choice on clothing products. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 21(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v21i1.387 CR - Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. CR - Lewandowska, B. (2023). What is AOI? RealEye. https://support.realeye.io/what-is-aoi CR - Lewinski, P., Trzaskowski, R., & Sorokowski, P. (2017). Automated facial coding: Validation of basic emotions classifications in practical applications. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2406. https://doi.org /10.3389 / fpsyg.2017.02406 CR - Li, S. Z., Jain, A. K., Tian, Y. L., Kanade, T., & Cohn, J. F. (2005). Facial expression analysis. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27257-7_12 CR - Mancini, M. (2025). What is the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and how to use it in Neuromarketing. Marco Mancini. https://mancinimarco.com/what-is-the-galvanic-skin-response-gsr-and-how-to-use-it-in-neuromarketing/ CR - McLeod, B. T., Houghton, D. M., & Saavedra, J. L. (2022). Developing a sense of humor: Congruence between humor type and brand personality. Journal of Marketing Development & Competitiveness, 16(4), 34-48. https://doi.org/10.33423/jmdc.v16i4.5751 CR - Mishra, R., & Patil, D. Y. (2023). A study on the impact of emotional advertising in the 21st century. CEMJP, 31(1), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.57030/23364890.cemj.31.1.8 CR - Muhammad, R., Ali, A., Anwar, M. A., Soomro, T. A., AlShorman, O., Alshahrani, A., Masadeh, M., Ashraf, G. M., Ali, N. H., Irfan, M., Alexiou, A. T. (2023). Design and development of low-cost wearable electroencephalograms (EEG) headset. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 35(3), 2821-2835. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.026279 CR - Naidu, C. (2023). Impact of emotional advertising on consumer purchase buying behavior in Delhi/NCR. International Journal of Financial Management and Economics, 6(1), 201–205. CR - Nummenmaa, L., Hyönä, J., & Calvo, M. G. (2014). Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures. Emotion, 6(2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.257 CR - O'Hara, B. J., Owen, K. B., Bauman, A. E., Dunlop, S., Phongsavan, P., Furestad, E., Nicola, S., & Freeman, B. (2023). Hope and sadness: Balancing emotions in tobacco control mass media campaigns aimed at smokers. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 34(4), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.683 CR - Otamendi, F. J., & Sutil Martín, D. L. (2020). The emotional effectiveness of advertisement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2088. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02088 CR - Panthen, M., & Germelmann, C. C. (2023). Marketing and the commercialization of emotions. In Marketing and the Commercialization of Emotions. De Gruyter Brill. https://doi.org/ 10.30965 /9783657795795_002 CR - Pirus, M. S. M., & Zulqahar, S. Y. (2018). The understanding of sad appeal in emotional advertisement among audiences in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 34(4), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2018-3404-19 CR - Pluta-Olearnik, M., & Szulga, P. (2022). The importance of emotions in consumer purchase decisions—A neuromarketing approach. Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, 44(2), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.2478/minib-2022-0010 CR - Qutp, M. M., Abodonia, S. H., & El Sharkawy, A. Z. (2022). The emotional communication effectiveness of advertising on consumer behavior. International Design Journal, 12(6), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.21608/idj.2022.267603 CR - RealEye (2024). RealEye accuracy on computers. RealEye. https://support.realeye.io/realeye-accuracy?utm_source=chatgpt.com CR - Satapathy, C., Gokhale, H., Syed, A. Z., & Nersisson, R. (2024). Galvanic skin response based stress level detection using supervised machine learning approach. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2966, No. 1). AIP Publishing. CR - Septianto, F. (2021). Anxiety, sadness, and emotion specificity: The role of music in consumer emotion and advertisement evaluation. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 5(2). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/amj/vol5/iss2/2/ CR - Şenduran, F. (2019). The use of eye-tracking system (Eye Tracker) in sports science: A guide for new researchers. Ankara University Faculty of Sports Sciences SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.528980 CR - Solak, B. B. (2017). Using humor and humorous characters in Tv Ads: Analysis on bank commercials. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Akdeniz University. CR - Soti, R. (2022). The impact of advertising on consumer behavior. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 14(3), 706-711. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.3.0577 CR - Statista. (2024). Global advertising spending from 2000 to 2024. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/236943/global-advertising-spending/ CR - Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. CR - Tekeli, Y., (2017). The role of humor as an advertising appeal in the consumer purchasing decision process. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University. CR - Toker, A., & Sulak, H. (2020). A study on the types of appeals used in commercial advertisements and their effects on consumers. Suleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 11(Special Issue), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.727107 CR - Weber, I. (2024). Eleven effective emotional advertising examples brands are using. Creatopy. https://www.creatopy.com/blog/emotional-advertising-examples/?utm_source=chatgpt.com CR - Wedel, M., & Pieters, R. (2008). Eye tracking for visual marketing. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 1(4), 231-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1700000011 CR - Xavier, L. (2023, May 15). Beyond logic. How emotions drive our buying decisions. Linkedin. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/beyond-logic-how-emotions-drive-our-buying-decisions-ludymilla-xavier/ CR - Yang, Q. (2022). How sadness in narrative advertising influences brand attitude and purchase intention of audiences [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Texas at Austin. CR - Yiğit, M. G. (2020). The role of dissociation and rumination in the formation of intrusive memories [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ankara University. CR - Yıldız D, & Uzunsakal E. (2018). Comparison of reliability tests in field research and an application on agricultural data. Applied Social Sciences Journal. 2(1), 14-28. CR - Yıldız, S., & Uztuğ, F. (2017). The effects of absurdity in advertising on attitude and recall towards the advertisement. Karadeniz Technical University E-Journal of Faculty of Communication. 7(1), 96-117. UR - https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1529125 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4126579 ER -