TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Perceived Service Quality on Brand Loyalty: The Case of 5 Star Hotels in Tourism Sector TT - Algılanan Hizmet Kalitesinin Marka Sadakati Üzerine Etkisi: Turizm Sektörü 5 Yıldızlı Oteller Örneği AU - Özcan, Ali AU - Pehlivan, Begüm AU - Erkasap, Ahmet PY - 2024 DA - September Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.54821/uiecd.1532249 JF - International Journal of Business and Economic Studies JO - BES JOURNAL PB - Mesut DOĞAN WT - DergiPark SN - 2718-0247 SP - 197 EP - 213 VL - 6 IS - 3 LA - en AB - This study aims to examine the attitudes towards brand loyalty based on the perceived service quality of guests staying in 5-star hotels in the tourism sector. The sample consists of 204 male and female participants who stayed in a 5-star hotel in Istanbul. The study evaluates how the dimensions of perceived service quality-namely tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy-affect brand loyalty among hotel guests. Quantitative methods were used to measure perceived service quality and brand loyalty using questionnaires. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to evaluate the data. The findings reveal that there is a significant positive correlation between perceived service quality and brand loyalty. Specifically, higher perceived service quality increases customer satisfaction, which in turn improves brand loyalty. The results emphasize the importance for hotel management to focus on improving service quality to ensure stronger customer loyalty. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the relationship between service quality and brand loyalty in the context of the luxury hotel industry in Istanbul and offers practical implications for hotel managers aiming to increase customer retention and loyalty. KW - Perceived Service Quality KW - Brand Loyalty KW - Tourism Industry KW - 5-Star Hotels KW - Customer Satisfaction N2 - Bu çalışma, turizm sektöründe 5 yıldızlı otellerde konaklayan misafirlerin algıladıkları hizmet kalitesine dayalı olarak marka sadakatine yönelik tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Örneklem, İstanbul'da bir 5 yıldızlı otelde konaklayan 204 erkek ve kadın katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma, algılanan hizmet kalitesinin boyutları olan fiziki unsurlar, güvenilirlik, yanıt verebilirlik, güvence ve empati unsurlarının otel misafirleri arasındaki marka sadakatini nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmektedir. Anketler kullanılarak algılanan hizmet kalitesi ve marka sadakati ölçülmüş ve nicel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde betimleyici istatistikler, keşifsel faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi gibi istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular, algılanan hizmet kalitesi ile marka sadakati arasında anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle, daha yüksek algılanan hizmet kalitesi müşteri memnuniyetini artırmakta ve bu da marka sadakatini geliştirmektedir. Sonuçlar, otel yönetimlerinin müşteri sadakatini güçlendirmek için hizmet kalitesini iyileştirmeye odaklanmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, İstanbul'daki lüks otelcilik sektöründe hizmet kalitesi ile marka sadakati arasındaki ilişkiye dair literatüre katkı sağlamakta ve otel yöneticilerine müşteri bağlılığını ve sadakatini artırmaya yönelik pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. CR - Ali, F., Hussain, K., & Ragavan, N. A. (2022). Exploring the influence of service quality on customer loyalty in low-cost airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 100, 102113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102113 CR - Ali, M., & Raza, S. A. (2017). Service quality perception and customer satisfaction in Islamic banks in Pakistan: The modified SERVQUAL model. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(5-6), 559-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1100517 CR - An, M., Lee, C., & Noh, Y. (2019). Examining the moderating effect of service type on the relationship between customer participation and service quality. Journal of Services Marketing, 33(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2017-0284 CR - Bakan, İ., Erşahan, B., Kefe, İ., & Bayat, M. (2011). Kamu ve özel hastanelerde tedavi gören hastaların sağlıkta hizmet kalitesine ilişkin algılamaları. Kahramanmaraş Üniversitesi İİBFD, 1(2), 1-26. CR - Berry, L. L., Carbone, L. P., & Haeckel, S. H. (2002). Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), 85-89. CR - Bharwani, S., & Jauhari, V. (2017). Employee behavior as antecedent to service experience in luxury hotels. Journal of Services Marketing, 31(6), 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-02-2017-0059 CR - Bloemer, J. M. M., Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (1999). Linking perceived service quality and service loyalty: A multi-dimensional perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 33(11/12), 1082-1106. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569910292285 CR - Bolton, R. N., & Mattila, A. S. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility affect customer responses to service failure in buyer-seller relationships? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.10.009 CR - Bolton, R. N., Gustafsson, A., McColl-Kennedy, J. R., Sirianni, N. J., & Tse, D. K. (2018). Customer experience challenges: Bringing together digital, physical, and social realms. Journal of Service Management, 29(5), 776-808. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-04-2018-0113 CR - Brady, M. K., Cronin, J. J., & Brand, R. R. (2002). Performance-only measurement of service quality: A replication and extension. Journal of Business Research, 55(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00171-5 CR - Chen, S. C., Chen, H. H., & Tsai, K. C. (2020). The relationship between service quality, corporate image, and customer loyalty in the retail sector. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102113 CR - Chiang, C.-F., & Wu, K.-P. (2020). The influence of employees' enthusiasm on customer participation in the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.02.003 CR - Chua, B. L., Othman, M., Boo, H. C., Abkarim, M. S., & Ramachandran, S. (2018). SERVQUAL: An extension to capture employee perceptions in hospitality industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 487-498. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i1/3839 CR - Çiçek, R., & Doğan, İ. C. (2009). Müşteri memnuniyetinin artırılmasında hizmet kalitesinin ölçülmesine yönelik bir araştırma: Niğde ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 11(1), 199-217. CR - Çilingir, Z., & Yıldız, S. (2010). Tüketicilerin ürünlere olan ilgilenimimin marka sadakati üzerindeki etkisi: Sembolik nitelikteki bir ürün grubu için İstanbul ili pilot çalışması. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 79-100. CR - Cronin, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension. Journal of Marketing, 56, 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600304 CR - Cronin, J., & Taylor, S. A. (1994). Servperf versus Servqual: Reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 125-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800110 CR - Crosby, L. A., & Johnson, S. L. (2019). Building and maintaining trust in the digital era. Business Horizons, 62(3), 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.01.007 CR - Dalgıç, A. (2013). Hizmet sektöründe hizmet kalitesinin ölçümü ve hizmet kalitesini etkileyen faktörler (Master's thesis). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın. CR - De Barros, C., & Gonçalves, L. (2009). Investigating individual satisfaction in health and fitness training centres. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(4), 384-395. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2009.022454 CR - Devrani Korkmaz, T. (2009). Marka sadakati öncülleri: Çalışan kadınların kozmetik ürün tüketimi üzerine bir çalışma. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 407-421. CR - Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394222001 CR - Erdoğan, F. (2014). Marka değerinin müşteri sadakatine etkisi ve zincir kahve dükkânları üzerine bir saha çalışması (Master's thesis). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. CR - Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, I., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223. CR - Erkut, H. (1995). Hizmet kalitesi. İstanbul: Interbank Yayını. CR - Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: An investigation of university students' travel behaviour. Tourism Management, 27(3), 437-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.002 CR - Geçen, E. (2011). Düşük maliyetli havayolu işletmelerinde hizmet kalitesinin marka tercihi ve müşteri sadakati üzerindeki etkisi (Master's thesis). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. CR - Gopalakrishnan, S., Sakthivel, M., & Subramaniam, V. (2021). Service quality and its impact on customer loyalty in the retail sector. Retail and Marketing Review, 17(2), 135-148. CR - Grönroos, C. (2015). Service management and marketing. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. CR - Hallberg, G. (2004). Is your loyalty programme really building loyalty? Why increasing emotional attachment, not just repeat buying, is key to maximizing programme success. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 12(3), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740119 CR - Hameed, W. U., Basheer, M. F., & Hussain, I. (2022). Customer loyalty in the retail industry: Analyzing the impact of service quality. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102785 CR - Hollebeek, L. D., Srivastava, R. K., & Chen, T. (2021). S-D logic–informed customer engagement: Integrative framework, revised fundamental propositions, and application to CRM. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(2), 160-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00757-1 CR - Iglesias, O., Singh, J. J., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2011). The role of brand experience and affective commitment in determining brand loyalty. Brand Management, 18(8), 570-582. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2011.55 CR - Ismail, A. R., Melewar, T. C., Lim, L., & Woodside, A. (2011). Customer experiences with brands: Literature review and research directions. The Marketing Review, 11(3), 205-225. https://doi.org/10.1362/146934711X589435 CR - Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand loyalty: Measurement and management. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. CR - Kang, G.-D. (2005). The hierarchical structure of service quality: Integration of technical and functional quality. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 22(9), 913-949. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710510625211 CR - Karadeniz, M., & Demirkan, G. (2015). Perakende mağazacılık sektöründe hizmet kalitesinin marka sadakati üzerine etkisi: Bir araştırma. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 245-262. CR - Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nicel-nitel-karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. CR - Kavuncubaşı, Ş. (2000). Hastane ve sağlık kurumları yönetimi. Ankara: Siyaset Kitabevi. CR - Kaya, A. (2015). Tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarında marka sadakati, marka imajı ve kalite algılamaları: Beyaz eşya sektöründe bir uygulama (Master's thesis). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gümüşhane. CR - Khan, I., Rahman, Z., & Fatma, M. (2021). The role of customer experience in driving brand loyalty: A holistic view. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102423 CR - Klaus, P., & Maklan, S. (2013). Towards a better measure of customer experience. International Journal of Market Research, 55(2), 227-246. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJMR-2013-021 CR - Koçbek, A. D. (2005). Yiyecek içecek sektöründe hizmet kalitesi ve müşteri memnuniyeti: Etnik restoranlara yönelik bir araştırma (Master's thesis). Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir. CR - Konya, Ü. (1998). Bilgi kütüphane araştırmaları. Kütüphanecilik Dergisi, 6. CR - Koparal, C. (1997). Yönetim ve organizasyon. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 951. CR - Kouthouris, C., & Alexandris, K. (2005). Can service quality predict customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the sport tourism industry? An application of the SERVQUAL model in an outdoors setting. Journal of Sports Tourism, 10(2), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080500223267 CR - Kumar, V., & Shah, D. (2018). Conceptualizing employee enthusiasm as a form of customer engagement behavior. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 158-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517746772 CR - Kumar, V., & Shah, D. (2020). Creating enduring customer value. Journal of Marketing, 84(1), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242919871855 CR - Le, H., & Shao, Z. (2023). The interplay of brand image, perceived quality, and customer loyalty: A case study of the white goods sector. Journal of Business Research, 148, 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.09.040 CR - Lee, G., & Hyun, S. S. (2016). A model of value-creating practices, trust, and loyalty in the airline industry. Service Business, 10(3), 447-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-015-0288-5 CR - Lee, S., Lee, D., & Ahn, H. (2017). Trust in e-commerce: Enhancing customer trust in internet banking. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 18(3), 169-179. CR - Lemon, K. N., & Verhoef, P. C. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0420 CR - Liu, X., & Brock, J. (2019). Perceived quality, brand image, and brand loyalty: An integrated model and implications for retailers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.04.001 CR - Maheshwari, V., & Lodorfos, G. (2014a). Customer experience: From conceptualization to empirical investigation. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(13-14), 1259-1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2014.926962 CR - Maheshwari, V., Lodorfos, G., & Jacobsen, S. (2014b). Determinants of brand loyalty: A study of the experience-commitment-loyalty constructs. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(6), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v5n6p13 CR - McColl-Kennedy, J. R., Zaki, M., Lemon, K. N., Urmetzer, F., & Neely, A. (2019). Gaining customer experience insights that matter. Journal of Service Research, 22(1), 8-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670518812182 CR - Mende, M., Scott, M. L., & Bolton, R. N. (2019). Regaining customer trust following a double deviation. Journal of Service Research, 22(3), 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835312 CR - Mercer, S. W., & Reynolds, W. J. (2002). Empathy and quality of care. British Journal of General Practice, 52(Suppl), S9-S13. CR - Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302 CR - Nadiri, H., & Tümer, M. (2007). Perakendecilik alanında hizmet kalitesini ölçmeye yönelik bir saha çalışması: Lemar Perakende Zincir Mağazaları Kuzey Kıbrıs örneği. 12. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, 18-20 Ekim Sakarya, 299-320. CR - Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (1998). The mediating role of corporate image on customers' retention decisions: An investigation in financial services. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16(2), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652329810206707 CR - Nguyen, N., Nisar, T. M., Knox, D., & Prabhakar, G. (2021). Understanding customer perception of service quality in a multi-channel context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102351 CR - Okumuş, A., & Duygun, A. (2008). Eğitim hizmetlerinin pazarlanmasında hizmet kalitesinin ölçümü ve algılanan hizmet kalitesi ile öğrenci memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 17-38. CR - Olsen, M. D., Tse, E. C., & West, J. J. (1998). Strategic management in the hospital industry. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. CR - Onkvisit, S., & Shaw, J. (1989). Service marketing: Image branding and competition. Business Horizons, 32(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(89)80005-9 CR - Pappu, R., & Quester, P. (2006). Does customer satisfaction lead to improved brand equity? An empirical examination of two categories of retail brands. The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 15(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420610650837 CR - Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900403 CR - Park, J.-W., Lee, H. S., & Jang, J. (2021). The effects of service quality and perceived value on behavioral intentions in the airline industry. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(6), 556-571. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1952415 CR - Price, L. L., Arnould, E. J., & Tierney, P. (1995). Going to extremes: Managing service encounters and assessing provider performance. Journal of Marketing, 59(April), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900107 CR - Ranaweera, C., & Sigala, M. (2015). Building customer trust in internet retailing: A relational approach. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 23(1), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2015.1002333 CR - Sarıyer, N. (1996). Belediye hizmet pazarlaması (Master's thesis). Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri. CR - Sevimli, S. (2006). Hizmet sektöründe kalite ve hizmet kalitesi ölçümü üzerine bir araştırma (Master's thesis). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir. CR - Sivadas, E., & Baker-Prewitt, J. L. (2000). An examination of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and store loyalty. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 28(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550010315223 CR - Snoj, B., Alexandra, P. K., & Mumel, D. (2004). The relation among perceived quality, perceived risk, and perceived product value. The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13(2/3), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420410538050 CR - Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (4th ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CR - Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53-55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd CR - Taylor, S. A., & Baker, T. L. (1994). An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of consumers' purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 70, 163-178. CR - Üner, M. (1994). Pazarlama Dünyası. Ankara: Özkan Yayıncılık. CR - Uzunçakmak, M. (2021). Şehir hastanelerinde hizmet kalitesi ve hizmet kalitesinin Servqual yöntemi ile ölçülmesine yönelik bir uygulama (Master's thesis). Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Ankara. CR - Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2016). Institutions and axioms: An extension and update of service-dominant logic. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0456-3 CR - Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Qi Dong, J., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation and customer experience: The service ecosystem perspective. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.025 CR - Wang, Y., Chen, C., & Chen, L. (2022). Exploring the role of perceived quality in brand loyalty development. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 39(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2020-4140 CR - Wang, Y., Lo, H.-P., Chi, R., & Yang, Y. (2004). An integrated framework for service quality, customer value, satisfaction: Evidence from China's telecommunication industry. Information Systems Frontiers, 6(4), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ISFI.0000046375.72759.7a CR - Yang, W., & Rahman, Z. (2022). The impact of loyalty programs on customer loyalty and repurchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102780 CR - Yılmaz, V., & Çatalbaş, G. (2007). Kredi kartlarına ilişkin algının müşteri memnuniyeti ve sadakati üzerine etkisi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44(513), 83-94. CR - Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016 CR - Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203 CR - Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40. CR - Zhang, X. (2019). Research on the influence factors of brand experience on consumers’ brand loyalty. Open Journal of Business and Management, 7(2), 556-571. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72038 CR - Živadinović, K. N. (2004). Utvrđivanje osnovnih karakteristika proizvoda primjenom faktorske analize [Defining the basic product attributes using the factor analysis]. Ekonomski pregled, 55, 952-966. UR - https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1532249 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4140633 ER -