TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Moderating Role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in the Relationship Between Impulsiveness and Problematic Smartphone Usage
TT  - Dürtüsellik ve Problematik Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişkide Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusunun Düzenleyici Rolü
AU  - Kavaklı, Mehmet
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.55590/literatureandhumanities.1541364
JF  - Edebiyat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi
PB  - Ataturk University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2822-4779
SP  - 242
EP  - 250
IS  - 74
LA  - en
AB  - Problematic smartphone usage (PSU) and smartphone addiction are increasing every day. Although the relationship between impulsiveness and PSU has been widely investigated, knowledge on the development of PSU and its relation with other variables such as Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is limited. Therefore, a moderation model was created in this study to evaluate the relationship between PSU, impulsiveness, and FoMO. The study sample was composed of 684 students studying at four different state universities in Türkiye. Data was gathered with a demographic information form, FoMO Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short-Form, and Smartphone Addiction Scale Short-Form. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship among the variables. The results showed that PSU was positively correlated with FoMO and impulsiveness. Moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between impulsiveness and PSU was moderated by FoMO, suggesting that PSU is not influenced solely by impulsiveness; rather, FoMO is a moderator variable in the relationship.
KW  - Problematic Smartphone Usage
KW  - Impulsiveness
KW  - Fomo
KW  - Smartphone Addiction
N2  - Problematik akıllı telefon kullanımı ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Dürtüsellik ve problematik akıllı telefon kullanımı arasındaki ilişki birçok araştırma tarafından incelenmiş olmasına rağmen, problematik akıllı telefon kullanımının gelişimi ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu gibi üçüncül değişkenlerle ilişkisini ele alan araştırma sayısı oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu nedenle bu araştırma kapsamında problematik akıllı telefon kullanımı, dürtüsellik ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla moderator modeli kurulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de dört farklı devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama amacıyla demografik bilgi formu, Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Ölçeği, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak amacıyla korelasyon analizleri yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar problematik akıllı telefon kullanımının gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve dürtüsellik ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Düzenleyici değişken analizi sonuçları gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun dürtüsellik ve problematik akıllı telefon kullanımı arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici rolünün olduğunu göstermiştir.
CR  - Afdilah, I. H., Hidayah, N., & Lasan, B. B. (2020). Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in Analysis of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). October, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201204.040
CR  - Alinejad, V., Parizad, N., Yarmohammadi, M., & Radfar, M. (2022). Loneliness and academic performance mediates the relationship between fear of missing out and smartphone addiction among Iranian university students. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04186-6
CR  - Barratt, E. S. (1959). Relationship of psychomotor tests and EEG variables at three developmental levels. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 9(1), 63-66. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1959.9.g.63
CR  - Braddock, K. H., Dillard, J. P., Voigt, D. C., Stephenson, M. T., Sopory, P., & Anderson, J. W. (2011). Impulsivity partially mediates the relationship between BIS/BAS and risky health behaviors. Journal of Personality, 79(4), 793-810. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00699.x
CR  - Cho, G. Y., & Kim, Y. H. (2014). Factors affecting smartphone addiction among university students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 15(3), 1632-1640. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.3.1632
CR  - Choi, J. S., Park, S. M., Roh, M. S., Lee, J. Y., Park, C. B., Hwang, J. Y., ... & Jung, H. Y. (2014). Dysfunctional inhibitory control and impulsivity in Internet addiction. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 424-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.001
CR  - Collado, A., Felton, J. W., MacPherson, L., & Lejuez, C. W. (2014). Longitudinal trajectories of sensation seeking, risk taking propensity, and impulsivity across early to middle adolescence. Addictive Behaviors, 39(11), 1580-1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.024
CR  - Dalbudak, E., Evren, C., Topcu, M., Aldemir, S., Coskun, K. S., Bozkurt, M., ... & Canbal, M. (2013). Relationship of Internet addiction with impulsivity and severity of psychopathology among Turkish university students.
CR  - Psychiatry Research, 210(3), 1086-1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.014
CR  - Dempsey, A. E., O’Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F., & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150
CR  - Fitri, H. U., Azizah, I. M., & Suryati, S. (2024). The effectiveness of group counseling cognitive restructuring techniques to reduce fear of missing out (FOMO) in adolescent social media users in bayung lencir. Counsenesia Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 5(2), 218-227. https://doi.org/10.36728/cijgc.v5i2.3383
CR  - Gökler, M. E., Aydın, R., Ünal, E., & Metintaş, S. (2016). Sosyal ortamlarda gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.195843
CR  - Grant, J. E., Lust, K., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.32
CR  - Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249-266.
CR  - Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939008410799
CR  - Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
CR  - Hwang, K. H., Yoo, Y. S., & Cho, O. H. (2012). Smartphone overuse and upper extremity pain, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal relationships among college students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 12(10), 365-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.10.365
CR  - Jo, H. S., Na, E., & Kim, D. J. (2018). The relationship between smartphone addiction predisposition and impulsivity among Korean smartphone users. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1312356
CR  - Kayiş, A. R. (2022). Mindfulness, impulsivity and psychological distress: the mediation role of smartphone addiction. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(5), 791-804. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2022.2046255
CR  - Kim, S. M., Huh, H. J., Cho, H., Kwon, M., Choi, J. H., Ahn, H. J., ... & Kim, Y. J. (2014). The effect of depression, impulsivity, and resilience on smartphone addiction in university students. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 53(4), 214-220. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.4.214
CR  - King, A. L. S., Valenca, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025
CR  - Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS One, 8(12), e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
CR  - Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Mei, S., & Niu, Z. (2020a). Fear of missing out and smartphone addiction mediates the relationship between positive and negative affect and sleep quality among Chinese university students. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 877. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00877
CR  - Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Mei, S., & Niu, Z. (2021). The mediating role of impulsivity and the moderating role of gender between fear of missing out and gaming disorder among a sample of Chinese university students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(8), 550-557. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0283
CR  - Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Niu, Z., & Mei, S. (2020b). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and gaming disorder among Chinese university students: Impulsivity and game time as mediators. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 41(12), 1104-1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1774018
CR  - Li, L., Niu, Z., Mei, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). A network analysis approach to the relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), smartphone addiction, and social networking site use among a sample of Chinese university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107086
Loree, A. M., Lundahl, L. H., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2015). Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: Review and synthesis. Drug and Alcohol Review, 34(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12132
CR  - Matar Boumosleh, J., & Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study. PloS One, 12(8), e0182239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
CR  - Noyan, C. O., Enez Darçın, A., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerindeTürkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16 (Özel sayı:1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.176101
CR  - Özteke-Kozan, H. İ., Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., & Kesici, Ş. (2019). Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, genel aidiyet ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkilerin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(4), 2152-2159. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.87587
CR  - Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6 <768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1
CR  - Pérez de Albéniz Garrote, G., Rubio, L., Medina Gómez, B., & Buedo-Guirado, C. (2021). Smartphone abuse amongst adolescents: the role of impulsivity and sensation seeking. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 746626. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746626
CR  - Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
CR  - Ratan, Z. A., Parrish, A. M., Zaman, S. B., Alotaibi, M. S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). Smartphone addiction and associated health outcomes in adult populations: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212257
CR  - Ravert, R. D., & Donnellan, M. B. (2021). Impulsivity and sensation seeking: differing associations with psychological well-being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(4), 1503-1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09829-y
CR  - Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
CR  - Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. (2006). The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion, 30(4), 344-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8
CR  - Spinella, M. (2007). Normative data and a short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. International Journal of Neuroscience, 117(3), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450600588881
CR  - Statista (2024). https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1143723/smartphone-users-in-the-world
Şişman, S. (2012). Davranışsal inhibisyon sistemi/davranışsal aktivasyon sistemi ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 32(2), 1-22.
CR  - Tamam, L., Güleç, H., & Karatas, G. (2013). Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçegi Kisa Formu (BIS-11-KF) Türkçe Uyarlama Çalismasi/Short Form of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF) Turkish Adaptation Study. Noro-Psikyatri Arsivi, 50(2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6296
CR  - Tao, Y., Tang, Q., Zou, X., Wang, S., Ma, Z., Zhang, L., & Liu, X. (2023). Effects of attention to negative information on the bidirectional relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), depression and smartphone addiction among secondary school students: Evidence from a two-wave moderation network analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 148, 107920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107920
CR  - Wan Ismail, W. S., Sim, S. T., Tan, K. A., Bahar, N., Ibrahim, N., Mahadevan, R., ... & Abdul Aziz, M. (2020). The relations of internet and smartphone addictions to depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(4), 949-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12517
UR  - https://doi.org/10.55590/literatureandhumanities.1541364
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4181207
ER  -