TY  - JOUR
T1  - The serial mediation role of mindfulness and regret elements between social connectedness and mental well-being
TT  - Bilinçli farkındalık ve pişmanlık unsurlarının sosyal bağlılık ve mental iyi oluş arasındaki seri aracılık rolü
AU  - Erdinç, Beste
AU  - Akyıl, Yusuf
AU  - Akçıl, Süleyman
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.31795/baunsobed.1549884
JF  - Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
JO  - BAUNSOBED
PB  - Balıkesir University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1301-5265
SP  - 45
EP  - 58
VL  - 28
IS  - 53
LA  - en
AB  - Humans require a sense of belonging in order to function socially. In this context, consider the concept of social connectedness. Individuals feel better when they know they are not alone and are understood through social connections. Individuals must maintain a high level of well-being in order to function and cope with life's challenges. Mindfulness is beneficial in the context of psychological functioning, and negative emotions such as regret can have a significant impact on overall wellbeing. From this perspective, the current study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and regret as mediators in the relationship between social connectedness and mental well-being. This is the first study to investigate the relationships between these variables. Data were gathered through the voluntary participation of 84 male and 292 female university students. The mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research discovered that mindfulness and regret served as serial mediators of social connectedness and mental well-being. According to the model, social connectedness promotes mental health and mindfulness while reducing regret. Individuals who are socially connected are mindful and do not have regrets, so we can be optimistic about their mental health and the benefits it brings to them.
KW  - mindfulness
KW  - regret elements
KW  - social connectedness
KW  - well-being
N2  - İnsanlar sosyal olarak işlev görebilmek için bir aidiyet duygusuna ihtiyaç duyarlar. Bu bağlamda, sosyal bağlılık kavramını ele alabiliriz. Bireyler yalnız olmadıklarını ve sosyal bağlar aracılığıyla anlaşıldıklarını bildiklerinde kendilerini daha iyi hissederler. Bireylerin işlevlerini yerine getirebilmeleri ve hayatın zorluklarıyla baş edebilmeleri için yüksek düzeyde iyi oluşu sürdürmeleri gerekir. Bilinçli farkındalık psikolojik işlevsellik açısından faydalıdır ve pişmanlık gibi olumsuz duygular genel iyi oluş üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Bu bakış açısıyla, mevcut çalışma sosyal bağlılık ve mental iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide bilinçli farkındalık ve pişmanlığın aracı rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışma, bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri araştıran ilk çalışmadır. Veriler 84 erkek ve 292 kadın üniversite öğrencisinin gönüllü katılımıyla toplanmıştır. Aracılık analizi yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, bilinçli farkındalık ve pişmanlığın, sosyal bağlılık ve zihinsel iyi oluşun seri aracıları olarak hizmet ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Modele göre, sosyal bağlılık pişmanlığı azaltmanın yanı sıra ruh sağlığını ve farkındalığı da desteklemektedir. Sosyal olarak bağlı olan bireyler farkındalık sahibidir ve pişmanlık duymazlar, bu nedenle zihinsel sağlıkları ve bunun onlara getirdiği faydalar konusunda bu konuda umutlu olabiliriz.
CR  - Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52(3), 317-332.
CR  - Aktu, Y. (2023). The adaptation of the regret elements scale to Turkish culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 13(70), 372-387. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1301365.8
CR  - Arslan, G. (2018). Psychological maltreatment, social acceptance, social connectedness, and subjective well-being in adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19, 983-1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9856-z
CR  - Baker, H. S., & Baker, M. N. (1987). Heinz Kohut's self psychology: An overview. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.1.1
CR  - Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
CR  - Borawski, D., Siudak, A., Pawelec, A., Rozpara, B., & Zawada, M. (2021). The interplay between loneliness, mindfulness, and presence of meaning. Does search for meaning matter?. Personality and individual differences, 172, 110580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110580
CR  - Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
CR  - Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
CR  - Buchanan, J., Summerville, A., Lehmann, J., & Reb, J. (2016). The Regret Elements Scale: Distinguishing the affective and cognitive components of regret. Judgment and Decision making, 11(3), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500003107
CR  - Chen, Y., & Feeley, T. H. (2014). Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults: An analysis of the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513488728
CR  - Cohen, J. S., & Miller, L. J. (2009). Interpersonal mindfulness training for well-being: A pilot study with psychology graduate students. Teachers College Record, 111(12), 2760-2774. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911101202
CR  - Conner, K. R., Wyman, P., Goldston, D. B., Bossarte, R. M., Lu, N., Kaukeinen, K., Tu, X. M., Houston, R. J., Lamis, D. A.,
CR  - Chan, G., Bucholz, K. K., & Hesselbrock, V. M. (2016). Two studies of connectedness to parents and suicidal thoughts and behavior in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.952009
CR  - Cusatis, R. N., Tecca, H. R., D’Souza, A., Shaw, B. E., & Flynn, K. E. (2020). Prevalence of decisional regret among patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and associations with quality of life and clinical outcomes. Cancer, 126(11), 2679-2686. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32808
CR  - Crego, A., Yela, J. R., Gómez-Martínez, M. Á., & Karim, A. A. (2020). The contribution of meaningfulness and mindfulness to psychological well-being and mental health: A structural equation model. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(8), 2827-2850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00201-y
CR  - Demirtaş, A. S., & Baytemir, K. (2019). Warwick-edinburgh mental iyi oluş ölçeği kisa formu’nun türkçe’ye uyarlanmasi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(70), 689-701. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.432708
CR  - Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
CR  - Duru, E. (2007). Sosyal Bağlılık Ölçeği'nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER), 26.
CR  - Emerson, E., Fortune, N., Llewellyn, G., & Stancliffe, R. (2021). Loneliness, social support, social isolation and wellbeing among working age adults with and without disability: Cross-sectional study. Disability and Health Journal, 14(1), 100965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100965
CR  - Ermiş, E. N., & Bayraktar, S. (2021). Adaptation of multidimensional existential regret inventory to Turkish: Reliability and validity analysis. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13, 421-440. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1007196
CR  - Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course, 269-314.
CR  - Gál, É., Ștefan, S., & Cristea, I. A. (2021). The efficacy of mindfulness meditation apps in enhancing users’ well-being and mental health related outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.134
CR  - Gautam, S., Jain, A., Chaudhary, J., Gautam, M., Gaur, M., & Grover, S. (2024). Concept of mental health and mental well-being, it's determinants and coping strategies. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(2), S231-S244.
CR  - Golaszewski, N. M., Pasch, K. E., Fernandez, A., Poulos, N. S., Batanova, M., & Loukas, A. (2018). Perceived weight discrimination and school connectedness among youth: Does teacher support play a protective role?. Journal of School Health, 88(10), 754-761. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12682
CR  - Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., Baer, R. A.,Brewer, J. A., & Lazar, S. W. (2016). Contemplating mindfulness at work: An integrative review. Journal of management, 42(1), 114-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315617003
CR  - Gouda, S., Luong, M. T., Schmidt, S., & Bauer, J. (2016). Students and teachers benefit from mindfulness-based stress reduction in a school-embedded pilot study. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 165247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00590
CR  - Haver, A., Akerjordet, K., Caputi, P., Furunes, T., & Magee, C. (2015). Measuring mental well-being: A validation of the short Warwick–Edinburgh mental well-being scale in Norwegian and Swedish. Scandinavian journal of public health, 43(7), 721-727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494815588862
CR  - Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well–being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1435-1446. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1522
CR  - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on psychological science, 10(2), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
CR  - Howell, A. J., Digdon, N. L., Buro, K., & Sheptycki, A. R. (2008). Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 773-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.005
CR  - Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080%20/10705519909540118
CR  - Jose, P. E., Ryan, N., & Pryor, J. (2012). Does social connectedness promote a greater sense of well‐being in adolescence over time?. Journal of research on adolescence, 22(2), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00783.x
CR  - Keyes, C. L., Dhingra, S. S., & Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American journal of public health, 100(12), 2366-2371. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010
CR  - Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
CR  - Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of counseling psychology, 42(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
CR  - Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (2000). Understanding social connectedness in college women and men. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(4), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01932.x
CR  - Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.48.3.310
CR  - Luong, M. T., Gouda, S., Bauer, J., & Schmidt, S. (2019). Exploring mindfulness benefits for students and teachers in three german high schools. Mindfulness, 10, 2682-2702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01231-6
CR  - Maloney, S., Montero-Marin, J., & Kuyken, W. (2024). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy—Taking it Further (MBCT-TiF) compared to Ongoing Mindfulness Practice (OMP) in the promotion of well-being and mental health: A randomised controlled trial with graduates of MBCT and MBSR. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 173, 104478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104478
CR  - Nasser-Abu Alhija, F., & Wisenbaker, J. (2006). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling strategies on parameter estimates and their standard errors in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(2), 204-228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1302_3
CR  - Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Alkawaja, M., Molyneux, T. M., Kerai, S., Thomson, K. C., Guhn, M., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. M. (2024). Connections matter: Adolescent social connectedness profiles and mental well‐being over time. Journal of Adolescence, 96(1), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12250
CR  - Olsson, C. A., McGee, R., Nada-Raja, S., & Williams, S. M. (2013). A 32-year longitudinal study of child and adolescent pathways to well-being in adulthood. Journal of happiness studies, 14, 1069-1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9369-8
CR  - Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, Ş., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). Bilinçli farkındalık ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160).
CR  - Pieters, R., & Zeelenberg, M. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.1. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_6
CR  - Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
CR  - Rawlings, J. R., & Stoddard, S. A. (2017). Peer connectedness in the middle school band program. Research Studies in Music Education, 39(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X17703575
CR  - Rehman, A. U., You, X., Wang, Z., & Kong, F. (2023). The link between mindfulness and psychological well-being among university students: The mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem. Current Psychology, 42(14), 11772-11781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02428-6
CR  - Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R. E.,
CR  - Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L. H., & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. Jama, 278(10), 823-832. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550100049038
CR  - Roese, N. J., Epstude, K. A. I., Fessel, F., Morrison, M., Smallman, R., Summerville, A., Galinski, A. D., & Segerstrom, S. (2009). Repetitive regret, depression, and anxiety: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(6), 671-688. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.6.671
CR  - Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
CR  - Santini, Z. I., Koyanagi, A., Tyrovolas, S., Mason, C., & Haro, J. M. (2015). The association between social relationships and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.049
CR  - Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th. ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
CR  - Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., ... & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Health and Quality of life Outcomes, 5, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
CR  - Teoh, S. L., Letchumanan, V., & Lee, L. H. (2021). Can mindfulness help to alleviate loneliness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 633319. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633319
CR  - Thomas, S. G., & Kamble, S. V. (2024). Forgiveness and its relation with Subjective Well-being: Medi-ating Role of Social Connectedness. Inspa Journal Of Applıed And School Psychology, 5(2), 38-44.
CR  - Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart, 102(13), 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790
CR  - Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski, P., Lee, M. T., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T. J., & McNeely, E. (2022). Prospective associations between social connectedness and mental health. Evidence from a longitudinal survey and health insurance claims data. International Journal of Public Health, 67, 1604710. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604710
CR  - Wood, A. M., & Joseph, S. (2010). The absence of positive psychological (eudemonic) well-being as a risk factor for depression: A ten year cohort study. Journal of affective disorders, 122(3), 213-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.032
CR  - World Health Organisation. (2022, June 17). Mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
CR  - Xu, R. H., Zhou, L. M., & Wang, D. (2021). The relationship between decisional regret and well-being in patients with and without depressive disorders: mediating role of shared decision-making. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 657224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.657224
CR  - Zollars, I., Poirier, T. I., & Pailden, J. (2019). Effects of mindfulness meditation on mindfulness, mental well-being, and perceived stress. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 11(10), 1022-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2019.06.005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1549884
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4213508
ER  -